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Pap Smear. Aurel A Babes – 1886 – 1961 Rumania Diagnostic du Cancer du Col Utérin par les Frottis. Pap Smear. Leopold Koss – Koilocytic atypia Ernest Ayre – spatula, koilocytic atypia – virus 1976 – Alexander Meisels , Roger Fortin – HPV - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Pap Smear
Aurel A Babes – 1886 – 1961 Rumania Diagnostic du
Cancer du Col Utérin par les Frottis
Pap Smear
Leopold Koss – Koilocytic atypia
Ernest Ayre – spatula, koilocytic atypia – virus
1976 – Alexander Meisels, Roger Fortin – HPV
1983 – Harald zur Hausen – HPV-16, HPV-18 – cervical cancer
1988 – The Bethesda System
1996 – Thin Prep Automated screening HPV testing
Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology
Hayes Martin and Edward Ellis Memorial
Hospital, New York
Franzén, Zajicek, Löwhagen Sweden
Special Techniques
Albert Coons – 1912 – 1978 – immuno-fluorescence
Georges Kőhler – 1946 – 1995 – monoclonal antibodies
Kary Mullis – 1944 – PCR
Autopsy
Greek autopsia – to see for oneself
Egypt – mummification Mesopotamia –
examination of liver and entrails of sacrificed animals – hepatoscopy and haruspicy
Greek – battle field wounds
Aristotle – animal dissection
Autopsy
Human dissection – condemned criminals, public
Italian universities, plague victims
Pope Sixtus – 1471 – 1484 – bill permitting dissection
England – grave robbing, Anatomy Act 1832, resurrectionists – William Burke – 1792 – 1829; William Hare – 1792 – 1870, Edinburgh
Rembrandt van Rijn – 1606 – 1669 – The Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Nicolaas Tulp
Rembrandt van Rijn – 1606 – 1669 – The Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Joan Deyman
William Hogarth – 1697 – 1764 – The Reward of Cruelty
Famous Autopsies
King Henri IV – 1610 King James I – 1625 Thomas “Old” Parr –
1635 Claimed to be 152 years
old William Harvey
Napoleon Bonaparte – 1821
Ludwig van Beethoven – 1827
Vladimir Lenin – 1924 John F Kennedy – 1963
“You may take notes for 20 years, from morning to night at the bedside of the sick, upon the diseases of the viscera, and all will be to you only a confusion of symptoms...a train of incoherent phenomena. Open a few bodies and this obscurity will disappear.”
Marie-François-Xavier Bichat – 1771 – 1802
Father of histology
“Pathological anatomy is the essential basis for pathological physiology, to be supplemented further by pathological histology, chemical pathology, and experimental pathology.”
Karl Rokitansky – 1804 – 1878
Algemein Krankenhaus, Vienna
Father of the modern autopsy
Performed 30,000, supervised 70,000
“To investigate the causes of death, to examine carefully the condition of the organs, after such changes have gone on in them as to render existence impossible and to apply such knowledge to the prevention and treatment of disease, is one of the highest objects of the physician.”
Sir William Osler – 1849 – 1919
1,000 autopsies
The Future
Personalized medicine
Molecular pathology – FISH
Digital pathology – Telepathology
Quality assurance, Lean
Gene chip technology
References
Van Den Twell, JG, Taylor CR: A Brief History of Pathology: Preface to a forthcoming series that highlights milestones in the evolution of pathology as a discipline. Virchows Arch, 2010; 457:3-10.
Hajdu, SI: A Note From History: Landmarks in History of Cancer, Part I. Cancer, 2011;117:1097-102.
Hajdu, SI: A Note From History: Landmarks in History of Cancer, Part II. Cancer, 2011;117:2811-20.
Hajdu, SI: A Note From History: Landmarks in History of Cancer, Part III. Cancer, 2011;118:1155-68.
Weiss, L: 2. Early Concepts of Cancer. Cancer and Metastasis Reviews, 2000; 19:205-217. Diamantis A, Beloukas AI, Katogeraki AM, Magiokinis E: A Brief Chronicle of Cytology: From
Janssen to Papanicolaou and Beyond. Diagnostic Cytopathology, 2012; DOI: 10.1002/dc22887. Hajdu SI, Ehya H: A Note from history: Foundation of Diagnostic Cytology. Annals of Clinical
and Laboratory Science, 2008; 38(3):296-299. Naylor B: The Century for Cytopathology. Acta Cytol 2000; 44:709-725. Weening JJ, Jennette JC: Historical Milestones in Renal Pathology. Virchows Arch, 2012; DOI
10.1007/s00428-012-1254-7. Burton J: A Bite Into The History of the Autopsy: From Ancient Roots to Modern Decay.
Forensic Sci Med Pathol, 2005; 1:4:277. Wright Jr, JR. Albert C. Broders’ Paradigm Shifts Involving the Prognostication and Definition of
Cancer. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2012; 136:1437-1446.