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Tetical
&
Resear~ BuUetin47
Thermal Insulation Report
TECHNIULANDRESEARmBULLETINNo. 47
ThermalInsulationRepoti
Prepared by
Panel O-28 (Ship’s Material)
of the
Ship Technical Operations Cotittee
Publishedby
The Societyof Naval Architectsand Marine En@neers
74 TrinityPlace,New York, N.Y. 10006
December, 1963Reprinted April, 1966
Reprinted January, 1974
~ble of Content8
Prefncc
Definitionsand Swbol~
Introduction
General.Notes
Design Temper;ture8
Sobr Radiation
Cooling Lmd Calcuktions
Heating Load Calculations
Formlas
Penn State College Test Panel No. 5
Methnd of Calculating Airs~ce Conductance
ConvectIon-ConductionCoeff~cient for Heat Tra\~sfer
Across an Airspce
CondensationPreventIon
PgychrometricChart
Selection of Insulation
Design Temperatureand Mximm Temperature
Differences Between Variou8 Spces
Temperature DifferencesVersus “U” Facwr6
Heat Dis6i~tlon From Personnel
Values of Surface C0efficient9
~erml Conductance of Air S~ces
~ermal Resistance of Air 9paces
Heat Trmefer Coefficients
L
2-3
4-6
7-9
10
10-11
E-13
14
15-18
19-23
24-27
28
29-34
35
36-38
39
40
41
b2-45
46
47
48-51
I
,.
.Conductivity or Conductance Values
Values of ‘V” - No Insulation
Values of “U” - 1“ Insulation
Values of “U” - 2“ Insulation
Values of “U” - 3“ Insulation
V~l!]eoof “U” - h“ Insulation
6“ Insulation
V~lues of “U” - 6“ Insulation
AcollsticInsulation
.Vnl.uesof “U” - Acoustic Insulation
Wood Decking
Valllesof “u” - Wood Deck Combinations
... Mngnesite Deck Coverings
Values of “U” - ~gnesite Deck Coverims
$Jpecial.C0n8tnction6
Values Of.”U” -’Special C0n3truc<,lon0
“C” Factor8 for Various ~pes of
Mar)ufacturersPerformance Curves
Conductivity of ~terials
Bibliographyand References
.
52-56
57-63
&-72
73-83
W-90
91-100
101
102-103
104
105-107
108
109-119
Eo
121-126
H7
128-u9
Construction Appendix I
- ~eml
Appendix 11
II
panel o-28 of
Technical Program,
,.,
,.
P~ACE
Society of Naval Architects and Marine ~glneers,
been investigatingthe use of various Insuktion
materials, and their proper application, for the purpose of obtaining the
mo9t satisfactoti comfort conditions on shipboard in the mo8t economical
manner.
In compili~ the data on heat transmissionthrough the various types
of constmctions as given in this Report, the corresponding “U” values have
been based on the,latest available Informationand technical data supplied
by the manufactmera of the insulationand sheathing products now anilable
to the industry.
It is recognizedthat the basic “k” values are subject to change as
result of improved manufacturing technique9 md more etienaive transmission
te9t6. It.is requested that prowsed revisions to the Text and Table9 be
referred,toSN~ for preparation of future revi8ed editiong of thig Report.
D~INI~ONS AND SY~OW-— —— _
The following is a list of comonly used standard terms and symbols.
Special terms and s~bols used in the text are defined where used.
A = Boundary area in square feet. This IS the plane boundary area, not
including the surface area of the 8tiffeners.
a = Specific area indicated.
as = Air Space.
B~ = British Thermal Unit. me quantity of heat required to raise the
temperatureof one pound of water one degree Fahrenheit at or near
its maimm density.
C = Themal Conductancee of structme or material, B~/~/Sq .Ft./oF for
given thickness. ~is does not include the conductance of the
surface film coefficients “fp” and “fs”.
f = Total surface film coefficient= (hc + hr) B~/~/Sq.Ft ./°F.
fi = Inside surface film coefficient.
fo = Outside surface film coefficient.
fP = s~face film cOefflcient On the Plane Eide of a deck or bulkhead.
fa = Surface film coefficfent on the stiffener side of a deck or bulkhead.
h = Heat transfer coefficient,B~/~/Sq.Ft ./°F.
ho = Overall heat transfer coefficient,BTU/~/Sq .Ft./%.
hc . Heat transfer surface film coefficient by convection, BW/~/Sq.Ft ./~.
hr = Heat transfer surface film coefficient by radiation, B~/~/Sq.Ft ./%.
Pak = Thermal Conductivityof mterials, B~/~/Sq.Ft./~/~one inch of
thickness.)
L = Length of heat flow path = total depth of 6tiffener = lerigthof web +
, length of fbnge.
1 = Depth of the covered part of a stiffener.
,/ .
3
D~IllITIOllS~D SY~M—. .____ . . ._
q = Rate of heat transmission,B~/HR.
R=
r=
Tf=
t=
tm =
to =
ti =
u=
tu=
H=
17=
At =
d=
c=
Themal Resistance, I/U.
Thenal Resistivity, l/C.
Absolute temperature,F*renheit =. 459.60 (use 4&0).
Tem~rature, ‘F.
Mean temperature”,% = tf + to2
Mr or surface tempenture outside of com~rtment, ‘F.
bbi ent temperature inside compartment,%.
Overall heat trmsmiss ion, including surface film coeffIcients ‘
“fp” ud “fs”, B~/HR/Sq .Ft./OF.
Heat flow up, B~/HR/Sq .Ft./degree F.
Heat flm horizontal, B~/HR/Sq .Ft./degree F.
Heat flm d-, B~/HR/Sq.Ft ./degreeF.
Temperature difference, degrees F.
me Stefan-Mltzmann radiation conatmt = energy/area, time, (%)4
in solid angle 2 x above a plane element = 1730 x 10-4 BTU/HR/Sq.Ft./~
absolute temperature to the 4th power = .173
bisaivity factor accounting for the emission or absorption
characteristicsof the surface for the radiation which exists.
6 for insulated surfaces = .~
6 for bare metil surfaces = .65
4
Heating, ventilation and air conditioning demmds for modern @hips are
con6tantw increa91ng,and, M thout efficient themal insulation exce99ively
large quantities of air for either heating or cooling would be neces9ary to
maintain the prescribed habitability.
me need for effective insulation is apparent. Wundariea of liting
and working swc e9 exposed to the weather or to the sea mu9t be protected
from the effect9 of temperature and temperature differentials due to the
weather, sea90ns, latitude, and time Of day. C0mpartment8 adjacent tO
boiler and mchinery spaces, upWke9 and other spaces involved with heat
producing equiwent mst algo be protected.from the high temperatures pre-
valent at these gwceg.
~i9 report pre9ents a method for determinationof required insulation
for sea going ships suitable for varting rates of heat transfer at different
4“temperature leve19 taking into con9ideration econow of installation, con-
“:+9truction, maintenance and weight.
~ermal 9hip insulation involves the application of heat re9isting
material to deckg, to the shell, and to tbe various bulkheads ‘andpartition9
associated with the compartmentationof a ve99el. In most instances a com-
bination of
~nels, air
purp09e as
be included
materia19, hereinafter knom a9 “c0n9tmcti0n9”, consisting of
9pace9, 9heathing, deck coverlng9, and other mterials ❑ay serve the
in9ulation. me themal properties of 9uch con9truction9 should
in the determinationof insulation requirements which will gatisfi
the prescribed temperature d1fferential.
~is report has been compiled for use as a
9electing satisfactorytypes and thicknesses of
guide to the de9igner in
thermal insulation and
constmctions for new ship de9ign, and to detemine the prevailing temperature
5
gradients and their resulting “U’’-factorsthrough’the various boundaries on
shiphard, under a standard code of acceptable ambient’compartment temper&-
tures for both the co61ing and h~ting’s eason.
Table 1 ~rnishes the designer with the ambient temperature for each
t@e of compartment,with the outside design temperatures for solar radiation,
weather air and sea water, and also indicates the mximm ‘tem~rature differ-
ente that wi11 occur between two conditions of comprtment8 . The indicated
m=imm differencewill, in some cases, occur during the heatl~ seaaon, in
others during the cooll~ season. In arrivl~ at economical and efficient
loads for the cooli~ and h-ting plants, the maximum temperature clifference
should be kept in mind when selecting the desired types of construction. .,
~perience gained from existing installationsindicates that the ❑ost
satisfactoryresults have been obtained when the mximm “U’’-valuesrecom-
mended in Wble 2 are not exceeded.
Utilizi~ the basic Information in Tables 1 and 2, the
‘.$!haveno difficulty in selecting a type of construction frOM
designer should
the tablea of
“U’’-values that will satisfy the prescribed condition. It should be noted
that the rate of heat flow is inversely proportioml to the thickness of the
insulation,that Is, proportionallyless heat is tr~s ferred a8 the thickness
of insulation increases. The rate of heat stoppage depreciates rapidly WItb
insulationthicknessesof over two inches. In viw of this rapidly diminishing
return It is more economical to cover stiffener webs and ftinge8 to obtain an
Overall heat flow rate WIthin
thickness of the flat surface
reasonable amount.
The tibles of “U’’-values
the limits of Table 2, rather than increase the
area insulationbetween the stiffeners beyond a
are based.on a 36” frame spacing with 61’x b“
angle 9tiffener5. Other frame spacings ranging from 18” to b8° with pro-
portional stiffener sizes have been included at the beginni~ of each “U’’-value
6
section, frm bare steel up to and including a h“ lnsuhtion thickness. ~ese.
tables have been included to show the variable ‘~’’-factorsfor clifferent frsme.
n~c i~s. Heat flow through the stiffeners is dependent on several factors,
and therefore cannot be computed as a straight-line reht ionship. me worst
condition, namely that of heat flow from a heated compartment to 0° weather,
has been selected to shm the mximum variance that can occur. Comparisons
between these tables WI11 show that the variance is negligible for insulation
thickneseea of more than 3”, me nriance, therefore, mey be neglected from
consideration for insulation thicknesses in excess of 3“.
tithough insubtions specific for acoustic and refrigeration space instalJ
btion are treated in sepsrate reports, various types of acoustic insulation
have been covered in this’report in recognition of th,eirtherml Insubti on
value. ml credit should be taken for the thermal properties of acoustic
insuht ion wherever it ia to,be used to avoid ppmiding of deaign requirements.
It is the objective of this presentation that the informetion given in the
text and the various tables will provide the designer with sufficient infor-
mation to Calcubte ‘~”-factors for con9truction types and insulation ~terial~
not included in the Wbles of ‘V” Values.A comparison of the calculation of
con9truction9 similer to types #50 and *8 with actual test9 with ~ne19 having
4“ x 3“ x ~“ stiffeners by Penn State College is included herein for information
and guidance.
7
One of the most important and complex problems confronting the Marine
Designer involved,with design of insuhtion is to provide satisfactory ship
habitability for all seasons. me various types of constmction and amount
of insulation mu9t be carefully 9elected to insure minimum beat transfer
under the conditions in which the greate9t temperature difference occur
considering the variable9 involved with the season9. me grsate9t tempera-
ture difference between one compartment and its ad,ioiningspace my occw
during the cooling 9eason, while another two adjoini~ compartments❑ay chow
the greate9t tem~ratore difference during tbe heating season. &imm
temperature differencesbetween various 9paces are gIven in Nble 1. U9ing
the Informationgiven in Table 1 with the mximum “U” factors containd in
Table 2, the designer should have no difficulty in selectinga satisfactory
and economical type of comtmction and insulation.
IF is evident that the cooling load and,,,
must be baeed on the selected constmction.
season and heat loss for the beati~ season,
tions, must be established. The temperature
the beating lmd requirements
The heat gain for the cooling
involving two sets of cOmpta-
aifferences will rmge from a
minimum of 5° F in tbe cooling season to a mximum of 750 in the heating
geason. Since the rate of heat transfer through stmcture varies with the
temperaturedifference ana with the air~tion of flow, it 19 important that
the correct heat transfer factors, hereinafter referrea to as ‘V” factor9, be
.aPPliea tO the various conditions invOlvea. In selection of ‘V” factors it
19 well to remember that heat wi11 always flow from high temperatore to low,.
never from low to high.
....:
.-.
Heat is a fom of energy which is transferred, as a re8ult of temperature
difference,by means of convection, conduction and radiation. For heat gain
or heat loss calculation these three factors have been evaluated and combined
into a single overall coefficient of transmittance, “U”, for the various t~es
of construction in general use. Calculations for “U” factors have been divided
into 4 groups as follows:
1. SURFACE ~ INSIDE AIR: ~ese coefficients evaluate the effect of heat
tras fer from 9urface temperature on one side of a boundaw to the alr
temperature on the other eide. Surface temperatu= 8.apply to cooli~
6eason calcu~t Ions only, ae sokr radiation temperature of a deck or
bulkhead exposed to the sun, or a9 the 9ea water temperature of that
prt of the shell platiog extendiog belw the designed water line. Under
these conditlon6 only “C” =d “fa” are considered, “fp” la neglected.
2. wwm AIR w INSIDE AIR: ~e9e coefficients evaluate the effect of
heat transfer thro~h the “ship’6stricture from in9ide com~rtment air
temperaturesto the out9Ide air temperature in the heating 9ea9on.
and “fs” are applicable. For “fp” use 7.0 where bulkhead9 or decks
exposed to weather. ~is is an average coefficientwhich evaluate9
effect of wind at 15 mph, spray and rain. .~ese coefficients also
evaluate the effect of heat transfer from.outside temperature in the
cooling season to the in9ide air temperature of such air conditioned
compartmentswhich have a weather boundary not fiubject to solar radiation.
In the9e cases “fp”, “C” and “f9” factors apply.
3. INSIDE AIR ~ SEA WA~ : ~ese c0efficient9 evaluate
tran9fer through
ture9 to the sea
“fp” and “C” are
25.O for heating
the ship’9 9hell plati~ from inside
water temperature outside duri~ the
the effect of heat
com~rtment tempera-
heating aea90n. “fs”,
applicable. For “fp” use 37.0 for cooling 9eason and
9ea90n. see reference No. 6, page175
9
4. INSIDE ~R ~ IliSIDEAm: ~ese coefficients evaluate the effxt of
heat transfer through decka, bulkheads and ~rtitions from one inside
comprtmont to nnoLher. “fp”, “C” and “fs” apply.
—-
10
DR?IGN ~~~A~ES
Design temperature of outside air and 9en water, as well a9 of the various
compartment within the ship are usually given in the detail 9pecification9 for
each ~rticuhr 9hip. Where they are not 9pecified, the temperatures listed
below and in Table 1 are recommended for de9ign purpo9en.
C~LING SWON :
Outside air, Ventilation ........ 950F. hy Sulb
0ut9ide air, air conditioning ... 95%. my mlb, 82%. Wet 2ulb
Air ~onditioned 9paces .......... 80%. Dry Wlb, 66%. Web Wlb
(Subject to owner’s requirements)
Sea water........................ 85°F.
HWTING S~ON :
Outside air ................. O°F. .
Seawater .$................. 28% .
me effect of solar
temperature of un9haded
SOM WDIATION
radIation on weather boundaries produce9 surface
Oreas during the cooling season as follows:
Steel and aluminum decks .... 140°F.
Wood deck9 .................. 120°F.
Vertical metal boundaries ... UO°F.
Vertical wod boundarie9 .... llO°F.
~le heat transfer re9dt ing from the9e temperature is considered only for that
1!eather boundary 9howing the greate9t heat gain. ‘Solareffect on other weather
boundaries 19 neglected. If a compartmenthag two adjacent vertical boundaries
e~oa ed to the weather, the area to be “usedfor the solar radiation heat gain 16
the proJected area of the exposed boundaries representedby a di~onal plane
extending between the two opposite e~osed comers of the space. Vertical
boundaries common at weather deck areae and which are pe-ently ehaded by
structural overhangs, such as at open promenades, open ~ssage ways, etc.,
are not considered subJect to Botir radiation, and heat transmission through
such boundaries should be based on an “air to air” concept.
COOLIN2 UM C~ATION9
~~ARI~ :
Include heat gain
windows e~osed to the
from solar radiation. Include solar radiation for
sun (both single and double glass) and add to the
l~d for vertical boundaries as follms:
Clear Windtis ......................160 B~/HR/Sq .Ft. gbsa
Include heating effect of all ad,lacents~ces. me cooling effect of
adjacent SPC es or weather boundaries ie not considered unless W e lower
tempemtures are maintained by air conditioning equi~ent. For heat gains
fr~ Engine and Boiler Room caairrgato adjacent epacea use caoing tempera-
tures of 140° for horizontal boundaries and 120° for vertical boundaries.
LIGH~ :
Consider heat gain frcm lighting units at a rate of 3.41 B~/hr per
watt, plus ballast load for fluorescentlighting.
Pmsom :
Cons ider both sensible and htent heat from personnel in camputation of
heat loads for all air conditioned epaces. In ventilated compartment heat
gain frm personnel la not considered since the sensible heat gain is negli-
gible at ventilation design temperatures. Ventilation design neglects latent
heat because the moisture content of weather air varies such that the rehtively
amll addition by personnel is on~ of academic interest. 9ee ~ble 3 for
reCO~ended heat 108s frOm per80nnel in Eir conditioned spaces. In air
conditioned dining rooms and mess room, add 30 B~/hr sensible heat and
30 B~/hr htent heat per occuwnt and 325 B~/hr sensible heat and 675 BTW/hr
latent heat for each attendant in consIderation of heat dissapation from food.
13
EQU~m:
Consider heat gain from all heat producin~ equiwent, allwing for
probable load factor9 of such equiwent. me load factora should take
into acco””tsltiltaneoususe of combi=tlona of equi~ent, md inter-
mittent or continuoususe of equi~ent.
A..
14
H~TING ~AD Emulations
~~DARIB :
Neglect solar radiation. Include heat loss thro~h all boundarie~.
Heat gains through boundarie6 are deducted if the
the ad,lacentspaces are maintained by the heating
from Machinery or Boiler Room casings to adjacent
temperature for both horizontal and
LIGH~ :
Heat.gains from lighting units
higher temperatures of
8YBtem. For heat gaina
spces use 70°casing
vertical boundaries.
are deducted from sxc e-heatlog
requirements for all heated compartments excent cabins, stiteroome and
toilet & shower syces.
PERSONNEL:
Heat gains from personnel are not considered.
Considered hat gain from qui~ent only in compartments where
equlpent is in continuous use during period of occupancy. For example,
at galleys, bakerles and radio central.
.15
FORW~
me heat flow through a etncture is given by the formla
H = UA (ti - to)
1in which U equals 1 1 1—+—+— for air to air (~uation 1)
fp c fa
1and U equals 1 1 for surface to air
—+(Equation 2)
c r
me values of surface coefficients !,fp!and ‘Ifs”for various frame
spacings and temperaturedifferencesare given in ~blea 4 to 7 inclusive
for reference in calcukting “U” value9 for c0n8tncti0n types not given
herein.
In the interest of simplification,the following temperatures for
surface resistance factors are considered ,ju9tifiablesince the actual
calculated value9 for any prt icular temperaturedInferentialof the average
“U” value 1s within 10 per cent of the average ‘W” value given in Kbles
15 to 24 inclu9iveand since the boundary gain9 or lo8aes form only a part
of the to’talload
COOLING SEMON :
mAT~G SEASON:
“fp” for air to air at 100°F.
“fs” for surface to air at 100°F.
“fs” for all other conditions at 90%.
“fp” for air to air at 70°F.
“fa” for inside air to weather at TO°F.
“fs” for all other c’onditionaat 60°F.
16
Fiber glass insuhtion i9 indicated for the constructions shmn in
Tables 15 to 24 inclu6ive unlegg otherwiee noted. The “k” values or “C”
values I]sedfor the varioug materials are’taken from the manufacturer
performlance curves ae shown in Appendlx II, or, where perfo-nc e curve8
for variable temperature,are not available, as given in Table9 8 to 14
inclu9ive for 75°F. mean temperatures.
In determining the “U” values, consideration ha9 been given to the
9election of “C” factors at mean temperature com~tible to the various
conditions encountered in the heat transmission, 9uch as a “C” factor for
solar radiation correspondiu to .35 BTU/~ at 135 degrees meao temyrature,
while for the same congtmctlon the “C” factor dropg to .30 B~/~ at 35
degreee mean temperature.
The “U” valueg given in Tables 15 to 24 inclusive are based on a 36
inch 9tiffener spciw. he to the fact that the heat conduction rate
through the steel or aluminum changee rapidly with the increase or decreaae
of the stiffener size and it9 conductive cro99-section area, a arbitra~
size of 6“ x 4“ angle bas been selected as basis for the determination of
the average “U” nlue.
For frame spaciws other than 36”, as9miW that the stiffener 9ize9
cha~es in proportion to the
are given in Table9 15 to 24
In calculating the h=t
fomulag have been u9ed:
f = (hc + hr)
.25
frme 9paclog, f rme space correction factor9
inclusive for each of the construction type9.
transfer through the mteria19, the followi~
(Muation 3)
hc = .38 (Ata) : for heat flow up
.25hC = .27 (Ats) for horizontal heat
.25hc = .20 (A ta) fir heat flw down
(~uation 4)
flow (~uation 5)
(~uation 6)
.
where .30,.27, and .20 are convection constants from chapter IV Of reference 7,
and A ts is the temperaturedifference between the inside surface and the ambient
[w] “[%x+]
Compartment air, = (~uation T)
and where r i9 the therml resistivity through the bmndary to the inside kurface,
r=
[
1 1
1
_+ —fo c
[
~Tf + t9)4~-
~Tf + ti)4
hr =FdE 100(ts-ti) 1 (~uation 8)
F = Geometrical configuration emi9sivity factor for radiant exchange,
dimend onless, (my be neglected for the prpose of these calcu-
lations).
ts = Temperature of the inside surface.
tt = Temperature of the ambient compartmentair.
Heat Transmission or Absorption of ex~sed*rt of stiffener.
~ Insulation
*“
,..
I
,.,.;,.........,.:,.:.,.;,.........................;:,;, t
; ~~‘:.=..ql
Figure 1
[1
UR - uR1
(J-=. Al(~ution 9)
18
u’=R1
f=
‘> =
a=
k-
tanh .
[11uR=_
Rq
Rq =
Rql
m
[
mfp tanh ti1
‘[
mfp tanh mt1
:rQl”.5
(~uation 11)
(~mtion 13)lbJ
Boundary area affected by the heat transmission from stiffener, in
square feet.
Totil heat transmisaion
OF/ Sq. ft. of boundary
Total heat trmsmission
if not insulated.
Heat content in covered
B~/SR .
from the exposed ~rt of stiffener, B~/~/
area.
from stiffener for length given (p), B~/~.,
~rt of stiffener for length given (p),
Surface film conductance between stiffener surface and the ambient
com~rtment air, B~/~/Se. W./%.
Perimeter of conduction croga-section area “a” - Linear length of
stiffener in feet.
Conductance cross-sectionarea of stiffener in sq. ft.
Tberml conductivity of steel, B~/~/Se.FT~F/ 12 inChe8 thick.
The hyperbolic tangent.
lg
PSNN. STA~ COLL~E ~T PAN~ NO. 5
In the following heat transfer
for the panel test, namely:
1/4” Eteel pkte
(Page 13 of Test Report)
CO~ARAT~ CWATION
calculation,the same data is used as that
2“stiffener;,4“ x 3“ x 1/4” angle bar Iw:,:::::..,.,.,::::::.:.::.
2“ Fiberglas: insulationboard,‘9# density
~ k
:::::,,.,.
Effective ~nel area - 48” x 48” - 16.0ft2:,:;
Effective length of stiffener9 - 8‘ - 01’Horizontal heat flow, air to air - 59.TOO to 14° 52t - 45.7° air to air
.........
“k” for in9uhtion - 0.230::-:~~:.::
“k” for steel - 312.0 ~.....
For simplificationof calcuhtions, therml resistance values of mterials
and surface.film coefficientshave been used directly in lieu of B~/HR wherever
applicable. The “r” for the plane 9ide surface film coefficient (O.832)has
been obtained frm Table 4 as verified by Table 1 in the Naw Design kta Sheet
. D~3901-1 . Since this surface film coefficient 19 con9tant over the entire
~nel aurface and only varies with change9 in the ambient com~rtment tempera-
tures, no correction19 nece99aw. me surface film coefficient on the radiat-
ing or stiffener aide hwever, 18 dependent on the difference in emis9ivity
between the 9teel and insulation murfaces, the ratio of steel surface to insul-
ation 9urface, the temperaturegradlent through the pnel, and the combined
effect~ of convection and radiation on the steel 9urface and on the insulation
surface. Henc& the “fs” h= been pontulated for the given ambient temperature
by extrapokti on from Table 6, and then corrected by a camputation for cor-
rection of possible error to bahnce the 9um of the calcubted convection and
radiation factor9. For abbrevity reaaom the calculation for correction of
possible error has not been ehmn, and the calculation hereiufter only
includes the “fe” obtained by the equilibrium proces6 (mrked *), which
must correspond to the calculated “fs” (marked **).
Definitions and symb016 used are in accordance with
~ges 2 and 3 except where othemiee noted.
The heat transmission through the insulated area and
‘Ifs”is determined as followe:
fp 59.7°... 0.8321/4” Stl ... 0.0012“ ins’1 ... 8.700
R$...... 9.533f614 ...... 0.946*
R ......10.479
hc = 0.27(4.1)0’”=O.,
th06e giVen on
the corresponding
Correction factor for horizontal flow = 0.27
G= 0.90 & = 0.173 c ~ = 0.156
to = 59.7 -
( )
45.7 X 9.533 = 18.1°
10.479
A ts = 18.1 - 14.0 = 4.1°
384 Tf, =460.o + 18.1 = 478.1°
Tf2 = 460.o+ 14.0= 474.0°
1/10.479=0.095 BTU/RR/FT /°F.
mere are 15.83square
Total tran6mi66ion for thfs
WI- 15.83 x
hc = 0.384hr - 0.673fs = 1.057
R - 1/1.057 = 0.946**
feet off pkne imulated area in the ~nel.
are6 is then,
0.0(}>= 1.50k B~/~
21
me “fs” for the steel surface of the stiffeners is determined 89
follows:
fp 59.7°...0.832 Correction factor ~or horizontal flw = 0.273.5” Stl ...0.011
Rs ....0.843 c = 0.65 4 = 0.173 Ed. 0.113f9 140......l.003*
R ......1.846 Wan pth through steel = 0.5(4” x 3“) - 3.5”
t~ = 59.7-( b)k5.7x 0.8L3 = 38,8°
1.84
A ts = 38a - lk.O . 24.a0
hc = o.27(24.a~”=0.603 m, = 46o.o + 3a.a = 49a.a0Tf2 = 460.o+ 14.0= 474.0°
Heat transmissionthrough
is a9 f011w9 :
mere are 16 studs in the
R=
the impaling studg
~nel, 0.190” dia.
hc = 0.603hr = 0.394fa = 0.997
1/0.997 = 1.003 **
for the insulationboard
x 2.25” long. Total cross-
gectional conduction area of the studs is 0.003 gquare feet. “r” for 2.25”
steel is 0.007. “r” for suface film from above
~= 0.003(
10.a32+0.007+1.003 1
Heat transmission thr~h the stiffeners is
19 1.003. Then
= 0.0016 B~/RR
(Say 0.002)
calculated USIX the
following factors: Mean heat flow pth though the stiffener is
0.5[(4” + 3“) + (3.75” + 2.75”] = 6.75”= 0.562’,of which 2“ (0.167’)
22
are covered with insulation. This leaved 4.75” mrnn flow path of exposed
stiffener sub5ect to heat diooiwtion. Total linear length of stiffener
in the test aree is 8’ - O“ with a croae-sectionalconduction area of 0.167
square feet. Previously calculated “fs” for steel is 0.997. “C” for one
foot thick steel i~ 26.0. Then
m= ( 0.997 X 8.026 x 0.167 )’5= (HT 1356
a = (1.356x 0.562)= 0.762 t8nh& = 0.642
ML,= (1.356x 0.167)= 0.226
Rqt =
(
1.356
7.98 X 0.642 )
me above would be
dissipation, However,
follows: Let ~ be tbe
stiffener. Let @ 1 be
i
t
t
where tinh is the
hyperbolic tangent
0.265 ‘t “ 01265 “ 3.773BW/m=
corrected’if the entire stiffener was exposed to heat
Ieductionfor the 2“ covered prt must be applied as
temperatureof the eteel, plane aide, in way of the
;heheat sink from @ to the toe of the flange. Let $2
be the heat sink frm @ to the intersection of the bare steel with the insula-
tion board. ~1 temperaturesare degrees Fahrenheit.
~ ~6 )@ = 59.7- !5.; x o.8~2= 39.1°
.
#2=3910-(xti:!eifi)=391- (*) ’100where “ex” Is the exponentialfinction of & and til.
23
FROM dl and d2above, the percentage of the heat sink in the exposed ~rt
of the stiffener is’found to be
()1.0 - > = 0.890
9.1
Then the heat transmissionfrom
U3 = (0.890 x
the e~sed part of the
3.773)= 3.358m/HR.
stiffener is
Total calcuktion heat transmlssion for the ~nel is now
U1 .....1.504U2 .....0.002
U3 .....3.558
Ut ..... . a
Calculation U =l!.85~
~
Penn State College Test U
B~/HR
= 0.304 ~/HR/SQ .~/°F ,
- 0.295 B~/RR/SQ.~/°F .
m extraction of “C” from the calculated ‘U’’-mlueand applying the
p~per factors, the correct “U’’-valuefor any modification of Panel K
can nm be readily obtained.
Tanking as an example the first test of Panel #1 in Penn Stite College
Test Report, For horizontal heat flm, we have
From preceding pWe,’ 1/0.304............................ 3.289Less “fp”
*...............................................
From Table
From TableFrom TableFrm Tablefire.Table
Calculated
Penn State
6, fs 14” (extrapolation).................... .T18
4, rp600 ............................~.!.....1.6790.832
9, airs~ce .... 6f-lo0 ....................o.8934, fp ll.~(extrapolation).................... 1.000~, 7/8” ~rinite 36 ........................ O.m
R = 5.272
“U” -“1/5 .272 - 0.190
College Test - 0.192
24
Method of calcubting Airspace Conductance
‘2—Heat flw ~—rto 3
rl(fo) %
(Airspace)
r5r6 (fi)
Figure 2
Definitions:
~1 -
E-
;.
hcc -
R-
r-
8-1
82 -
Tm -
tm -
e-
Total heat tranofer acrona ai~space, B~/~. /Bq.ft./degree F.
Radiation interchange factor for,surfaces of airs~ce.
Totil hemispherical ernittanceof surface.
Dimension across airspace in inches.
Combined coefficient of conduction and convection.
Total thermal resistance of boundary.
The-1 resistivities of boundary components.
Warmer surface.
Cooler 8urface.
Mean temperature of aire~ce, degrees F. absolute.
Mean temperature of airspace, degrees F.
Temperature difference acrosa alrspace, degrees F.
For additional definitions used, see text and ~ges 2 - 3.
25
Method of calcukting Airspace Conductancee:
me transfer of heat between the warner and cooler surfaces of an
airspace takes pbce not on~ by radiation, but also by a combined action
of convection and conduction. me total resistance to the heat flm by
the airs~ce and its surface film factors add a definite insulation value
to the constriction. In calcuhting the ‘U” values for the various typcn
of construction it is necessary to include the thermal resistance of the
exi~ting.airspces.
me heat transfer by radiation across an airspce depends on the
absolute temperatures of
interchangefactor which
faces, their emieaivity,
Orientation of the swce
the radiation.
the surfaceE bounding the Ewce, and a radiatiOn
tikea into account the re-radiation of the Eur-
and the geometrical configuration of the spce.
and the direction of heat flow haE no effect on
On the other hand, the combined heat trangfer by conduction and con-
vection depends upon orientation of the apce, the direction of the heat
flw, the dimension acroEE the Epece and its ❑ ean temperature,and the
temperatt]redifference between the two Eurfaces.
me two above deEcribed components of the total heat tranafer acroEa
the spce, work independently. ~eref ore, the total heat transfer can be
expreeEed by the equation:
C’ = ~r+ hcc (~uation lb)
me radiation Interchange ractor, E, is obtiined from the equation :
E= 1 (~uation 15)1—+ 1—-1e81 ’52
26
me radiation coefficient,hr, is expressed in accordance with the
Stefan - Boltzmann law, thus
~r ~ ~ 10-8 (Ts14- T,24)
(Tsl - T62)
[1
3hr = 0.00686 a approx.
100
(4uation 16)
or
(~uation 17)
mere extreme accuracy is required, the more elaborate procedure given
in equation 4-33 of reference 6 may ‘bewed. However, for the Wmse Of
calculatingaverage “U” factors, the errors introduced by using the above
quations are negligible. me values obtained from theee equations are
considered sufficient4 accurate for the ~rpose of simplicity and practical
application.
Reasonably accurate temperature of el and S2 in Fig. 2 are obtained
by using the resIatince concept through the ~rious aompnents of the
conetmction, thus:
td~l = n t. (rltr?+r?l (~uation 18)R
taa2=A t (rl+r2tr3+r4)
R(SquatiOn 19)
where td = temperature drop from the heat source (to) to the eurface.
A t = temperature diff;:renee (to - ti)
and r4 may be postuhted from Table 4 in Chapter 9 of reference 3.
Then t~= (to - ta) (~uation 20)
me values of the coefficient for the cotiined effects of conduction
and convection,“hcc”, can be reed direct4 fromthe curvesof Fiwre 3,
me values given in the curves are for ah airspace with “anarbitrarily
selected mean temperature of 50 degrees Fahrenheit.
27
me effect of variable mean temperaturesde~nd on whether the con-
ductirn or the convection 1s the pri- factor in the heat transfer across
the apace. mere the mean temperature dIffera t~m 500 the hc~ ovaluea50
should be corrected for the calcubted b. me foll~ing formuks will
then app~:
For hc~ >0.3,500
(hc)tm = (hc~50°) [ 1-0.001 (tm - 50)] (4uati0n 21)
For hc~500<0 .2,
(hc~m = (hc~ 500j [1 + 0.0017 (tm - 50)] (~uation 22) ;
In the range Of hc#500 values between O.2 and 0.3 the temperature
coefficient is variable and passee through zero in value, consequently the
❑ ean temperaturehaB insignificanteffect on the hc nlue, and correction
of the hc~500 factor is not required.
~ermal conductance of .aira~cea ranging in depth from one to Eix
inches have been calcubted for the various conditions encounter~ on
shipboard, and their “C” values have been listed in mble 8.
For the convenience of the deeIgner, the “C” values have ~rther been
( 1 ) which canconverted to ~erml Resistance factors, _ be read directlyc
from ~ble 9.
Nw
3,00,.
2.00
1.50
.20
.15
.10
CONVECTION - CON VUmlON COEFFI ClENT
FOR HEAT TWNSFER AcR05S AN AIRSPACe.
I I I 1 I I I 1111 I 1A I I IIll=I I I I I IIll I I I I I IIIJ
o
@g3. VEG. F./ INCH3
.. . .
29
COND2N9ATION ~W~ION
One of the requirements for satisfactory insulation is that the thichesn
and density of the insulation material mu6t be stitable to prevent condensation
on the interior surfaces of the ship’s structure.
me foming of condensation depends on the relationship of the follming
factore:
Outside temperature.
Inside surface temperature of the boundary.
Insulating ability and absorption resistance
of the boundary. .“
Inside dew-point temperatureand relative
humidity.
me inside aurfac”etemperature should not be asaumed to be the sme ao
the dry bulb temperature of the mbient comwrtment air. This surface temp- -..
erature is dependent upon the re8ifitanceto heat flow through the boundary,
the resistance of the inside surface film coefficient,and the total temp-
erature difference between the outside air or eurface and the inside air.
With the to and ti design temperaturesgiven, the inside surface temperat{lre
can be determined by using the resistance concept previously summarized in
quotations 18, 19 and 20 or by the follwing formula which is dependent on
the direction of air flow, where “rfi” is the re8iatance of the inside 6ur-
face film coefficient.
‘s= ti -ft: ‘fi)(NquatiOn 23)
30
If the inside ourface temwratwe (warm side) is lwer than the
ambient compartment alr dew-point temperature, moisture will condense on
the surface.
Condensation may occur either in visible or invisible form. If a
surface of insulating uterial or a Wnel of hydroscopic Wterial is not
properly sealed WIth Wint or an appropriate vapor barrier, condensation
maY.be absorbed by the material M fast as it forms on.the surface and
thue remain unnoticed until the mterial has reached its mimum satu-
ration point. me increase in the conductivity of the heat flow ~th due
to the presence of moisture in a bounda~ compartment wi11 have a detri-
mental effect in its Insukti on value. fie absorption process will force
the moisture tm~ard the colder surface of the metal structure.,bythe action
of the temperaturegradient, me moisture at the metal structure will
freeze when the metal surf ace temperature drops below the frost point. me
most effective control of concealed condensation involves the use of types
of insubtion having an effective npor barier bounding directly on the
warm ambient air. ~1 joints in the insulationand interfaces at framing
members, should be thoroughly sealed and taped to prevent thermosyphonic
seepage of alr frm the heated compartment into and through the insulation
or airspace behind the barrier.
me control of condensation is accomplished by providi~ sufficient
insulationto mintiin the interior gurface temperature above the pre-
vailing dewpot temperature of the compartment,by reducing the relative
humidity in the space, and by ventilation. Since the condensation depends
on factors previouslY mentioned, the method or combination of methodg to
overcome the problem can only be determined from a study of each individual
caee.
31
Determinationof the rquired Insulation thickness to prevent con-
densation can be accomplished as in the following example:
Assume a com~rtment temperature of 70°F and 50$ relative humidity
and outfiidetemperature of O°F. me boundary consists of steel deck, air
gpce and 3/~6°krine Veneer ceiling. Heat flow up to outside air. “k”
value of insuktion to be applied = .22. For resistance components, see
Figure 2 on p%e 2k.
men rb (inside film) = .bw
r5 (3/16”M.V.) = .125
r4 (Air Spwe) = .758
r2 (Steel) = .003
rl (Outside film) = .143
R =1.517
(0
From ~uation 23, tS = 70 - 7° x .488)
= 47;5°1.517
. .From psychometric chart, 70° Fdb and 50~ R.H. = 50.5° dew point. Since
the gurface temperature is lower than the dew point, condensationwill
occur, me use of in~ulation is therefore indicated. Since the dw
point temperature is 50.5° the allowable temperature drop in the film
cannot exceed 70°- 50.5°= 19.5°. men
~= Atxr6
td film(~uation 24)
= 70 X .488 = 1.75totalresistance required
19.50
1.75 - 1.517 = .233 additional resistance required.
Insulation at .22 “k” value; R =~ 4.54 Wr inch. Since only .233
reelatance is required, 1/2” insulationwill be sufficient to prevent
condengatlon.
me foregoing procedure for prevention of condeneation ham dealt vith
determinationof requirements for insulation on the steel pkting of decks,
bulkheads and @hell, If the insulation is installed continuously on the
plane side of the boundary, no trrntment of the stiffeners is required.
If, however, the insulation is installed between the stiffeners, the
stiffener surfaces may be subject to condensation due to the rapid rate of
heat transfer through the metal
fenei surface film. One of the
requirements is the ambient air
and the temperature drop across the atif- -
decidi~ factors in aetermini~ insulation
dew point temperature of the SPC e from
which the surface la absorbing heat.
In case of Fig. 2, the stiffeners are absorbing heat from the air
and hence the first step is to determine the tm for that swce aa
‘m”(-)Assuming the sme conditions as before,
insulation,we have from Muation 23
apcce,
follova:
(~uation 25)
and R corrected for the added
tS1
= ~o” - ( 70°(r6 + r, + r4)R
= 700 - (700)(1.371)= 44,T03.792
and ts2 = 70°- (7°0p + ‘5?
0= 70 - (70°)(.613) = 58.3°
then ~ =(ti? = 51.50
33
With the tm of the airs~ce determined, find the A t between the npce
and the outside air, and compute the surface temperature of the stiffener.
We have then a t - 51.5°- 0° . 51:5°
and
where
and
to= ..- (y) (~uation 26)
‘7 = the surface film conductance from the
RI =
airspace to the stiffener, horizontal
heat flow,
(r?+ r8+r1)
in which r8 is the mean heat flow Pth resistance through the steel from
the stiffener surface to the ourface
outelde air.
Thus we have
t, = .51.50-
From psychometric chart, with 51.5°
of the steel pbting bounding on the
[7(51.5) (.%3)11
= 7.9°.863+ .013+ .143
dry bulb temperature and assuming
the relative humidity of an effectlve~ sealed air spce to be 20%, we
find the dew point temperature in the space to be l~” . ~ain we find
that the surface temperature is
causing a condensation problem.
must be covered with insulation
lower than the dew point temperature,
To correct this, either the stiffener
of sufficient thickness (Muation 24),
or the resistance of the celling pnel mu8t be Increaged in
lower the dw point temperature of the airspace’to a degree
that of the stiffener surface.
order to
legs than
34
Dew point temperatures for corresponding relative humidities at given
Dry and Wet Mlb temperatures can be read directly from the Peychrometric
Chart, Figure 4, on we 35.
It should be noted that the insulation thicknesses determined by
these procedures sre rquired specifically for condensation prevention.
me final selection of insulation thicknese must take this into consideration
as well as thicknesses suitable for comfort, air conditioning, ventilation,
heating and control of fire.
.
Figure 4
PSYCHOMETRIC GliART
BAROMETRICPRESSURE29.92”MERCURf.IEETNO. T._ $..,—1-TT1T71’ T-I”,‘-USE TYPECOILolvFNA,ROOM LOAO. BTUInn. ....,
0,ROOM SLOPE.
c.REPLENISHMENT&IR.,!(
COILLOAD ,,.,
012,0
COILSLOPE
2.<
ENTERINGEFFECTIVETEMP..COILSELECTION ,,0
COILSLOPE.
E.T. ‘. ,,0
COILLOAD. TONS
USE AT F*U..
dOTE:MAXIMUMFACEVCLOCITY
SIZE FPM.46 a0042 800+3 60044 95045 52048 300
,.
A
35
36
S~~ON OF INS~ATION
Themal Insulation mterial of a thickness sufficient to economically
offset exceaslve heat tranemiseion thr~h boundaries, to provide a com-
fortable atmosphere in living and worki~ spaces, to protect perishable
stores and cargo, and tO preventconaensxtionof Moietureon the gh~p‘S
structure, ghall be j.ngtalledgenerally as follows:
On the inside gurfacee of those boundaries of heated apaceB which
are exposed to the weather, or surfaces bounding on unheated spaces.
On the inside surfaceg of those boundaries of air conditioned spaces
which are ex~sed to the weather, or eurfacee bounding on non-air condi-
tioned spaces located adjacent to or above, except gurfaces of bulkheads
which are comon to machinery and boiler room cagiws and to non-air
conditionedheat producing equi~ent gpaceg.
On the Ingide surface of those boundaries in non-air conditioned heat
producing equi~ent spaceg which are common to accommodation gpaces.
Inside gurfaceg of boundaries in such heat produci~ equiment spaces
which are expoged to cold weather shall be treated with anti-sweat Wint,
Vermic,lltiteor equal.
On the inside vertical eurfaces of boiler room and machinery casi~s
where exposed to accommodationand working a~ceg.
On overhead eurfaceg in boiler ~oom and mchine~ spaceg where ex-
posed to accommodationand worki% spaces. me insulation my be installed
either between deck beams inside of the space or in the form of an insul-
ated deck covering on top of the gteel plating.
On the overhead gurfaces in unheated space8 where bounding on heated
spceg. The insulation my either be installed.between the deck beams
inside of the spce, or in the form of an insubted deck coveri~ on top
of the steel phting.
For the ~rpose of Insulation, “unheated”spaces are consldered to,.. .
be all cargo holds, voids, and compartments havi~ tempemtures of 55
degrees or less when located over or adjacent to heated spaces, and those
having tempemtures of 45 degrees or leas when located under heated spces .
An industry stindard for thicknesses, t~es and densitiee of thermal
insulationwould be highly desirable, kt impracticabledue to the dif-
ferences In compartmentationof the various types of shiy, and differfng
climtic conditions at the routes and ports of call of different ships.
It is obvious that a ship running the North Atlantic in winter, or desiened.,,
for hctic conditions will require considembly more Insuktion than one .
desiened for coastal service in the tropics. me desired thickness for
comfort insu~t ion depends not only on the temperature differences between
the hot and cold aide, but also on the details of the conatmction, and
whether deck covering, sheathing, ceiling, or pnelllng is to be Inntalled.
Insulation denaltien a~ lW ao 1/2 to 1 pound per cubic foot can be used,
but 3 to 4 poundg per cubic foot Is more cmmon.
me U. S. Coast Guard regulationsj latest issue, are to be used to
define insulation typeg, dengity and congtmctions suitable to minimize
fire hazardg, and to prevent the spreading of fire. me therml value Of
fire protective mterials must be taken into consideration to avoid pyra-
midal effectn In the ingubtion design.
Congtructlon types involvingwood or tigneaite deck coverings, mrinite
bulkhead llningg or ceilings, Bound attenuation mterials etc. are acceptable
in lieu of Insulation provided the respective “U” vml11e8are compatible with
the insulationrequlremente for the prescribed condltion.
3a
me selection of insulation la theprerogative Of the designer or
Shlpbullder, and iS based on considerations including local contracting coste
shipyard instalktion pract~ce and the insulating wlue of deck covering,
oheathlng or interior trjm.
of an adequate design for a
vith the mximum “V” valuea
The only restriction imposed in develo~ent
therwl insulatio~ installation i9 compliflnce
listed in ~ble 2.
Ihe following requirementsare to be considered in gelectjon of
constmlctiontypeg from Tables 15 - 24 inclusive:
1.
2.
3.
...
For comfort insulation,do not exceed the mximum “U” values
recommended in ~ble 2.
Check selected typeg for condenaatlon prevention, wherq 8uch
problems exj9t. Where 9tlffener8,beam9,or frame6 re 1~ ire
in~ulation,the insulation need not extend more than .Q inche9
on tbe web from the point of interjectionwith the steel plati~.
For fire zone insulation,u8e only approved mterials of
thicknessesand densities listed in the latest U. ,S.Coast Guard
~uipment List.
.
TABLE 1.
DESIGN TEMPERATURESAND
M~lMUM TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN VARIOUS SPACES
See text “Selection of Insulation”
40
Table 2
Temperature dlfferenceB versuo “IJ”factors
me followlng table indicates the s~gested mximum ‘V” values, for
each constmction detail representing the rate of heat transmission in
B~/HR/SQ .FT./°F, upon wbi.chto base the Insuhtion requirements for
steel decks, bulkheads, and shell within the temperature difference ranges
ehown. Any type of construction other than ebown in the tables of “U”
values, and which i~ suitable for the ~rpose intended, such 88 eecondav
bulkheade and prtitions, decks with specific deck covering materials,
etc., i9 acceptable, prOvided it9 “U” value doeg not exceed the maxim~lm
indicated for the particular temperature difference in question.
Temperature differenceg: Wximum ‘V” value:
OF
O“to 15°............................. 1.75
16°to 30°............................. 0.37
31°t0 50°............................. 0.26
Over 50°............................. 0.16
41
w
MAT DISSIPA~ON FROM PSRSONN~
APPLICA~ON
312
Stateroom..................... .......Offices...............................Lou~ea ...............................Dance Floora..........................Dinni~ Room and Mess Rooms..........Pantries..............................~eatera ..............................Shoppi~ Area.........................Radio Rwm and Chart Rooma...........Waiters and Mess Attendant...........
;SNSIBLSHSATm/m
22020020027022029522020020095
LAmm
mvm180250300600330645180300250675
Q= Includes
heat for
30 B~/HR eensible heat and 30 ~/~ btent
dissi~tion from food.
@ ‘ Heat diasimtiOn from food not included. For heat
di6ai~tion from food warmers, toasters, coffee urns,
etc., see Chapter 13 of Ref. 3.
~TAL~ATmjm
40045050087o5509404005004501000
Table 4
Value9 of Smface Uefficiental
PNE SIDE
,,f~“
1
tmp.“k+‘F
fp
Mrection of Neat F
1 +D
fp’ ~fp
0.70 1.430
0.75 1.332
0.80 1.250
0.85 1.180
0.90 1.UO
0.95 1.050
1.00 1.00
1.05 .950
“1.M .9M
1.u .87o
1.20 .832
1.25 .800
fp
1.08
1.12
1.M
1.20
1.2L
I.2a
1.32
1.36
l.bo
1.&5
1.50
1.55
l/fp
.7&o
.7M
.925
ho” .a931.L1
.6ao
.65k
.629
.606
.5aa
.571
.553
. a63
600
70°
1.53——
.a32
.a061.59—-
Q .7al
.75a900 1.70
1.75
1.al
.735
.715
120° 1.a7 .535
.sla
.69o
.66?1300 1.93
.6b5.502
Notet USE a surface coefficientof 7.0 for decks or bWead~ eqosedto the weather, te~erature range 10° F. to - 10° F. Thi~ 18 anaverage coefficient evaluating the effects of tid, spr~, Mdrati.Use a surface coefficientof 37.0 for heat lees thm~ she~ tosea water in cooli~ seagon, and 25.O for heat ‘lossto aea inter hheating season,
43
Values of Smface Coeffioiente:
t
fs
SWfener aido - Heat ~OW UP
1 Frme 9padMtimpttte~. all 301, i 3611 b2n 1 L8*‘F.
fe ~fa fe ~fn f, ~fe fe Vf o fs Vfm
3oe 1.8L .5b2 1.80 .555 1.76 .569 1.72 .581 1.68 ●595
“h@ 1.91 .523 1.87 .535 1.33 .5b7 1.79 .550 1.75 .571
5.0 1.98 .505 1.9b .5U 1.90 .526 ~*86 .538 1.82 .550
600 2.07 .b83 2.03 .493 1.99 .5o2 1.9h ●5V 1.90 .526
Too 2.15 .L65 2.10 .476 2.05 ●h88 2.00 .500 1.96 .5~
80° 2.23 .448 2.18 .b58 2.13 ●~7Q 2.oE •~81 2“03 “~92
900 2.31 .L34 2.25 .M5 2.20 .455 2.U .465 2.~ .477
Moo 2.39 .418 2.33 .429 2.27 .~o 2*21 .452 2*M “~63
~o 2.47 0405 2.L1 ●JU 2.35 .~~ 2.29 ●437 2.23 ●U8
120° 2.55 .392 2.&8 ●L03 2.L2 .413 2-36 “~~ 2“3Q ●435
130° 2.63 .380 2.56 .391 2.L9 .Lol 2.43 .412 2“3~ ●~22
Uo” 2.71 .369 2.64 .379 2.57 .309 2.51 ● 398 2“~ “~ 8
44
Table 6
Valw9 of Sorface C0efficient9I
Stiffener side - }featFlow Ilorizontil.f
s~
Complttemp.
OF.
60°
700
80°
~oo
1300
Uo”
i
1.56 .6h0
1.62 .618
1.68].596
+
l.~b .575
1.8o .555
1.861.538
T1.93.5192.00.500
2.07.L83
2.U .L67
Frmo Spacing
301, 36II b2” ~8!,
fe l/fe fa l/fs fa l/fa fe yfa
1.39 .719 1.36 .736 1.3b.7L5 1.32 .758
1.L5 .690 1.k2 .705 l.bo .7s 1:38 .725
1.53 .653 1.50 .666 1.~7 .680 1.U .695
1.59 .629 1.56 .6b0 1.53 .653 1.50 .667
1.6h .610 1.61 .621 1.58 .632 1.55 .6L5
1.70 .588 1.66 .&2 1.63 .613 1.60 .625
1.76 .569 1.72 .581 1.68 .595 1.65 .606
1.82 .550 1.78 .562 1.7L .575 1.70 .588
1.88 .532 1.8L .5b3 1.80 .556 1.76 .569
1.95 .513 1.90 .526 1.% .538 1.82 .550
2.02.L95 1.97 .508 1.92 .521 1.88 .532
2.09.b79 2.Q .L90 1.?9 .503 1.9L .5UA
45
Tabh 7
Valma of SWfacO ~offioienti:
1
fsStiffemr side - Heat tilr b~n.
1@qlt Frw Swainz
tiq. 24. 30,1
or.f. ~fa fa Vfo
30° l.~ .870 1.U .893
b“ 1.x .832 1.17 .855I
~oo 1.25 .Mo 1.22 .82o
&o 1.30 .770 1.27 .788
700 1.35 .7bo 1.32 .758
8@ Lb .7s 1.37 .730
90° 1.45 .690 1.41 .7D
m“ 1.50 .668 1.L6 .685
Uo 1.55 .645 I1.51 .662
Uoo l.m .625 1.56 .641
Uo” 1.65 .606 1.60 .625
Mo” L?o .588 1.65 .606
36.
f. ~fn—
1.09 .918
1.u .a76
1.19 .8L0
1.A .a06
1.29 .775
1.34 .7L6
L 38 .725
1.42 .705
L.b7.6ao !
L52 .65a ~
1.56.$L2
1.60.625
&2’ h80
f. ~f e fa Vfa
1.07 .935 1.05 .953
1.12 .892 L ~ ●9U
1.17 .855 Lx .87o
1.22 .82o L20 .832
~26 .795 1.24 .8ti
1.31.764 L28 .781
L35 .7L0 L32 .758
LB .720 L% .735
1.43 .7W Lbo ●7S
1.4a
L52
1.56#
.676 1.44 .695
.658 L48 .675
.642 L52 .658
~e~ @nductance of ~ Syces.
Val~s given are lICI1= BTU/HR./SQ.FT./°F.
tintition:
Horizontal Heat Flow.................Heat Flow Oon ......................!
~SIDE AIR TO WTHERY
Heat Fbw ~ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .HefizontilHeat Flow.................Heat Flow Don .......................
Heat Flow @ .........................HorizontalHeat Flow.................Heat Fkw Ocwn.......................
I~DE AIR TO IM~E AIR!
@oling Sea90n:
Heat Fbw ~ .........................Mtizontal Heat Flow.................Heat Fbw Mm .......................
Heating Season:
Heat Flow @ .........................Horizontal Heat Flow.................Heat Flow hm .......................
@ = No Mstition
be:
11,
L.20LL.20L
L.~3.98o.718
1.068.995
L.1931.172
L.077
L.016.97L.973
21,
..216
..207
..317
..120.730
..261
..061
..3K
..186,.080
..153
..005.976
on acroeeAAr Spce I
~
..302
..222
,.5L9,.330.77L
.L70
.S8
.&85
.279
.088
.275
.oh9
.979
&,,
1.b371.230
1.8171.523.80b
1.691L.M6
L.652L.L53L.Ml
L.L06L.2ti.993
611
0
.733
.ml
.806
.992
.857
.535
.820
.613
.U1
.661
.960
.831
.396
.8L2
.
47
TABU 9
~e-1 Resistance of Air Spaces:
ValWs @ven are ‘lR1l= l/c.
Dtiension across Air Space1titition: 1,, 2,1 3“ ~tt 5,, 61,
@SOUR RAD~TION:
Horizontal Heat Flow................ .830 .822 .768 .696 ::: .577Heat Flow Dom ...................... .830 .828 .818 .813 .908
INSIDE AIR TO WT~i
Neat Flow ~ ........................ .907 .759 .6b5 .550 :;: .356HorizontalHeatFM ................ 1.020 .093 .752 .656 .502Heat FIowDem ...................... 1.393 1.370 1.292 1:2M 1.M1 1.U7,
IWIDE AIR ‘TOSM WATER:
Heat Flow m ........................ .936 .793 .680 .591 .L99 .39hHorizontal Heat Flow................ 1.005 .9b2 .795 .692 .m .5L9Heat Flow Dom ...................... 1.630
~SIDE AIR ~ ~SIDE AIRI
OOOMnR Season:
Heat Flow Op........................ .838 .760 .673 .605 .530 .b69Horizontal Heat Fbw ................ .853 .8L3 :;g .688 .616 .602Heat Flow Dom ...................... .928 .926 .9o8 .885 1.0L2
Heating Seasont
Heat Flow Up........................ .98L .867 .78h :;g .612 .5L6Horizontal Heat Flow................ 1.027 .995 .953 .728 .7UHeat Fbw km ...................... 1.028 1.025 1.021 1.007 .989 1.188
@ * NO ~sdation
THwL WNDUCTIV1rY OF COMMON WWDS I
Fir,Fir,Fir,Fir,Fir,Fir,Fti,Fir,Fir,Fir,
balsam, (Abieg bdgmea) ....................corkbark, (Abie9 mizonica ).................lowland, white, (Abie9 grandig).............noble, (Abie9 nobi~g )......................red, (Abies magnifiua)......................9ilver, (Abiea @biUa )....................wt]ite,(Abies concolor).....................C0ugla9, c0a9t type.........................OOuEhs, inland empire type.................Mugh9, mountin type......................
Omwood, black (Ny99a sylvatice).................Owwood, tupelo, (Nyeea aquatic)................Omood, blue, (Eucawtue glob~ua) .............Ommd, rod, (Uqtidmbar 9tyractilua)..........Oumbo, Umbo, (Bur9era gi~uba) .................
Hackberry, (Celtis occidenta~e ).................Haw, pem, (Cratiegu9 t0mento9a).............0...Hemlock, ea9tern, (Tau&a canadengis).............Hedock, muntdn, (T9uga merten9iana)...........Hedock, wegtern, (Tguga heterophylb )...........Hickory, bigleaf, (Iticorialacifioga)............Mckory, bitternut, (Mcorla cortifor~g )........Hickory, mckernut, (Wcoria ala)...............Wckory, nutmeg, (Mcoria Wrieticaefotig )......lUckory, pignut, (Wcoria glabra)................~ckory, 9hagbwk, (ticoria ova~) ...............Wckory, water, (Mcoria aquatica)...............Hol~, (Ilexopca) ..............................
Inkwood, (hothea panicdati) ....................
brch, wegtern, (kix occidenta~s ).............hurel, muntiin, (KaMa htifolia ).............kcuet, bhck, (hbinia peeudocacia).............bcu9t; honey; (Cletitaintriacanthog)....
Madrona, (Arbutus manziesil)..............Magnolia, cucmber, (Magnolia ac~nata )..MagnoMa, evergreen, (Magno~a grantifloraMagnoti, muntdn, (Magnolia fraaeri)....
. . . . . .
. . . . . .
. . . . . .
. . . . . .
. . . . . .ktiog~, (Swieteti a.)................. .......
;pecifi{;ravity
.3L
.28
.31
.35
.37
.35.35.L5.hl.ho
.b6
.L6
.62
.bb
.30
.49
.62
.38
.h3
.38
.62
.60
.&
.56
.66
.6b
.61
.50
.73
.L8
.62
.ti
.60
.58
.LL
.b6
.bo
.b6
lox
0.770.660.830.790.630.790.190.980.910.89
1.001.001.330.960.70
1.061.330.850.950.851.331.291.371.201.421.371.311.08
1.56
lob1.331.b21.29
1.250.961.000.891.00
Itent o15%
0.820.690.a7o.abO.a7o.~ho.8&lob0.960.9L
1.051.05l.bo1.020.73
1.12l.bo0.aa1.Wo.aal.bo1.35l.bh1.261.b71.LL1.371.M
1.63
1.101*4O1.L71.35
1.311.021.05;.:;.
re
20X
0.a50.730.91o.a70.91o.a70.a7l.Oa1.000.97
1.101.101.U1.060.77
1.16l.bb0.931.OL0.931.LLl.bol.~a1.321.55l.~a1.k21.la
1.69
1.Ul.kb1.551.LO
1.361.W1.100.971.10
THLWL CUNDUC’rlVITYOF ~FU>lONW~DS :
A9h, white, (Fr=inu9 ~ericana) ................Ash, white, (Frdnu8 BP.) ......................Ash, Oregon, (Fr=in~ Oregon)............. .....Ash, black, (Fradnug nigra).....................Ba9swood, merican, (TiMa ghbra )...............~ech, american, (Fagm grandifotia).............Birch, yellow, (Betda lutes)....................Birch, gray, (Betti pop~ifo~a) ................Birch, paper, (Betfia papyrifera)................Birch, sweet, (Betti lenti).....................Birch, Ala9ka, (Beth daskana) .................Blackgum, (Nys9a 9ylvatlu) ......................Blackwood, (Adcemia nitida)....................Buckeye,yellow, (Aescdu9 octin~a).. ...........Butternut, (Jugbns cinerea).....................Buttonwood, Florida, (Conocarpua erects).........Cagcaa, (Wwm purshima) .....................Catilpa, (Catolpa gpecioga)......................Cedar, white, northern, (muja occiden~~s ).....Cedar, red, ea9tern, (Juniperue virginiana)......Cedar, red, wegtern, (Thuja pMcate) .............udar, white, gouthern, (Chmecyperis thyoides).Cedw, Port Orford, (Ch-ecyparie lawsotim)...@&r, ~aska, (hecyxris nootkatengis)......Cedar, incense, (Hbocedrw decurrene)...........Cherry, black (Prunue serotina).................Cherry, pin, {Prunue pennsylvanica)..............Chestnut, (Castenea dentate).....................~ttinwood, black, (Poptiu9 trichocarpe).........Cottonwood, eastern,(POP~U6 deltiidea)..........Cypres9, aontbern, (Tmodium diatichm).. ........Oegwood, fhwering, (Cornue Florida).............Mgwood, Pacific,(timm nuttiUll) ..............muglas Mr, coagt, (Pseudotguga t=ifo~a )......Mugka Fir, Inlmd, (Peaudotguga ttiolia) ....1bugla9 Fir, M.untain (Pseudotauga ttifolia) ....I;lder,blueberry,(Sambucu9 coerulea)..............-, merican, (U~u9 Americana).................Eh, rock, (Utie racemsa )......................Eh, a~ppery, (Ulmu9 f~va) .....................Fir, alpine, (Abiea laeiocerpa)..................
>ecificratityI
.55
.5L
.50
.&s
.32
.56
.55
.h5
.L8
.60
.b9
.L6
.83
.33
.36
.69
.50
.38
.29
.M
.31
.31
.ko
.b2
.35
.h7
.36
.Lo
.32
.37
.L2
.4
.58
.b5
.kl
.Lo
.L6:$
.L8
.31
Ilk
10%
1.181.161.080.980.7L1.201.180.9alob1.291.06l.m1.790.760.all.bal.OaO.a5o.6a0.960.720.720.a90.930.791.02o.alO.a9o.7k0.a30.931.371.250.900.910.a91.00l.m1.22lob0.72
‘orkloiatureIntentc15b
l.zh1.221.Ulob0.761.261.2&lob1.101.351.121.051.a60.79o.a6l.sb1.uo.aa0.721.020.7ho.7h0.9L0.9ao.&l.Oao.a60.9L0.760.a70.9a1.M1.31lob0.96:.:;
1:051.281.100.74
204——
1.301.27l.lal.Oa0.811.321.30l.oa1.U1.LO1.M1.M1.920.a30.a91.60l.la0.930.751.060.790.790.971.020.a71.120.a90.970.al0.911.02l.ba1.36l.Oa1.000.971.10
:$1.M0.79
50 Table M
Maple, bigleaf, (Acer mcrophyllm )..............Maple, black,(Acer nigrm) .......................Maple, red, (Acerrubm) ........................ttiple,silve~, (Acer 9accbinm) ................Maple, 9triped, (Acer penn9ylvaficm). ...........Maple, 9~ar, (Acer saccham) ...................
oak,Oak,Oak,Oak,oak,oak,oak,oak,O&,Oek,Oak,oak,oak,oak,oak,Oak,oak,oak,oak,oak,
Hne,Pine,Mne,Mne,Hno,Pine,Hne,Mne,Pine,~ne,~ne,fine,Hne,,Mne,Mne,Hne,14ne,
1I(
1I1111
(
1
1I1
~lack,(Quercue velutina)....................our, (Quercue mcrocarpa) ..................;aliforniablack;(Quercue kelloggii)........:anyon Uve, (Quercue chryeolepie)..........:hegtnut, (@ercue rent- )................lawel, (Quercue laurifo~a) ................Uve, (Quercuetireinlana)..................lreeon whiti, (@ercue garryana)............?in,(Quercue palustris)...........’.....~st, (Quercue 9telhta )................red,(Quercus borealie).................IockyMountain White,(Quercue utahensiascarlet,(Quercue coccinea).............southernred,(Quercu9 rubra)...........
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .3wmp red,(Quercw rubra~godaefo~a)......3wamp che9tnut,(Quercu9 prinue).............3wamp white, (@ercua bicolor)..............Jater,(Quercue tiara).........,.............~~te, ( @ercue ala)............. .........tillow,(@ercue phe~oa )....................
jack,(Pin~ bankeiana)....................Jeffrey, (Mnua jeffreyi)..................umber, (Mnus fleti~e) ...................loblo~y, (Mnus tied)....................lodeepole, (Pinu9 contirti)................bnglmf, (Mnu9 paluetris).................muntain, (Mnue puneene)..................northern white, (Mnu9 strobua)............Norwayl (Mnua resino9a)...................pitch, (Mnw rigid)................ ......pond, (Pinue rieida 9erotina)..............sand, (Hnus ectinata).....................ehortleof, (Pinue echinata)................gkh, (PInug caribaea)....................eugar, (Pinue ti[bertiana).................weetern white, (Ianue monticob) ...........western yellow, (Pinue ponderoea)..........
;pecfliclratityi
.Lh
.52
.L9
.ll&:;;
.56
.58
.51
.70
.57
.56
.81
.a
.58
.60
.56
.62
.62
.52
.61●6O.6L.56.6o.56
.39
.37
.37
.50
.38
.55
.h9
.3L
.Lh
.&5
.50
.L5
.L9
.6L
.35
.36
.38
10%
0.961.121.060.960.961.22
1.201.251.101.501.221.201.751.371.251.291.201.331.331.121.311.291.371.201.291.20
0.870.830.831.080.851.181.060.770.960.981.080.981.061.370.790.810.85
1.021.181.121.021.021.28
1.261.311.161.561.281.261.811.4L1.311.351.261.ho1.LO1.181.371.351.4L1.261.351.26
0.920.870.871.N0.881.2L1.120.821.021.Ob1.u1.OL1.12l.Lb0.8L0.860.88
——20$
1.061.231.161.061.061.3
1.321.361.211.631.3h1.321.861.481.361.LO1.32l.kbl.bh1.23l.bz1.LO1.L81.32l.&o1.32
0.950.910.911.180.931.301.160.851.061.081.181.081.161.L80.870.890.93
,,Popkr, balsam,(Popdue balsatifera)...............Popbr, ye~ow, (Pop~u liriodendron tdlpifera )..
Redwood, (Seqtiia sempefirena )....................Rhododentin, great, (~ododendron _um) ........
Spruce, b~ck, (Mcea Diana ).....................Spruce, Mgeknn (Mcea engek~i) ..............Spruce, red, (Mcea rubra).........................Spruce, Sitka, (Hcea sitchenais)..................Spruce, white, (Hcea ghua) ......................Sycmre, (Phtanu occidentals )..................
Tuack, (Mfi laricina).........................Teak, (Tektcna grants)............................
Walnut, bhck, (J~lans tiara).....................Walnut, Mttle, (Jughns rupestrls)................WIUOW, bbck, (Salti tiara).......................Wi~ow, western bbck, (Salk lasiandra)...........Witch Haael (-eMe tirgitiana).................
Xew, Pacifio, (Tw brevifolia)...................
pec~ilratity
.30
.38
.hi
.50
.38
.31
.38
.37
.37
.b6
.L9
.58
.51
.53
.3b
.39
.56
Ilkn
Dx
0.700.85
0.911.08
0.850.720.850.830.831.00
1.061.25
1.Ml.ti0.770.871.20
1.29
)rMoistureltentw
0.730.88
0.961.U
0.880.7L0.880.870.871.05
1.121.31
1.M1.200.820.921.26
1.35
0.770.93
1.W1.18
0.930.790.930.910.911.M
1.161.36
1.211.250.850.951.32
1.LO
Note No. 1. The average specific gratity listed in the first colm is baeedonvolme when green, and weight when even ~. To ob~n the weight inpounds per cubic foot, mdtip~ the qpecific gravity by 62.b whichisthe weightof waterin pounds ~r cubic foot.
Note No. 2: ‘Theabove the-l conductivity coefficient have been derived from in-forwtion contdned in U. S. Fore9tProduots kboratory, hdiaon, Wis.,“Tecl.llcalN0tu9 No. 218 and 2h8.
52gblq 11.
@nductitity or Conductance of Institing titerial.
Values are givenat 75°Fmean temperate.
Wterfil: SFbol Nkal nC*
Acouatio Ins@tion Board (Oektex) ............... Ml. .3L0
Bacite@ld Set InsulationCement,38............. ~G .350“BXSpintex,6# Bhnket Instition................. Bx .40
OelotexAceuetlcBoard............................ ml. .3koWllufoem, (haofite)............................. cm .260Oement,In9&ting, “SUPER-66’’.................... :-$ .L90kment, Institlng,“SUPER-~8”, &# ............... - .Mo@rk Pdnt, Grantitid,8#........................ OKCK 1.m
Foamghs8, Ilpcll,.............. ................*. mu .395Foamthane,(Wgid Pow-Urethane).................. FTSW .170Fibergha Board,b.25#............................ FR~~ .*OFiberghs Board,9#............................... FS9 .230FibergMss Blanket,PF-334........................ FGo.5 .30FiberglassBMet, PF-336........................ F~l .2h5Fiberghgg,UltraliteBhnket, 0.75#.............. FGO.75 .295Fiberghge,~tralite Bhtiet, 1.001.............. FGL? .275Fiberghes,~tralite Bhnket, 1.50#.............. ;~;i5{l .255Fiberghgg,~tralite Bhnket, 2.00if.............. .40Fiberghga Bhnket, Mcrolite, %305 .............. B-305 .2hFiberghgs BHet, UtraMte, 3.00#.............. FG3# .225
tiirFelt,U-131................................. w .20
KayloB1o*, (85%OaloiumSiMcate)............... KAYM .375
Mgnegia Block(85%Oarbonateof Magneala)....... mK .510MONO-B~W, 18-20},FeltedNochool.............. MOWS .600finaralwoolBhnket, 8#......................... . Nw-8# .235Mneral Wool Bhnket, 6#......................... w-6# .&o~neral wool Bhnket tfL8tt,8#.................... Nw-b8-8 :%Mneral WOO1 BWet, l!h8!t,6#.................... m-L&6
~MPAN, (Xnded Mustyrene) ................. pm .240
53
Table11.
Oonductitityor Conductanceof fistitlneMaterial
Valws are giwn at 75°Fmean tem~ratue.
Wteria18 Sflbol: Nkfi “Ctt
NOCWO1 BWet, 8#.............................. W8 .235NO&wool Btiet, 6}.............................. -6 .&o
Spintex,BX, 6#.................................. Bx .tioSprayhpt, (Asbeston~ber), 12#.............. SPL :;;Stpfom ........................................ STXN
THW (Mold UreMne Fore) .................... THUN .170~emobestos Blo& ................................ THW .325
~TWNg (M@d Fom) ............................. ~TH .170
Vetictite (~nded Wa), 50ffaggregate....... ~ l.moVedctite A~regate Spr~ (Mea)............... 1.700
VULTAFW (Pou-Urethne) ~2 sprayed............ w-w .aoVULWOAN (~v-Urat@e) CC13Fsprwed.......... WA .s7
NO~I Valuesgivenfor any eprqed p~stiasare for aged cotittin.
54
Table12.
tinductltityor Conductance of Panels and Boards.
Valwe are givenat 75°Fmean timperatme.
Materialt S*O1 ,,kll ncm
A9besto9-@ment Board (APACE)..................... APAC h.~Aebestos-CementSheet, 3/88s(123iY)................ AG123 -’-- 7.20A9beetoa Sheet, b8.3#............................. M-48 .W
OA~YSTO~ Wallboard, 3/16N...................... m ---- 21.boM~YSTO~ Sheathing Agbestos bard, 3/16”........ WA ---- 21.LOCEmTEX, Acouetic Panel.......................... Ml .340tirkboard, 7#...............................”..... CM7 .270Urkboard, ~# ................................... Cmu .3L0
Unabegtog Board................................. UB b.000
~rine Board,60-P (Ni~n Asbegtoa) 7/8~*panel.. Mm .7X .8titiiw Board,WP (Nipwn Agbes~e) 7/8”Pael. MBMO 1.LOO 1.600
tiinite 23$,7/8”panel......................... M-23 .550 .628~nite 36},7/8”pail ......................... M-36 .76o .868tiitite 65,Y,7/8’1pail ......................... M-65 1.500 1.718
brim veneer,3/16npanel....................... M.V. 1.500 8.OWwine Veneer,perforated~ound,3/16qpanel..... P.M.V. 1.880 10.030
tiwtite, StindardPregt~od..................... WP l.boohaotite, TemperedPregtwood..................... Mtp 1.500w90tite, Preetwood,Die Stick................... Mds 1.850hgonite, Panelmod.............................. Mpw .78o
,,.
P~ood, ~whs U, Pres9uretreated........... Plwd .78o
.>
~
Oonduotivityor Conductiveof Deck OoveringMatefib I
Vduoa are givenat 75°Fmean bprat
Wtiriall
‘OOWLWn W@eaita ................................~nvae, aet in badand paintad...................
D=-&~, ~h” Subcoten........................D~-G~, Terrazzo(Mtex-matio)................
Fiberghae tinete, 65%, tnwebd-on .............
Uobm, SettbaMp Gray,~~ ...................
~gneeite, Regti Soratah.....(Selby# 9@Wl)...~gneeite, Matited Scratch...(Selby# 92-0~)..o~meei~, Wom~~On ........(Selby # 7K).......Mgneaite, Hard mat ...........(Salby# WO02)..4~gneeiti, SelbatexRerd Top......................
~~bond @, ~b” bondingmedia..................mgnabond #3, w“ bon~nsme~.................~
mTsx ...........................................
Tib. .. . . . ..o.....................................
Mm t For woodde~ coveri~ aee Tabh M.
aWV
DxmT%O
Pm
m
ma
H7KMoSTX
nomHOD3
WI
TIU
nkll
1.8&----
1.3s06.3S0
2.000
—-..
5.m1.880.7006.m6.~
1.3s0L.bm
4.4M
12.000
55
8Ga
1.250
1.-
%
Conductivityor Conductanceof Itismllmeow Materials.
Val~e givenare at 75°Fm- temperat-.
Mterial: s~bol Nkm ❑ Cn
—
Alhum A~oys .................................... a. y~;.;Stiel.............................................. Stl. .
FreahWatir..;..................................... N b.05S6a Watar.......................................... SW b.02
Paper,Roofing,Heav Ron ........................ Pap --- 6.50
f
had .............................................. bad Moo
Rhber, ❑oft,5~. ................................ *S 1.22R~ber, eoft,e~tied, &.8#...................... m-x .boR@ber, krd, 7k.3#............................... ~H 1::Rubbr, Ce~tir, 3.7- 7.5)...................... w-o
knm Heatfbw q to 0° veatherairpaaing: fromcomNr@nt timporat-:
100 zoo 300 Loo 5.0 ho 7.0 &o
18. 1.257 1.388 Lh78 1.557 1.620 1.676 1.725 1.775~. 1.235 1.3U 1.L57 1.537 1.590 1.658 1.707 1.754~. 1.213 1.335 Lb20 1.&9b 1.551 1.605 1.651 L69036n 1.2W 1.326 l.bM 1.L86 1,5L3 1.597 1.6Jh 1.605L2” 1.107 1.306 1.39h L 46& 1.519 1.574 1.620 1.661ho- 1.173 1.VI 1.371 LL40 1.L95 L5M 1.590 L630
fieideWftioe 1.53° 3.1505.w” 6.80° 8.90° .U.OOO13.20°15.60°Tomp;
I Frm I Horizontalheatfkw to 0° weatherafi [
K9paoingl
Mo
18. 1.068&“ 1.05030. 1.03636n 1.022L2” 1.012~8,1 1.005
tiBitiWfaM 1.27°Tap I
from com rb
ESo 300 boo
1.172 1.Xl 1.3~1.155 1.229 1.301.138 1.2~ 1.2671.123 1.195 1.2521.U 1.182 1.239l.~1 1.167 1.223
2.60° L.M” 5.50°
nt terneratw
T
500 600
1.365 1.4~1.342 1.3891.3U 1.3581.302 1.3461.287 1.3291.270 1.3M
T7.20° 9.00°
:
T7~o 80°
u~6 1.L991.L35 1.&78l.hOO LL381.390 1.4281.370 LL08L350 ~ .390
D.ao” 12.60°
7 ●
Fr- Heatflow&m to O“ weatherairSpaoiog: f~m oompor~nt temperatm:
Uo 200 300 Loo 5.0 @o 700 Mo
18. .949 1.03b 1.099 L 152 1.200 1.246 L 285 L312~“ .930 1.012 1.078 1.131 1.180 1.225 1.26L 1.29530U .922 1.003 L064 1.M 1.M2 1.2oh 1.2b 1.270~“ .907 .988 1.050 1.M2 LU7 1.188 L 22L 1.252L2” .9W ●979 1.039 1.090 1.135 L177 1.2U 1.aobon .a96 .972 1.030 1.080 1.U2 1.U3 “LU9 L223
boideSwfaoa 0.80° 1.70° 2.80° 3.90° 5.20° 6.50° a.m” 9.90°Tmp I
oII
*
m Table15Valuesof “U’t
181, 1.2ob 1.518 1.663 1.770 1.8602b” 1.172 1.11701.625 1.732 1.82130. 1.171 1.b68 1.608 1.715 1.79536. 1.U7 1.b30 1.58b 1.691 1.7’{5b2n 1.139 1.k20 1.570 1.669 1.750hen 1.135 1.b19 1.552 1.648 1.78 &
1.9361.8961.861.l.8L31.8191.795
31.bo”mmSurface28.11°28.70°29 30° 30.00°30.70°
Ymo Horizontalheatfkw to 28°F.seawter
pcing t fMm w
300 I boo I5.0
~rhe
60°
1.4861.4b71.L371.k161.4031.391
a .50°
t temp
&
1.5s91.5191.5071.h861.b701.h56
ratme
F
1.6221.5831.5651.5LL1.5271.5U
f ~~
tl. or Al.180
1[1.050 .284 1.397
24u .022 .249 1.36b30. .027 .256 1.35636~ .003 .233 .33hL2U .998 .2U .322b8n .997 .2Q .3U
30.70’30.10
~artmenttemw raturf
80°
from cc
~
1.2301.1901.1921.1721.U31.156
-
700
1.3581.3221.3171.2951.2861.275
90°6001.2981.2631.2601.2401.2281.221
.937 1.136
.917 1.M4
.925 1.ML
.903 1.083
.900 1.o76
.900 1.070
1..4111.37b1.3671.301.33L1.323
29.60’28.80’29.20< 30.20’
I
=Value e of “u’!
oIIMide Air b Mside Air.No ba~ation
HeatflowUP fmm 70°F.compar~nt timp.b- compartmenttemp:
W“ 30° bo” 50°1.128 1.115 1.09b 1.0681.096 1.08b 1.065 1.0381.06$ 1.05b 1.036 1.0151.oh9 1.Oko 1.022 .9981.032 1.022 1.005 .9831.000 1.000 .981 .965
h6.h9°51.37°56.23°61.01°
60°
1.023.992.973.957.9h2.927
F.979.952.932.9U.903.889
1.1531.1201.0861.0731.0531.025
1.Uo1.3061.07b1.0611.01131.017
- Stl. or U.
36.L6C0.58( 65.67Cj7.92’
uHofinontalheatfkw from70 comwrtmenttamp.
b~
.920
.891
.876
.858
.8b5
.831
,5.85<
lpartm
300 ~
.892
.863
.85o
.833
.819
.808
0.61
100 ~
.863
.835
.82A
.805
.795
.786
j5.L2°
00
{
Sti. or Al.
.92b
.895
.880
.862
.8L9
.83k
&o.9L’
.835
.807
.799
.780
.771
.762
17.77C
.929
.899
.883
.865
.852
.837
)6.OO<
.916
.886
.870
.852
.839
.826
;..80(
.907
.875
.863
.81i~
.831
.818
;5.73a
Heatflowdownfmm 70QF.mmpwtment temp.to compartment tempi
30° I Loo I 500 I 600 65°10°0“, 1 I
.765
.738
.728
.709
.699
.760
.732
.722
.70&
.695
.685
.755
.728
.718
.701
.691
.682
.7L8
.721
.712
.695
.68L
.677
.731
.70L
.698::;:
.6ti
,767.7L0.730.7U
.763
.736
.726
.707
.698
.688
.7ti
.685
.68L
.662
.655
.6L9
57.L9°
.700
t
.691 .69o
32.80°38.17( I118.80°5A.2L”I59.57°6k.87’hsideSurfacaTemp.
60
ValMa of nun
No fistition. oII
—
F bnatrvotAon: Oondition:t 4u & D
Soti ~tiation............ ---- 1.755 1.6UWeatherAir b fisideti.. 1.b91 1.320 1.206
s. Sea wateru Mside Ati....l.be~ 1.3@ 1.198
Stl. or Al. fiside Air to ~eide Ati... 1.U3 .930 ..801
L hside Air to WeatherA*., 1.6U 1.390 1.22kw. hside Air to SeA WAter..i. 1.775 1.b86 1.295
heide Air to ~lde Air... .998 .833 .695
F
3. Sohr ~diation...,........ See Ncteen Fage 8
Wtiv ohs6 hside Air to Wide ti... .82
9@le -e
w. IneideAir b Weather~.. 1.Uheide Air to heide Ati... .75
k ,
Uhdov Ohsa s. Sob btiation............ See Nction Fage 8
~e-~ fisldefir to fiside~... .53
* * 9~oe
w.hsida Air b Weather~.. :8Maide Mr to IneideAti...
1“
s. Msib Air h ~ide Ati... .59 .50 .b3
~2fl%36#
W* beide Air to hdde U... .55 .b7 .39
~
s. haide Air b ~ide M... .7L .61 .50
~2ti&65#
w. hide Ur to hide fir... .69 .56 .M
S - Ooo~ Sea80n W - Heating Seaaon
61
—
P—
;.
—
i.
—
f.
—
1.
—
).
—
tinehtion:
*
5/8N&65#‘JoinerShd
la M Spaoe
t
SheetWtelJohr Shd.
1*’1Air S~oe
rSU. or U.
Tabb ~.
Vdws of nun.
No Mstition
—
s.
—
w.
—
s.
—
u.
—
s.
—
w.
—
s.
—
w.
—
s.
—
w.
—
@ndition:
Mside Air to hside Air...
InsideAir b IMide Air...
haide Air b kids Air...
hside Air to hside Air...
t
uA J
D
.h31 .376 .319
.bo7 .35b .285
.313
.283
.L25
.373
---- .736 .5U.7M .591 .363.767 .6u .361.609 .b73 .330
.882 .686 .U2
.935 :~y .359
.537 .281
.673 .b79:G .550 .3L7..- .571 .3b6.567 .U7 .317
.796 .633 .393
.Wo .657 ---
.5@ .398 .272
S _ 000bg Season ‘U= HeatingSeamen
3oh Sediation............ieatherAir to hsida Air..jeaWaterto hside Air....hside Air b hside h...
baide b to WeatherM..kside Air to Sea Water....kside Air to bide Air...
lolarNadietion............ieather~ to ~aide Air..;eaWaterto tiside&....baide Air to haide Air...
~side * to WeatherM..Wde Air to Sea Watir....knide tir ti IneideAir...
oII
62
Table 15
Valwa of l:u~
No hstition oII
ID-—.382.293.82.2?2
—
Yw
—-
M.
Untition:~
u
----.SW----.h35
—
s.
—
w.
—
s.
—
w.
—
s,
—
w<
—
s.
—
w.
—
s.
—
w.
—
5ohr Ihtiation............deather Ah to Inside Air..Sea Water to Ineide Mr....Ineide Air to Ingide Air...
~ Stl.or Al.
Inside fir to Weather Air..Ingide Air to Sea Watir....Ingide h to Ingide fir...
.559
.580
.397
----.6L0----.507
.683
.7U
.b56
.b73
.L86
.328
.590
.L93
.5M
.ho9
.559
.577
.367
.325----.238
.k36
.3a
.322
.298
Solar htiation ............Weather Air to Inside Ati..Sea Water to ~side fir....Ingido Air to hgide Air...—
~ Stl.or Al.
u.
Ineide Air to Weather Air..Inside Ati ti Sea Water....Mside Air to hide fir...
.363
.257.
—
PStl.or Al.
7/8qvM-;6#
hside Air to Inside Mr...(120°- 80°)
.330
—.—
.89
u.
Ingide Air to Mside Ah..(700-500 )
.398
.352
.36o
.307
.321
.%6
.255
.239
Solar fi~ation ............Weather Air b ~eide Ah..Sea Water to ~side Air....~gide Air to figide Air...
----
.ho7----.358K
Stl.or Al.
7/88tM-36ff
13.
.h38
.L51
.332
----.699----.567
.280----.213
.b79
.3h7
.3L6
.317
tieide Air to Weather ti..~aide Air to Sea Water....hside Mr h hgide Ah...
Sok ~dation ............Weather Air to figide ~..Sea Water b ks~de Air....fisidefir b bgide -...
~ Stl. or U.
u.
—
.633
.657
.398
hgide Air b WeatherAir.,hgide Air to Sea Water....InsideAir to hai.deMr...
.796
.8~o
.50b
.393----.272
V “ Heatig Seaeen
63Table#
.
Valuesof !lUn
No ~suktion oII
~e @na*otionl tinditiontt +u & D
,..
Sohr ~diation...........Weatherti b InsideAir
s. Sea waterto xneide~r* ● ●
15.haide Air ti Ineidefir..
IneideAir b Weatbr Urw. IneideAir to Sea Water...
Insideh to hside Air..
s.
U.
w.
s.
J7. __—. . .—
w.
“ s.
18.
w.
s.
19.
u.
.
.
S - ~oling SeaeOn W - HeatingSeason
Tabk ti.
Vdwe of 88u!!
fisideAir to Weatherh.
l!!Inotition. 118
fimpaoingt
18. i~“30.34.
b2”~8t,
heidefIW ace
TampI—-
—.. -hemepacingI
18.24m3on%“4211~e,,
hddeurfaceTempI
———bamopaoing:
18.
24”30,,36u~21t48n
Heatfbw up to O“ weatherah
~
.544
.544
.518
.507
.L83
.&5h
710
.L89 .5o6 .52o .532
.La? .50L .518 .530
.h70 .b8k .L96 .506;~; :~g .h8h .b9L
.&6h ●L73.&18 .b28 .L36 .U6
1 ,. 1
35° M“ 53° 62°9° 17° 26°
I I
Horizontalheatfkw b 0° weatherairfromCorartmenttemDf ature
60°
.h63
.460:;;;
.h23
.405
200 300
.k23
.418
.402
.398
.306
.37&
26°
.377
.372
.365
.356
.350
.3L4
8°
.bo3
.3W
.389
.380
.372
.363
170
.L39:::;
.412boo.386
3L” h2° 510 69°
~
.M
.440
.L21
.bm
.bos
.391
6P
Heat fkw dom to 0° weatherahj
200
.367
.359
.356
.3L6
.3L0
.335
om com tmant tem rat~e I
m
3.0 &oo 5.0 60°—
.383 .398 .413 .L22
.377 .391 ●Lob .LM
.370 .382 .393 .bo2
.361 .37~ .386 .396~~;~ .366 .377 .387
.358 .367 .375
700100
:;g
.412
.L08,398.385
570
.347
.339
.337
.327
.323
.320
23° I310 &oO 480
I 1 1
TableM
valuesof “u‘t
h9ide Air to Sea Water.1!,~~~*t~~~
65
1II
1Frmepcing:
300
18*8 .L052b“ .39530W .39136m .380~211 :3&3~Bt#
InsideUrface 29.73=Tempt
Iieatflow up to 2U”F. sea watir Iahmwratura:
80° 90° 1000
.5L5;;$
.50L
.b8b
.L58
73.77°
bo”
.b63
.b56:g
.b21
.bo5
50° 600-
70°
.5M
.5m
.L81
.L77
.L62
.M1
.530
.527
.L95:$;
.M9
.b93
.L87
.L6L
.L59
.LL7
.L27
#tl. or Al.
. .
55.93’6L.791 ,’
&
‘{Stl.or Al.,8~e~tio~
=
}Iorizontalheatflowb 28”F.aeawaterfrem com~rtie t temperature
900 1000
J300
l~n .3682L” .36330n .36136,, .350.~2. .3A5L811 .M
hsideSurface 29.67CTempI
q~o 60°
.bti
.L56
.M2
.L35
.L22
.4081 ,
I
38.oflk6.50055.00063.52°72.12°
66Table 16
Vduas of !VUIU
InsideAir to IngideAir,
in ~9ulati0n 1II
Frame I Heat fbw up from 70°F. mm artmant temp.I
b compartment ten
500
1tio 65°
.U5 .434
.L37 .b28
.L21 .L1O
.k16 .L05
.boh .395
.390 .381
)8.92°@.b6°
Uo
.L80
.h76
.bL7
.446
.b31
.ho5
boo
la,,
2b“301136.~2!,b8n
naidaurfaceampt
.L79
.L73
.hk5
.M3
.b30
.L04
.L67
.L6L
.438
.h37
.b23
.&02
6.790
.L59
.b5h
.&33
.b29
.b17
.399
j7.85°
~ Stl. or U.
.—
62.72° 13.73CX.7L065.76C
—— —_—
=-r Horizontal heat flow from 70°F. compartment temp. 1SpacingI b compartmenttemp:
00 ~o 200 300 boo ~oo @o 65°
18,t .b2b .~23 .422 .L20 .419 .L152b“
.J105 .395.LM .L15 .ku
30. ::; .bol•~13 .1109 .bo5 .396
;p2 .399 .398 .397 .387 :;:;36n .393~2,,
.391 .390 .389 .379 :;$.38h .383 .382 .381 .380 .377. .371
4Bi, .372 .371 .370 .369 .368 .366 .362 .356
InsideSurface 61.19°62.39°63.62°64.84°66.09°67..39°68.68069.34°TempI
Heat flow dom from 70°F. compartment temu.bejpacing
18,,~,,301!36,,
L2”~8t1
h9idaIWfaceremp;
to compartment tel..
):
~
.387
.375
.371
.362
.353
.3k8
-300
.389
.378
.373
.362
.356
.3h8
~
.389
.377
.372
.362
.355
.3h8
100 65°200
.389
.379
.373
.362
.356
.3b8
.389
.379
.373
.362:;::
;8.22°
.389
.379
.373
.362:;;;
.380
.370
.368
.357
.350
.3L5
;8.210
.37L
.363
.362
.351
.3L5
.341
+tl. or Al.
l’thatition
;9.82°11.b5c )3.08( b.76c 19.10°
Table~
value of nun
1. Ina~latiOn 1II
P Oonst-tion: @ndAtini tu
A {D
Solarbtiation............ --- .5W .b8bWeather,firto hside fir.. .L80 .h52 .L29
s. sea water~ ~aide ~.. .. --- .L31 .Lu~side Air to hside fir....L71 .b3b .L05
m L1. ~~fition
~side fir to WeatherMr.. .b9b .&6 .bo8w. ~gide Air h Sea Water.... .k91 .U8 ----
~eide fir h hside Air... .L29 .389 .362
Soti Satiation............ --- .365 .357Weatherfir to ~side Air...3L5 .%0 .330
s. Sea watarto IneideAir.... --- .333 .326Mslde fir to Wide fir...●3n .3M .300
10 ~efi~ontisidetir to WeatharAir.. .33b .318 .301;
w. field.tir h Sea Water.... .3U .330 ----;Inskdefir to E.sidetir....301 .283 .271
SolarSatiation............ ---- .a3 .2L5
Stl.or Al. WeatherAir to ~aide ~.. .225 .2B ::;:”s. Sea Waterto Mgide Air...* ---- .229
hgide Air b IneideAir....2U ;207- .19922
lU ~~~tion Wgide Air to WeatherW.. .210 .206 .198w. fisidefir b Sea Water.... .220 .217 ----
bglde Air to ~side Air....192 .183 .179
1. ~g~tion SolarSatiation............ ---- .359 .317Weathertir b Wgide ti.. .351 ,320 .266
s. Sea Waterto hside . .... ---- .98 .257IngideAir to Mgide Air... .359 .323 .273
tisidefir ti Weathar~. . .380 03% .277w. hside Air to Sea Water.... .37b .331 ---
hgida U b Wide Air... .3ti .287 .ao
la ~&tio~
k
SolarSatiation........... ---- .28L .257Stl.or Al.
s.Weatherfir to -Ida &. . .273 .2& .2aSea Waterb ~ide Air.... ---- .~8 .221....
a ::” 10 ‘:~side W h ~ide ti.. . .270 .253 .221
tiel ~ting tilde Air to WeatherAir.. .278 .257 .223
s.M.wg w. tiaideAir h Sea Water.... .282 .262 ----tiide Air b Insideti.. . .&s .2* .U7
S - Whg Seeeon W - Hea~ Seaeon
Table16.
——.
m ConstructionI Wndi tlontt
u !{, 4
q-.,~.m D.—
1,,~8u~ti0n Sobr Radiation............ ---- .20L .19.3s Weather Air b ~side ,Ati.. .197 .190 .171. Sea Water to Inside Air.... ---- .185 .171h9ide fir to InsideAir... .185
25..178 .Ml
InsideMr to WeatherAh.. .186 .179 .tilw. hgide fir b Sea Water.... .193 .186
InsideAir to tieideAh... .ti8 .157 .M3—___
1,,~~ulatlO*
*
SOtirRadiation............ ---- .3b3 .3ob
Stl. or Al. Weather Air to Ingide fir,. .35L .30a .257‘. Sca Water to Ingide fir.... ---- .287 .2b9
...... . hside fir to hgide W... .3M26. ‘i”’’”:”
.3M .26L
Channel Mring hgide tir to Weather fir.. .363 .321 .26a
3~161!M.V.w. ~side fir to Sea Water.... .357 .318
InsideAir to fisideMr.. . .312 .276 .2A
1“ tiatiation
*
SOlnr~tiation............ ---- .320 .286Stl.or Al. s Weatherfir to hglde Air.. .328 .289 .~
. Sea Waterb figide&.... ---- .271 .237... ............... .....
27.IngideAh to InsideAir... .321 .’292 .251
Wside Air to WeatherAir.. .337 .301 .254~,,c~~ll wring w. InsideAir b Sea Water.... .333 .299bside fir h Mgide fir... .293 .261 .223
1,,~~~atio~
*
SObr Radiation............ ---- .25L .232Stl.or ~. ~ Weatherfir ti In9ideW.. .260 .23~ .20&
. Sea Waterto hide &.... ---- .222 .197........ .28.
hgide Air to Mgide Air... .25L .236 .208
Insidatir to Weatherh.. .26b .2h2 .2U01 tirtig w. hdde fir b Sea Water.... .261
7/a”M-36#.240
bside fir to fisideAir... .236 .216 .la8
ll!~9dati0n
*
SolarRatiation............. ---- .27k .~8
Stl.or Al. Waatherfir to hgide Air.. .2a .252 .218s. sea water~ ~alde ti ....
----- .&o .2UIneideAir b IngideAir... .261
29. ‘1” ‘1~”“’””’.a5 .2U
hnnel ~ng heide fir to WeatherAir.. .268 .2h8 .2173/fi01M.V. w. hside fir b Sea Water.... .272 .25h
hside Ah to hside Air... .238 .2U .192
I
I
S = Oootig Seaeon W . HeatingSeason
w @natmotion: UntitionItu
& +D
Solarbdiation............. ---- .259 .237111I~UlatiOn~ WeatherAir to hside Air....250 .239 .209“ Sea Waterb InsideAir..... ---- .2B .W5
)00InsideAir to InsideAir.... .a8 .233 .206
i~Ctiel ~ring hside Air to WeatherAir.. .255 .237 .208~,,~65# u..Insidefir ti Sea Water.... .258 .til
tiaideAir to fieideAir... .227 .2M .18L
lN h9titi0n Sohr ~diation............ ---- .2U .199
* ~
s Weatherfir to fisideUr.. .208 .m .178Stl.or Al. “ Sea Water to hgide W.. .. ---- .193 .176
Il.Ingide Air b Inside Air... ●m .196
1!!.177
Channel ~ring Inside Air to Weather *.. .2U .~9a .~7a~;
7/a~~L36ff w. Ingide fir b Sea Water.... .213 .202 ‘.;Inside Air h Inside Air... .191 ,179 .M1
Solar bdiation ............ ---- .199 .la9111~~fition
s
se Weather Air to Mgide Air.. .193 .la6 .16aStl. or Al. Sea Water to ~side fir.... ---- .lal .167
12.hgide Air to fiaideAir... .lal11, ;;~: .17b .l.5a
Ctiel ~ring IngideAir to WeatherAh.. .la2 .17L .Ea3/16nM.V. w. IneideAir to Sea Water.... .laa .la2
kgide Air to IngideAir... .165 .15L .U1
Solarvitiation............ ---- .191 .1821,1~~~ation
* ~
~ WeatherAir to ~oide Air.. .185 .~7a .U2Stl.or D. . Sea Waterto Ineide W.. .. ---- .175 .fi2
33.;,.r heide Air b Ingide Air... .175 .16a
1,, :.>!..153
Inside Air b Weather fir.. .176 .169 .U3~,,~~~1 ~ri~ w. Mgide fir to Sea Water.... .lal .175
figideAir to InsideAir... .159 .U9 .U7
Sok bdiation............ ---- .165 .15ain ~g~tionWeatherAir to IneideAir.. .Ml .156 .U3
s. Sea waterto heide ~.... --- .U2 .M3
lb.hsida ti to tiaide&... .U3
1,, .~8 .136
ChannelMring ~iide Air to Weatherti.. .U3w. IMide Air ~ Sea Water.... .Ua
.ua
.V3.u6
hside Air b ~eide h... .~1 .133 .W
S - &oUng Season W - Hating Seaaon
—
pa—
)5.
—
36.
—
17,
—
)8.
—
39.
—
tinstNotiont
Table16
ValwO of ‘lU’!
1,,~efiti~*
5.
u.
—
s,
—
i.
—
3.
—
d.
—
s.
w.
—
s,
it
@nditiontt
u
heide Air ~ heide A*...(120- 80)
InsideAh h heide Air...( 700-500 )
heide Air to IngideAh...( 120°-80° )
Wgide Air to Maide Ah...( 700-500 )
Wside fir tg ~side M...( 120 -m”)
Insidefir to ~gide AAr...
( 70° -50° )
bgide Ah to Mside -...( 1200-80° )
tiaideAir to hside ti...
( 70° -50° )
InsideW to heide fir...( 120°-80° )
hgide Air to ~eide Ah...
( 70° - 50:)I
1II
+.
DA
.296
.264
.226
.198
.166
.UL
.22k
.195
.209
.183
S . ko~ Seaeon U - Hea~ Season
OonstnotionItu H
- 4
Dme Oontitions
F
In ~a~tion s. ~side fir to heide Air... .222@m tiepaoe (1200-80° )
bo.
7/8”w3@n. ~aide fir to Ineida*... .198
(700-50° )
En
mhsulation s. hside fir to fisideAir... .U9.l~flAirapaoe (1200- 80°)
u. lM ~~fitio
7/80M-36#v. tiaidefir to Ineidati... .M~
(700- 500)
1. ~e~~~ns. Insidefir to heide fir... .m
(120°- 8@)
n. heide fir U tiside~... .131
(700- 50?)
~ 5U tin~ce
B
lfimetition s, ~side fir b ~ide ti... .202ym&ur Ig
(1200- 800)L3. “. 1*’Jtiswce
7/8*b36#w. fieidcfir to Mside *... .U?
(700- 500)
~ 5“ Mrspce
R
1’1hetition s. Mide Air to hside fir... .179
u. i::~::c; (120°- 80°)
7/8u&36# u. InsideAir to -ids U.. . .158(700-50° )
S - OooU~ Seaaon W - Hea* Season
72Tabh M
valuesof nun
1It
in Insuhtion
m bnstmotion: bntition:t
uA i
D
s.
b5.
w.
—-
S.
b6.
w.
s.
k7.
w.)
— .
s.
L8.
w.
s.
h9.
w.
.
S . Wling Seaeon u- HeatingSeaeon
73
2II.
wati-500
.344:g
.3b7
.33h
.3U
h7°
,rair*
.350
.371
.3L6
.357
.3b3
.320
~~o
I*7.0 ~
.359 .369:;;; :;:
Sti or U,
.36L .375
.3L9 .355 ‘““ “
.327 .332 2. ~fi~o~
.306
.3M
.306:3g
,289
.322
.334,320.32h.3s.300
.333.
.3L9
.329
.337,326.307
,I I
1 I
IU“ 28° 37°
Wrisontilheat fbw b 0° weatherairrhentF
.298
.306
.301
.301
.295
.28k
370
-
p
.307
.316
.309
.3o8
.305
.294
fT
.27$
.281
.280
.276i272.267
180
y
.287
.294,al.289.284.276
27°
,tw :~
.3U
.326
.3U,318●3U.297
7
.323
.336
.323
.326
.317
.303
F
.330
.345
.329
.333
.324
.309
.256
.261,263.259.256.253
90 550 6b”
mat flowdom b 0° weather airfmm cor ature
tio
.287
.295
.B2
.Wo
.285
.277
530
T700 80°
.296 .302
.305 .3M
.300 .304
.299 .305
.29b .299
.285 .288
200 ~oo
.238
.239
.245
.251
.255
.259
.253
.261
.266
.268
.264
.260
.257
.271
.276
.276
.273
.270
.265
.282
.287
.285.239.238.238
.283
.278
.272.251.*8
, 1I I
1
I1
350 440 MO I 720
74 ‘Cable17Valueaof 1fUt8
Jrame I Heatflowup w 28”F.gea nter I;~cing fromco
30° I Loo I 500
. 2b9 .307 .330
.273 :;;; .%5
.276 .332
.270 .315 .335
.268 ● 308 .325
.261! .296 .310
Framepacing:
18’!2b1*3011361142(s~8,,
Ingide,Wfacerap:
irti(
MO.3L6.361.342.351.339.319
7.82°
temperature:
700 mo 90° W“
.357 .3(.17,
.375 .388
.351 .361
.363 .373
.3L9 .356
.327 .33b
7.20° 76.62°
Horizontalheatflowto 28”F.sea waterfrom comwrtmenttemwrature: 1
30°
.250
.25h
.262
.253
.253
.253
boo
. 28b
.289
.290
.285
.283
.276
50°
.299
.3m
.30L
.302
.298
.289
-
&o.313.322.3U.315.310.297
-
70°
.322
.333
.323
.325
.319
.30L
1 I I 1
H90° m“
k80°
.331
.3L6
.331
.335
.326
.3M
75.71
2II
~Stl. or Al.
*n
,.
Table17.-Values of Uu’j
Frma Heatfkw up from70UF.oompartmanttemp.spacing: h compartmenttemp:
00 mo 200 ~oo boo 5.0 ho 650
18t, .335 .330 .328 .325 .32~ .319 .308 .3m2k” .351 .3L0 ●3L5 .3L3 .339 .331 .31830. .331
.306.329 .328 .326 .324 .319
36~.322 :;g .301
.338 .335 .333~2,t
.330 .328 .302.327 ~326 .325 .32h .320
48!,.316 .305 ::$
0306 .305 .30b. .303 .302 ●ml .29L
~sideSWf ace 65.88°66.u” 67.01°67.58°66.l? 68.77°@.3e” 69.@”Tap : i
FrameSpactig:
la,,
24”30”
$:L8W
~sideSufaceTemp8
Horizontalbat rkw r- 70UF.ec~tient te~. I
.296
.3ob
.299
.297
.293
.283
)4.89°
Tloo no no
.295 .29L .293
.303 .302 .301
.290 .297 .296
.296 .295 .294
.292 .291 ●290
.282 .281 .280
j5.58°66.~” 67.00°
-
.291 .289
.300 .297
.295 .29b
.293 .292
.289 .286
.279 .278
.283 .277:;:; .284
.283.284 .278.281 .276.275 .271
a00.272.278.278.273.270.265
j3.05°
FPIi7.72°‘8.L6° .22°69.610
Heatflowdom from70°Fcompartmenttamp.to computmnt
m
MO 200 300. 4.0 5.0
.272 .272 .272 .272 .271
.278 .278 .278 .277 .275
.27a .278 .278 .277 .276
.273 .273 .273 .273 .273
.270 .270 .270 .270 .269
.265 .265 .265 .265 .265
ti.m” a.95° 65.91°66.a9° 67.91°
empa
Ttio 65°
.266 .262
.271 .266
.274 .269
.268 .263
.265 .262
.263 .259
ia.94°69.470
75
2II
Stl. o? Al.
*
..... ... ..
2II~,~ti~n
76Table17.
Valuesof 1*U18
2II ,
—.
—.~
D
.3b7
.308
.296
.302
.299----.273
.255
.235
.231
.222
*—
50.
—
51.
tinstruotion:I
Solar lhdiation............Weather Air to ~gide Air..Sea Waterto In9ideAir....bside Air to Ingide Air...“
Ingide Air to Weather Air..Ingide Air to Sea Water....Ingide Air to Ingide fir...
Solar kdiation ............Weather Air to ~eide Air..Sea Water to Inside Air....hgide Air to Ingide Air...
.360----
.3h9----.352
.36L
.363
.322
----.247----.2L5
.327
.308
.322
.326
.325
--4 .292
.259
.ti2
.236
.232
/_21,~gu~tion I .2h4.2b9.226
Inside Air to Weather Mr..hgide Air b Sea Water....Wgide Air to Ingide Mr...
.231
.236
.212
.219----
.203w.
SolarWtiation ............Weather Air to ~gide Air..SeaWaterto ~gide Air....~gide Air to hside tir...
.15L
.ti7
.ti7
.137
.155
.U7
.ti7
.133
Sti.or Al.
*I
s.::,....:,.,:,,:.,::..,:.,:.,.,,,:.,.,.,,:,,.:.,,.,,.
(:!j:,:1“ ,.,,.:
----
.U5----.139
52.
—
53.
.129----
.122
Ingide Air to Weather Air!.hgide Air to Sea Water....Inside Air to hside Air...
Sok Mtiation............WeatherAir to kgide Air..SeaWaterto ~side Air....hgide Air to hgide Ah...
Wgide Air to WeatherAfi..hgide fir to Sea Water....tiaideAir to ~ido Ati...
.134
.Uo
.128
----.27h----.280
.292
.28a
.2S6
.131
.13a
.14
L 21!~dtion w.
I
,– 2“ ~9titi0n .277.ti9.231.250
.257
.253
.22a
:::
.207
.212
s.
.2m----.la7
SolarSatiation............deatherfir to kide &..SeaWaterto hgide fir....hgide Air to tigideAir...
InsideAir to Weatherti..kgide Air to Sea Water....M9 ideAh to hgide Air...
.212
.196
.la7
.191
. la9
.176
.172
.W
--=-
.~6----.207
*
.....,,.,.,.,::,,.y,.:...,.:..,.,,........111 : 1,1
ChannelMrinCS.M.Mntig
;L.
—
.20a
.210
.190
.U----.151
.193
.195
.175
S = tiOUng Sea80n W = Heat- Season.. ,, ::. .,
77Yabla 17.
valuesof IIUII
2. In*~latlOn 210
~e Construction: Conditiontt +u ~ D
2,,In~~~tion
*
9ok Wtiation........... ---- .12 .UStl. 9, Weathertir b haide tir.. .U .10 .m
Sea Waterto Inside~.... .U .M........:.,::.,,.:..,.......
55. “ i..“:.: 1“ MBide Air ti Inside“M... :E .10 .U.
Ctielhside tir b Weather &.. .10 .m .09
w. Sea Water to hside Ah.... .M .10 .09S.M.~g ~side Ah b fieide Air:.. .10 .M .09
21!In~tion 9oti btiation ........... ---- .28 .25
Stl. s.Weather fir b“ heide U.. .25 .23 .20Sea Waterb Ineideh.... .29 .27 .2h
::.!...,,..?..,:.>,:.4,...:,.:..2......56.
haide & ti Inside&... .26 .23 .20I
> *L Channel
4 kgide Air b Weather-.. .27 “:2 .22“
3/ti’fMitite ‘. Sea Waterb InsideAti.... .26 .22fisideAir b tiside~... .22.2& .18
21,~3&~on Soti Wdation ........... ---- .25 .23Stl.
s.WeatherAir to Melde Mr.. .23 .21 .MSea Waterto tiside&....T.q .26 .2L .22
M‘.’ +t...f57. ‘“’”‘“’””:”’I’’’’’-’!’”!’“
Ingidefir b InsideUr... .23 .21 .m
khannel helde Mr to Weather~.. .ti .23 .20
~ *’I&idte ‘*IngideAir to SeaWater.... .2L .22 .20hside M b ~side U... .22 .20 .17
2IIIn~~~tiOn SotirSatiation............ --- .22Stl. Weatherti b bside M..
s..21 .19 :;
Sea Waterb figldeW.... .23 .22 .20,:.,i:,..,........:.,::,r..,..,.
58. LInsidefir to hgide &... .21 .19 .L7
> 5 Inside* b WeatherAir.. .22 .20 .Mw. fi9idefir to Sea Water.... .a ,20 .18
tiaide~ b tieldeAir... .20 .18 .ti
2n In~~tiOn
+
SOh ~tiation........... .21 .19fl.
s.Weather& h: hgide W.. :; .18 .MSea Waterti InsideU.... .21 .20 .18
59* “ ‘:”’:;;.“’‘1:’v1, ~side U b ‘~eideti... ●V •~ .~
Wannel heide Air h WeatherAh.. .20 .19 .17
3/ti”MerMte ‘. ~gide ti b Sea Water... .19 .M .17~ide @ to bide h.. .18 .17 .U
S - GoMng SeaeOn w. HeatingSeason
78Tablo17
valuen of “Un 2II211fi~~~ti~~
Yw @natruotionl ~nditionst 4
u & D
Sok Mediation........... --- .19 ::WeatherAir to hside Air.. .18 .M
3. gea Water to InsideAti.... .20 ;19 .17InsideAir to tigideAir... .18 .17 .U
LCknel Ineide.Air to WeatherAir... .18 .L7
~~n tiinite u. IneideAir to Sea Watir.... .18 .17 :2IneideAir to haide M.... .17 .M .U
Sotir~diation..........~. .18WeatherAir to ~eide Air.. :; .U :$
s. sea wa~r to M9id9 ~-• ● ” .18 .17bside Air to figideAir... .16 .s :$
..
Mgide Air h Weather&.. .l~ .ti .sw. ~aide ti to SeaWatir.... .16 .&
hside Air to IneideAir... ●U :; .13
SoMr bdiation............ --- .~ .~~ Weatherb to ~side U.. .10 .10 :09
● SeaWatarto fisideAir.... .~ .10~eide fir b IneideAir... .U :: .U
62.
IneideAh, to Weatherti.. . .10 .09 .09w. heide Air to Sea Water.b.s .10 .10 .W
fisideAir h InsideAir.i. .10 .M .09
SotirWdiation............ --- ●
* ,,
II~allln WeatherAir to ~side Air.. .10 :5 .09s. Sea water b Ineide**• ● ●
:$Stl. .10 .M
:,...:>..,..,::...:,,........1.. InsideAir b InsideAir...63.
.10 .091,, ;~:.:j
InsideAir to WeatherAir.. .09 .09 .09Channel w. IngideAir to Sea Water.... .09 .09 .W
~LlMarinite hside’Air to hside Air... .m .09 .09
SOM Wdiation............ --- .D .10WaatherAir to fiBideAir.. .10 .W .09
9. sea Waterb InsideU... ● .10 .10 .09Meide Air to ~side M... .N .09 .09
6L. 1,,
hside @ ti WeatherAir.. .W ●W .08L Chnel w. InsideAir b Sea Water.... .W .09 .087/8’shini~ heide Air b ~ide -... .W ●W .~
.
.
S - OooUng Season w- &ati~ Seaeon
—
—
550
66.
—
67.
68.
—
69.
—
Table17
Valwo of ‘Iu”
2. In@~tiOn
@nditiont It u
B.
u.
—
s.
—
n.
—
9.
—
u.
—
so
—
u.
s*
—
w.
—
hnida m to msiti U.,. ---
mi& U to Witi U... ---
Mid. Air to Insidoti... ---
W“’Hea~ Se-n
2II
.22
.20
.17
.U
.U
.09
.17
●U
.15
+D
---
--
.-.
.-.
.-
---
---
---
79
80
.
.
S - OooM~ Seaeon ‘W - H*- Season
81
..
.
2II
— —.
~e : @MtmotiOnt ~ndition!t +u & D
R
2’SMsll!nChmel
s. Ineide& h haide Air.. --- .M --
75. : 7/Bnhrinite,.—.– 7/8n Morinite
w. hside Air b ~gide Air.. --- .U ---
H
-2n I~lllns. InsideAir to Inside*.. ---
- Chml.s ---
74. ‘;;:,,1,,I~llln
---*’1htiniteS.n.uning w. Ineidafir h haide -.. -- .U --,
s. baide b to Bni& ~.. -- .U —
77. > l’!Innllln —— ——
~aide ~ ti hside ~.. --- .U —
B
--2”Inssltn s. InsideAir b hside ti.. ---Cllennel
●U ---
i--- ......l
78. ::..:-“1”lna’l’n.: .-*I!tirinite
7/8~*krinite w. IngideAir b hside ti.. --- .M ---
— ..-.—-- ..—
~
-.20 I~lllns. ~side U b tiaide&.. ---
---Cbmel.ti –-
79.‘f. 1. Inmllln~~“v
~j/:’’MhdfiwAti4 . . w. hside Air b hai& &.. — .~ --
S.= tioling%-on W.= Hea~ Season
aVdus of nu” 2
II
.
.
—
85,
—
06.
—
97;
—
8.
—
9*
2II
btition.t iu A D
s.
w.
s.
w.
s.
w.
“1.
1.
1.
f.
83
1,.
84Table 18
Valuoo of ‘Uu”
hgide Air to Weather Air
j!!hstition. 3II
Heat flow ~ )h O“ outside air—
000
.256
.3L
.278
.299
.287
.268
76.9
Fromepacing:
18“2L“30”36,,
b2”481,
— .—WsidelirfaceTemp:
from c ~Wrtient Lemp:
500 ~
.250
.288~.272.293.282.265L
.232 .238
.2b~ .272
.2j6 .263
.270 .277
.26h .271
.251 .255
.2b5
.279
.268
.285
.278
.259
.200 .213
.219 .237
.226 .239
.230 . 2L8
.226 .2b3
.224 .235
.225
.251
.2L9
.259
.25L
.2b3
28.5C
{
9.5° i9° 57.5° 67°38° ~80
I
———Frame,pcing:
18112119130,136,,~21,
J8,,
Horizontal heat fkw to 0° outeide airfrom compartment tempt
T
Loo 5~o &o 700 800
.208 .2M .220 .227 .233
.230 .237 .2L5 .251 .258
.235 .2bo .2b6 .251 .256
.2L0 .246 .25h .259 .26h
.2L0 .2h6 .252 .257 .261
.231 .237 .2b2 .2b6 .250
100
+
:‘,tl or Al.
:;311~~llln.”,,:..::.,,.::;:
.181
.198
.210
.208
.208
.205
9.5° &.19L .203.2M .221.221 .227.220 .231.220 .230.215 .225
18.5° 28°Ineide;wfaceTemp!
Heat flowdom to 0° outsideair
100
Frm~cing t fmm comwrtment hmD:
~
.199
.217
.223
.226
.225
.222
80°
.213
.233
.2370242.2bl.23b
60°
.203
.222
.228
.231
.231
.226
.170
.181
.19L‘.191.19L.196
.180
.192,204.203.m3
.186 .192
.202 .209
.2M .216
.211’ .218
.2U .219
.208
.229
.233
.238
.236
.231 e .tl or Al.
,.:..... :................:.!,
3,, ~~lltn
S .M.Uning
.204 I .211 I .217, ,Iw 7L. 5°55.5° 65°
Table 18
Valuea of “U”
IngideAir to Sea Water.3!,~~~tlo~
*am. I Heatflow UP to 28”F. sea -ter I------Sp9cing
~sideSWfaceTemps
3@
.193
.207,218.218.218.217
from col
hoo I 500
.218 .235
.a2 .258
.245 .259
.252 .268
.2k9 .265
.238 .250
29.90°39.L1° k8.95°
tirhent timperatw I I
600 I 700
.2b5 .250
.270 .281
.265 .271
.281 .290
. 27b .282
.259 . 26b
58.51°68.09°
n+-800 ~oo Mo”
.253
.81 Stl.or Al.
.278
.297 . ...
.286., :,..,..,,,.:.: :
.,.269 3. ~s&:tion
, ,I I i
17.69° I I--
FrameSpcing
181,
2L”301,36,,~2,1~81,
~sideSmfaceTamp:
.17L
.191
.205
.201
.203
.m5
W.87°
Horl~
.2m;217.227.228.228.22h
39.27°
ntil1rom ct~
.2U
.231
.240
.2L0
.240
.23h
J8.69°
85
3II
gat flow to 28UF. sefinpartmant temperate
T
ao Too MO
.222 .226 .230
.WO .2b9 .257
.244 .251 .257
.250 .257 .266
.2~9 .257. .260
.240 .246 .250
I I
58.~3° 67.59° 77.06°
waterI
900
Table 18
Valws of “u”
bside Air to bside Air.
3“ Lnstition. 3II
~ Heat flow up from 70°F. comwrtment temp.
‘Cing’k to”cOmDartmont tempt
T200 300
.231 .230
.260 . 2s8
.256 .255
.269 .268
. 26L .263
. 2h9 .248
67.91°68.30° z500 600
.22b .217
.251 .Zho
.251 .ti3
.260 .251
.257 .ti7
.&7 .2bo
@ .13°69.56’
18,,
2&”300136,,~2t,~oll
.235
.265
.258
.272
.266
.250
.233
.263
.2~7
.271
.265
.2h9
.228
.256
.252
.265
.261
.ti8
68.71< 4.213.231.237.ti2.2L1.23~
69.78°
_Stl. or Al.
*
( Frm I Horizontal heat flow from 70°F. com~rtment temp.Spacingar0° 10°
.210 .209
.230 .229
.236 .235
.240 .239
.239 .238
.232 .232
b compartment temu:
60° F.197. 2U.224.226.224;223
69.72°
200
.208
.228
. 23b
.238
.237
.231
300
.207
.227
.233
.2.38
.236
.230
67.87’
10t,2&“30t,36,,~2t,~Bll
.206 .205
.226 .225
.232 .231
.237 .236
.m2
.219
.227
.229
.229
.227
9.L5’
.235
.230.233.229
67.38<
-
68.39°68.91°
1
Frame He4t flow dom frm 70”F.compartmenttemp.pcing: Itteml
00 boo
-
.19L
.209
.220
.220
.220
.219Q~oo @o 65°
.193 .191 .187
.207 .206 .201
.218 .216 .212
.219 .215 .211
.218 .216 .212
.218 .2ti .212
d.5b0 69.2P 69.62C
18” .19L2L“ .21030,1 .220361, .220~21t .220~8,t .219
.194
.2m
.220
.2m
.220
.219
)5.73C&.19L .19L.210 .210.220, .220.220 .220.220 .220.219 .219..,
6.L1°67.09’
~ Stl. or Al.
3“ hadatlons )7.79°emp: I
Table18.
a7
90.
91.
—
.-
92.
93.
—
9b.
—
- Stl,or Al.
r Stl.or Al.
Vnlues of I’U’l—
391~etiation
COntitiont
Sobr Wtiation............’~ Weatherfir to bside Ati..
● Sea Water M Ingide tir....In8ide Air to Inglde *...
Wside fir to WeatherMr..w. hside Air to Sea Water....
tiaidefir to tigideAir...
Solarhtiatlon............WeatherAir to Mide fir..
s. sea Waterto tialdetir....hgide Air to InsideAir...
IngidaAir b WeatherAir..d. hside fir to Sea Water....
hside Air to Insidefir...
SOW Satiation............
s.WeatherAir to hgide Ati..Sea Waterto tigidefir....InsideW to Mside ~r...
bgide tir to Weatherti..w, ~aide fir to Sea Water....
~aide fir h ~dda Mr...
So@ htiation............~. Weatiertir U hside &..
Sea Waterto heide ~.. ..haide fir to hside ~...
Mside Air to Weatherfir..w. IMidO ti b Sea Water....
Insidefir .ti@ide Air...
sow satiation..............~ WeatherAAr to ~ide h..
● Sea Water to heide fir....-Ide fir b IneideM...
bide Ah U Weatherh..U. ~side fir to Sea Water....
beide AAr b heide fir...
tu
----
.278----.282
.293
.290
.260
.201
.201
,20L)W.M9
----
mm----.105
,Ml,106
.094
----●Q97----.094
.088
.092
.084
----
.180
,171
,170,171,G7
3II
+
.287 .27L
.260 .2b5
.2&5 .235
.259 .2b3
.259 .238
.257 ----
.236 .219
.209 . 2ob
.194 .188
.19L .18&
.192 .M2
.191 .180
.195 ----
.177 .168
.116 .117
.U .U1
.U .m
.M5 .M2
.099 .097
.Mb ----
.094 .092
.100 .M1
.097 .096
.097 .096
.09> .090
.086 .084
.090 ----
.08L .081
.178 .Uo
.U7 .m:~: .U2
.U
1.156 ,1*.157 ----.W .u8
9 - tiUM %aeon W = Heatig Season
Table 18
Valoea of UIUIV
311Inedation3
al
m ~n9truotionl @nditionltu &
JD
-311~~llln Sokr ~diation............ ----- .189 .177Stl. WeatherAir to hnide Air.. .17L .U2 .U5
s. sea water~ Inside~.... .192 .182 .16a:,.,,,,....,,,,:.,..........._~aide Air ti hgide Air... .176 .16L .Ma
95. 1:+= 1“~ Channel hside Air b Weather‘Air.. .~7a .170 .1563/16fvminiti w. ~elde Air b Sea Water.... .17J .167 .152
bgide Air to Inside Air... .167 .S6 .13a-.
.3,1fiallln
*
SOh Mdation ............ ---- .175 .165Stl. Weather Ah to Mgide Ati..
s..162 .V2 .137
Sea Water to Inoide Air.... .17a .169 ::;.. .,:.:..!>...,;,;{:,:,:,::,::,.:.,,.,.:.,.:,.:..,..,.,., Ingide Air ti Incide fir... .16b96.
.V311 ;, 111
Channel baide Air to Weather Air.. .U5 .lsa .U6illMarinite w. heide Air to Sea Mater.... .163 .156 .U3
hgide ~ to Insideti. .. .157 .ti6 . Uo
3n Inatlnn Solar btition ............ ---- .161 .152Stl. Weather Air to Inside Ah..
s..150 .U1 .12a
Sea Water to ~Bide Air.... .U3 .156 .U5~,,.:..;.,~.....,.,.:,.,!.,;;:.>;:,:,:,..::....,.:Inside Air h Mgide Air...
97. 1! :,: 1,, .U1 .U2 .130
L Chnnel Ingide Air b Weather Air.. .M3 .~6 .1367/a’lmtititi w. Ingide h b Saa Watir.... .Eo .W .13L
figide Air to hside Air... .M5 .u6 .122
311~elll~
+“
Soti ~diation ........... ---- .0a9 .Oaa
Stl. Weather Air to Wgide Air..s.
.0a3 .OaO .075Sea Water b figide Air.... .0a5 .0a3 .079:.,.,,,,:.:,,.,.,:.,,.,..:.:,.:.,.:,,.,....,:,...,,,, ,,,, hgide ti to I~lde ti... ●ak
98. :.;,.:.’:.,:“.oal .077
l! .,
Channel Ingide Air to Weather Air.. .07b .073 .070
S.M.MninS w. Inside fir h Sea Water.... .075 .073 .070InsideAir to hgide Air... .076 .075 .071
3,,Inallln Solar hdiation ........... ---- .Oaa .oa6
Stl. Weather Air to ~gide Ah..s.
.oa~ .07a .07&Sea Uater b hgide Air.... .0a3 .081 .07a%..
......... ;::..:.;;..:::;’.’.\:;!!.99. 118+)~1
I~ide Air to Inside Air.. .0a2 .oao .075
Insido fir to Weather Air.. .073 .072 .069w, Insido Air b Sea Water.... .073 .072 .069
Ineida Air b InBide Ati... .076 .07b .069
S - .tiou~ SeaaOn w- hating Season
.,
Table18
3II
Values of nun
3“ tintition
m ~nstruetion: mnditintt +u & D
..
3H M!ltn
* ~~~
9oh bdiation........... ---- .08b .083Stl.
s.Weatherfir b bide 0.. .070 .075 .0729ea Waterto hei& W.... .080 .078 .075.:.’,.’.,,.,...............,.’,:..::’., ,.................
m.haide Air b mide ti. .. .079
1:.::,,,,: .077 .073.,.—
channel hide tir to WeatierU.. .071 .070 .06.{
4!!hriniti w. IneideW ti 9ea Watir.... .071 .070 .067bide Air to ~sida h... .07h .071 .067
3. fi~lll~
*
Sok utiob ........... --- .081 .Om9tl. Weathr * to haiti *.. .075 .073 .069
s. gea wa~r tO fiaideW... ● .077 .075 .073;.:.;:’,.:’...::.....,.::.::,,:.:.’::,. hside U to fisideAir... .077 .07b .071
ml. ~ ;::.:::
Ohanna tilde tir b Weather~.. .069 .068 .065
7/811Mniti u. ~aide ti b 9ea Water...* .06g .067 .065Inaidatir to ~ide ~... .071 .069 .065
s.
102.
w.
9.
D3 ,
w.
s.
w.
u.I
:.’,..
L
,’,,.,.
3II
-.-———. . .
w Conetruotion~ bntition:tu &
4D
s.
m5.
w.
—
s.
m6.
w.
s.
b7.
w.
s.
D8.
w.
s.
D9. —
w.
s- b~g Season W - htiw Saaaon
Tablo 19.
values of ‘Iu”
Ingide Air h Weather.Lm Insubtion
91
4II
Frme;qoyg :.
18.
2b“3on341,
:;:
hside;urfaceTamp:
Heatfkw .UPto O“ outside ahfmm compartms]
zoo 300!boo
t temp5.0
flang(.199.206.22L.223.212
L8.3°
100
.213 Stl.or Al.
.215
.al
*
,,:.,~,,..,..,,,.235
...4.,::.;..,!.....:,.
.221 ~11~111~.&St ffener web nr
.175 .185 .191
.188 .196 .ml
.N1 .2M .218
.ml .2M .218
.197 .20L .208
19.3° 28.9° 38.6C
1coverd.205 .209.208 .211.229 .235.227 .230.215 .218
.160.179.186.190.188
77.L”I9.6° S7.9°I67.7(
I J
hm I Horizontalheatflow to O“ outsideairpaoingt from
T
100 200 300
St ffener.46 .155 .~2.165 .175 .181.ti7 .180 .187.173 .183 .193.175 .18L .189
7.0
18,,2h”30.36.~211b8H uweb an fting oover(
.170 .177 .182
.187 .lgo .lgs619L .19g .205.W .205 .a8.lgb .199 .201
38.2° L7.8° 57.&”
I.186.198.2M.212.205
.190
.200
.2U
.2s
.m
67.1° 76.7°
name I Heatfkw dom to 0° outsidedrfmm comwrtint ten Itpacing:
2.0
T~oo 5.0
eb an flang(.155 .lb.173 .177.177 .lak.182 .188.183 .187
300 60° 7.0
L.170.185.B3.197.Ub
66.0°
fener.49.U8.172.175.177
28.0°
Covem.ti5.180
.188
.192
.190
56.b”
.135
.155
.156
.Ul
.*
.172
.Uo
.197
.m
.196
@tl. or U.
1
9.2° M.6° s7.k” b7.1° 75.6°1
92 ‘~able19Val{lesof !lU1l
Inside Air to Sea Water.
h” Insulation 4II
Frme I He; flowom cor
50°
3 b 2U”F. 9ea water
‘Pat’g’k irtroenttempe
T
600 700
1 flan ,e cove.199 .208.207 .212.227 .233.226 .232.215 .219
8.87°68.56°
itwe t
80° 900
.--sti~.179.19L.204.206.201
]d----.2U.217.239.235.223
‘8.25°
------
.15b
.17L
.177
.181
.183
Oner a.192.202.219.217.210
-----
~ Stl. or Al.
heideSurfaceTwp t
29.92°39.55C t9.20°
Hofizontilheatflow b 28°F.gea wterrme I-
70°
Lange (.185.198.210.213.206
;8.16°
pcingt
F 30°
mm co
50°
,atwe:
80°Lo” 90°
-----
mo”
.----
J18n ------z~,l .U3W. .1653611 .163~zll .169~8,, .17&
In9id9Wfaoe 29.91”remp:
Stil.162.180. 18&.189.189
19. MC
3nerw.172.188.195.199.197
19.00°
Iand.179.193.203.206.202
8.58C
,vered.190. m3.217.217.209
‘7.76°
Tublo 19—-valM9 of “u”
93
InsideAir to Insidefir.~,,fig~tio*.
r- 1 Heat fbw Up from 700F.mmpartienttemp. 1Spoing: ti com~rtienttemp:
00 Wo 20° 30°Loo ~oo 60° 65°
1810 Stiffener web ~d fknge cOverei.~tl .195 .193 .192 .190 .188 .185 .180 .172301,
● 201 .200 .199 .199 .198 .198 .193 .18836,, .219 .218 .217 .216 .215 ,212 . mb .199~2tl .221 .220 .219 .218 .216 .213 .205 .m
&8n .209 .209 .208 .207 .207 .206 .m2 .197
heide 11Surface 67.7a 6a.07 6a*39°6a.70°69.01069.33°69.~“ 69*a3°TemD:
,
Frme Hofizontdheat flowfrom 70°F.compartmenttemp.Spcing: h compartmenttemp:
, 00 100 mo 300 boo ~oo ~o 650
lat, stirfener<eband fknge coverei.2LII .171 .171 .170 .169 .ti8 .167 .Mb .159301, .187 .la7 .186 .la6 .las .lab .la2 .17936,, .195 .191) .193 .192 .191 *190 .la5 .182.h2n .19a .198 .197 .197 .197 .19L .191 .la7-ha” .19b .19L .19A .19b .19L .193 .190 .186
haideSwface 67.22°67.59°67.97°68.3P 6ao75° 69.16°69.5a”69.79°Temp:
Frame }leatflowdom from 70°F. compertSpacing* b compartment tempf
~;bp.
0° U“ 20° 300 bo”~oo @o 6P
la,, Sti:‘fenerIleband flange coveret..24“ .158 .15a .157 .157 .156 .156 .15L .1523011 .176 .176 .176 .176 .175 .175 .17L .17036n .180 .lao .180 .lao .lao .lao .176 .172~2,, .18k .la~ .lak .la~ .18A .la3 .lal .178Lam .la6 .la6 .la5 .185 .las .la5 .18h .la2
tifli&Su],face 66.17066.70067.22°67.75°68.2go 68.afl69.&1°69.70°Tf)lP I
4II
#tl. or Al.
*
~stl. or Al.
4II
m @n5tnotion I bndition:tu
& tD
SolarSatiation............ ---- .233 .222
s.WeatherAir b hgide Air.. .325 .296 .2b7Sea Water to Inside Air.... ---- .377 .358
Uo .Inside Air to bgide Air... .330 .301 .272
4W ~stition Inside Air to Weather Air.. .235 .210 .193w, hside Air to Sea Water.... .233 .210 ----
bside Air to InsideAir... .212 .190 .180
,8~~~~onSolar hdiation............ ---- .185 .175
s. WeatherAir to InsideAir.. .193 .183 .171Sea Waterh InsideAir.,.. ---- .210 .203
m.InsideAir to InsideAir... .196 .186 .17L
fieidetir to Weatherti.. .178 .M5 .155w. h9ide Air to Sea Water.... .182 .lb9 ----
In9ideAir to IngideAir... .165 .153 .~6
Sohr hdiation............ ---- .08L .085s. WeatherAir b. Wide Air.. .076 .07L .072
Sea Waterto hgide Air.... ---- .07b .075
U2.hside Air to tigideAir... .078 .077 .075
1,1 hgide Air to WeatherAir.. .065 .065 .063w. heide Air b Sea Water.... .067 .066 ----
heide Air h hside Air... .069 .068 .06b
Ln fi9uhtion
+
SolarSatiation............ ---- .082 .083Stl. or Q.
s.Weather Air to Inglde Air.. .07b .072 .070Sea Water to Inside Air.... ---- .075 .07b:,,:,::,.,.,.,,:::.,.,!.{;,..;,~.,,,,,.~.,;;,.:,:,.,!
U3. ‘“’‘““’’~’”‘“haide Air to Inside Air... .077 .075 .073,,:.,..,,:
.,.21! Ineide Air to Weather Air.. .06h .063 .061
v. heide Air to Sea Water.... .065 .ob4 ----~side Air to fieideAir....068 .066 .064
Solarhdiation............ ---- .283’ .25k
s.WeatherAir to IngideAir.. .252 .226 .196Sea Waterto h8ide Air.... ---- .272 .2&o
m.bgide Air to IneideAir.. .255 .230 .199
Lheide Air to WeatherAir.. .267 .248 .220
u. hside Air to Sea Water.... .260 .2h3 ----hgide Air to tieideAir....230 .218 .183
S - boMng Seaeon U - HeattigSeaaon
.
95
-
Vdueo of mull
&n Inafition
II4
Wp @nstruotAon I Ootition It +u & D
Sob Mtiation..........0. --- .26b .239WeatherAAr to IneideM.. .237 .2& .U6
a. goa wa~r b hside fir.● ● ● .27h .255 .227Insideb b ~side ~..
m..*O .217 .190
LtiaidaAAr h Weatherfir.. .250 .233 .209
w. Insidefir to~Sea Water.... .ti .228 .203Insideti to’hside ~... .228 .206 .175
~11~~llln
. * ~
Sob Satiation............ ---- .238 .217
-Stl. ~. Weathertir b ~ida ti.. .2U .197 .1739ea Waterti ~aide fir.... .45 .229 .207
u. ‘:;:”’‘+!’;::“’:’::2:<::!’:&aide fir to ~ido ti... .218 .199 .176
Ckmel hBide ti to WeatherA*.. .226 *213 .192II~~~ v. heide Air to SeaWatir.... :::: ●209 .M7
hside Air b -da ti... .190 .ti3
bn hallln SO* Matiow ............ ---- .212 .195~ Stl. Weatherfir ti reside,AAr.. .19h .179 .s9
8. sea watarb Mside ~.. ● ● .2M .206 .187:::,~i.;:{:.;::.!.;l(;.:’:’::.;l.y:?
tiz.fiaideAir b ~aide ~... .196 .M1 .U2
L
Ineidefir ti WeatherAAr.. .203 .192 .175u. Ineideti ti SeaW@ter.... .199 .188 .171
hside AAr to hoide..M... .188 .173 .M1
~11~~tlln
.+
SOW SatitAon............ ---- 9179 ‘*WStl. Weathar@ b MaAda Air.. .M5 .W .U9
8. g~ wa~r ~ ~aide W.....;. .181 .172 ●U9!....,.’.,:P.......:!.,:.,...,.,. 1;,0...
w ● :::’:”::’wide & b haAde W... .U7 .U6 .W
channel &ide ~ b Weatir AAr.. .W .X8 .U69.n,m u. =de AAr w 9ea Wabr .... .M .s7 .m
WW fir W tiide tie.. .253 .ti7 .131
90* SedAatin........... ---- ,171 .M2Weatbr AAr * - U.. :$ :$; .1A
s. gea’~w b .Ma Air.... .s3mide UP to Mide *.,. .W .s0 .136
u% .~ 1“
-1 heide AAr b Uutir U.. .M9 .U2 .U1w. MaAda Air to sea W* .... ,U7 .s1 .139
resideAAr b -de m... .U2 .%2 .127
S- Ooo* 9eaaon U - W- Seamen
96
‘fable19.
Valued of ‘1U’i
Ln Inguktion
II4
VW tinatruotionl bndi tion:t +
u ~ D
ktlInaillnSohr bdiation........... --- .’MO .151
Stl. 9. WeatherAir to hgide Air. .U8 .139 .127Sea Water h IngideAir.... .U1 .15L .Mb
:,:::,.,,,:::....::::,::..,;:.,,.:,:,..,........,.,:.....:} InsideAir b ~gide Air... .150 .U1 .129.,,.,,,...,,......m. I“+:*I”
~Channel IngideAir h WeatherAir.. .U9 .U3 .133
~ *IIminite w. IngideAir b Sea Watir.... .M7 .M2 .131InsideAir to IngideAir... .M3 .13L .120
hm Inatlln
*
SOhr ~tiation............ ---- .U8 .Uo
Stl. WeatherAir to ~aide Air.. .138 .130 .119s. s~a ~jater~ ~~ide Air.... ,~9 .U3 .134
.:,:::.,:,,.!.:,.:,,,., :.,.;:,,,..::..,,;,>.,,:.,;,.:.;.. ~gide Air to InsideAir... .139 .131 .121U1. 1“ : l“
Channel hgide Air b WeatherAir.. .138 .133 .1257/811Wrinite w. ~side Air b Sea Water.... .137 .132 .123
~side Air to IngideAir... .133 .125 .U
LM Inetl!n
*
SotirMtiation............ ---~ .077 .076Stl. WeatherAir to IngideAir..
s..071 .069 .oh
Sea Waterto InsideAir.... .072 .071 .069:.”J.:.:.,,,..,......f.’J:‘.:.;-,’:,;,:,-,.::.:.::,: Wgide Air h InsideAir...
122..073 .071 .068
1“ :,::’:figideAir to WeatherAir.. .062 .061 .059
chMel u. IngideAir to Sea Water.... .063 .062 .060S.M.Hning heide fir h IneideAir... .065 .063 .o&
~11Insllln
*
Sohr ~tiation............ ---- .076 .075Stl. Weatherfir to ~aide Air.. .070 .06C .065
s. sea waterto Inside Air.... .071 .070 .068,:,,;’.,1:‘,,:,.:..’,.,::,’:.:.,::,.:.;::,.:’.:.,!;;;,: Inside Air to Ingide tir... .072 .070 .067
M3. 1“ ~:’
Ingidg Air to Weather Air.. .061 .o@ .058hannel w. baide Air b Sea Water.... .062 .061 .059
3JMII Maritite hside Air b Ineide Air... .06b .063 .059
~11~~111~
* :
Sobr ~tiation ............ ---- .073 .073Stl. Weather Ur to ~aide ~r.. .068
s..066 .063
Sea Water to heide Ur.... .069 .068 .066.,.,,,....:,.,..:,.,
u. ‘:’::;::’’;’:”:.;.;:’’;2’”:’’’”Inside Air to Ineide fir... .070 .068 .065
~ide Air to Weather Air.. .059 .058 .057Ohannel w. hide fir to Sea Water....
49 Mariniti.061 .059 .057
Wide Air to ~ide Air... .063 .061 .058
97
7able 19
Valuesof OUW
Lm Instition4
II●
~u
----.066.067.068
H~
.071
.06b
.066
.066
+D
x.061.06L.063
Unatruotionl tinditioni
F
Sobr hdiation............WeatherAir to hside Air..
s. sea waterto InsideAir....
Mgida Air to IngideAir...
IngideAir b WeatherAir..W. IngideAir to Sea Water....
IngideAir to fiaideAir...*
Stl.., .::::::::,....:.... ~.:,..,.,.:...,,:::,.., .,..l, .,,.. ... .. . . . ,., ............. . .,,...
1“ :.::
Channel7/8tfltiiniti
M5 .
.058
.059
.061
.057
.058
.059
.055
.056
.056
:
s.
w.
s.
w.
Sokr ~diation............Weather Air to ~gide Air..Sea Water b ~side Air....tigide Air to haide Air...
.076
.067
.069
.070
.059
.060
.062
.075
.06b
.067
.067
,058.059,059
.07L
.063,066.066
.057
.058
.058
----
.069
.071
.072
.060
.061
.063
126.
IngideAir.teWeatherAir..bide Air to SeaWater....figideAir to InsideAir...
Sobr ~diatlon............WeatherAir to IneideAir..Sea Waterto InsideAir..i.bsida Air to hside fir...
.075
.066
.068
.069
.058
.059
.061
---
.068
.069
.071
.059
.060
.063
127,.
InsideAir b Weather’Air..InsideAir to Sea Water....InsideAir to hside Air...
Sotir ~diation ............Weather Air to heide Air..
s. sea Wa~r b fieide Air....
~ide Air b hide Air...
.072
.06L
.067
.067
,071,062,06b,U
----
.066
.068
.068F,.,..s ? .:.}, ..,,.,,,.:::, ..............:.> . .... .. ..... . ..: . ..... .. ..
z. ::.’,;:
channelA’!Wniti
120.
hel@ Air to WeatherAir..w, @ide Air to SeaWater....
,.~ide Air to fiaideAir...
Sokr h~tion ............~ WeatherAir to tisldeAir..
● Sea Waterto ~gide &....hida Air to,Meide Air...
Ineidatir to.WeatherAir..u. kside Air to Sea Water....
heide Air to hide &...
.058
.059
.061
.057
.058
.060
,055,056,057
.070
.063
.Oa
.Oa
,069,060.062,062
---
.06L
.065
.066U9 .
—
.056
.057
.059
.05L,055.055
T
1
1
1
1
1
aValuesof ‘Un’
4H Instition
II
4
.
s- @oMng *a80n U - H@ttig Seaaon
w emtiuonl tinUUont t +u A D
9.
Lo.
w.
s.
L
v.
8.’
kz.
u.
s.
43*
w.
9.
u .
u.
101
Table20
6“ Insuhtion
me follwing t~es Of insulationare recommendedfor use on
boundariesof mchine~ s~ces, boilerroom, uptakesand otherheat
producing spacea. The surfacecoefficientsare tisedon the follow-
ing tempenturea:
Horizontal Casing Boundaries................
Vertical Casing Boundaries..................
AdJoining air conditioned specee............
Cooling HeatingSeuon: Season:
140° 700
Uoo 700
MO Too
For eteel dech over mchine~ spceB with insulation on top
of deck plating, see ~ble 23, construction detail~ No. 244 ad 245.
102
—
P
—-
h5.
—
&6.
—
&7.
—
LE.
—
h9.
—
COnstructiOnt
___— .
–61, ~SIIin
*
Stl..,.,.,.......,,....,,.,...............,.,,:,::,:.:::l,:;,::.....,,....:..,,,,,.,....,:.,....:.,,
,..................,.’,..,.;:,y.:
2!,~~111~
——
—. .. .-.—
m:}:,,....:...;.,.,:,;,:&tt~Bllln
:: .,.,:,, 211fi*llln,.,:,}.,:,.,..,,::::? ,.:*,;;
II‘“’‘-’”‘“* ~hmel
:;{<<:.-$’!Wrinitey~y,;; S.M.Uning
Tabb 20
Vnlwa of ‘Iu’l
6,,fi~U~tiOn
Contition: It u
“1Sohr ~tiation...........Weather Air to hside Air.
5* Sea Waterto ~aide Air...InsideAir to ~side Air.. .061
halde tir to Weathertir.hside fir to Sea Water...hside Mr to hside fir..
Sohr ~tiation...........Weathertir to ~side Al?.Sea Waterto ~side Mr...btide Air to ~side M..
.ob7
.o&8
.052
.059
w .Ou.0L6.oh9
S. Mglde Mr to ~alde A&.. ----
‘i. Meide Alr to Weide fir.. ----
j. ~aide tir to bai~ Air.. ----
d. hside Air to haide *.. ----
ES. ~side @ to IneldeAir..
W. IneldeAir to ~side Air..
----
----
6II
+A D.068 .072
.060 .059
.0L6 .ob6
.We .Oba
.051 .050
.065 .069
.058 .057
.a3 .ob3
.0L5 .&5
.0L8 .ti7
.@7 ---
.U ----
.@6 ----
.d2 ----
.075 ----
.073 ----
S - 00oMng Season W - }{eatingSeason
~,
.
,.
Tabk 20
Val~s of ‘?UI1
6,,Ina@tiOn 6II
m Unatroction: ~ndition:t ,1u & D
,.
K
,.:~... ~11~*111~,..;,.:,.,.;2,,~~tlln s. ~aide tir to hsida Air.. ----;,~,,,:: .073 ----
.),.;,{;,.;Eo. :::,/,,,,mnnel
—:::~~,,:,,.,::;! 7/8’~~ritite.)........,,,:,/,:,., s.M.wg n. haide fir to Maide ti.. ---- .071 ----,,.
s.
Ml.
w.
s.
152.
w.
s.
K3.
w.
s.
15L.
w.
..:
.
,.
S n ~o~ng Season W- HeatingSeason
Table 21
Acoustic Insulation
Acol]sticinsulation which is used for nound attenuation, my be
fit~erglassblanket covered v~th perforated sheathing, Or the r]Kid
ncollst1c board. me perforated sheat;hin~is generally 3/~6°th~ck
Mrine Veneer, Wsoni te Prestwood, Mrini te, or other approved type of
similar mteriml. Perforated sheet metal 1a commonly used for coverlng
the acoustic insulationblanket in areas where high-grade finifihesare
not:required.
Blanket t~e insulationwith perforated eheathing now avatlable.,
from ueveral manufacturersas a combined unit simplifies installation.
me unit.aare generally secured to metal.furring with sheet metal screws
fitted through metal grommets through holes In the sheathing.
me rigid type acoustic board is 1“ nominal thickness, either in
psne.Lsor in tiles which are available in agbegtog, celotex, fiberglass
or other simiLar materials of guitable density and perforations suitable
for sound attenuation.
For absorption of gound from nomal conversation, 1“ blanket on the
overhead i9 satisfactory,a 2“ blanket genemlly is required at the
overhead in bars, lounges, and other public spaceg. Where thermal insul-
ation 19 a190 used for it’s acou9tic propertie9 the insulation is generally
kept away from the sheathi~ and fastened directly to the steel bulkhead
or overhead deck. In ve~ noisy compartments, ins+~l.lationof two 2-inch
hyers of insulation, seprated by a felt blanket, my be necegsary for
~atisfacto~ sound control.
105
TableZ1
Valueeof ‘Utt:
AcousticIn~tion.
tiw ‘@natruotiont Oondition:tu &
+D
1. ~ Sobr Wdiation........... ---- .568
*
.525
Stl. Weatherfir to InsideAir.. .U2 .391 .32g. sea watertO Mside Air... .595 ,552 .5M
X5.~sib & to hside Air.. .U8 .397 .3&7
~ ga.perf.Shtg. hside Air to WeatherAir. .5bo .505w. hside Air to Sea Water... .508 .L7L
.L05
.Moheide fir to bside Air.. .b25 .376 .320
Sohr Cation ........... ---- .L17 .396~ WeatherAir to heide Ur. .3M .3U .280
● Sea Waterto ~side Air... .~29 .L05 .38h~side Air to,haida Air.. .3b7 .3U .28b
M ga. perf.Shtg. tieidaAir to WeatherAir. .39L .375 .317w. ~eide Air to Sea Water... .376 .358 .338
InsideAir to ~ide ti.. .331 .3~ .26L
Soti htiation........... ---- :g .380WeatherAir to heide Air. .332 .272
s. sea water~ ~ei~ fir... .bu .391 .369fiaideAir to hsib &.. .335 .3M .276
ga. perf.Shtg. Mside Air to Weathertir. .378 :;g .307w. ~side Air to Sea Water... .3& .320.
~si~ Air to hsida Air.. .321 .292 .256
Sohr Satiation........... ---- .377 .358WeatherAir to InsideAir.
s..3U ,.289 .261
Sea Water to fiside Air... .385 .368 .3b9hside Air to fieide Air.. .320 .293 .265
G8.
haide Air to Weather Air. .356 :;% .291ga. perf.ShtgI w. ~~ide fir to Sea Water... .3b3 .3U
hside Air to Inside Air.. .305 .279 .46 ~
Sotir ~diation ........... ---- .272 .ti7 is Weather Air to Ingide A18. .2b3 .221 .193. Sea Water to haide Air... .284 .265 .236
M9.~side Air to heide Air.. .ti6 .2a .196
haida Air to \ieatherAir. .262 .~6 .220111~rf. *el w. hgide Air to Sea Water... .254 .ao .2U
baide Air to heide Ah.. .236 .2ti .U3
S - OoolingSeaeon W - HeatingSeason
106 Table 21.
values of ‘lu’~:
Acoustic ~suticion.
)
w @instruction: @*ltion If +’
DIu &
1,,~ Sobr %dlation........... ---- .199 .ti6
~ F
tl. Spc. ~, WeatherMr to Insidefir. .183 .170 .153Sea Waterto InsideAir... ● ~3 .19h .178
. ......... .... .......~,,* ::;:, Insidefir to ~gide Air.. ●185 .172 .155
M.
bsik ALr b WeatherAh. .191 .M3 .168Mel w. IneideAir to Sea Water... .188 .180 .165l!!prf. panel InsideAir to IngideAir.. .177 .M5 .U6
2,,~ Sotir ~diation........... ---- .U9 .U2
F
tl. Air Spc. g* WeatherAir to Insidehr. “137 .130 .120Sea Waterto InsideAir... .ti8 .ti3 .13h... ................
1,!’‘A :!:; InsideAir to Ingidefir.. .U9 .131 .121Ml. -..--..
tiaidefir to WeatherAir. ::; .,133 .125hel u. Mgide Air to Sea Water... .U2 .124!!psrf.~el baide fir to ~aide fir.. .U3 .126 .U
~411MHO
s “ ~~
tl. 2. ~s. hside Air to heids W.. .368 .2ti
U2 .
elm psrf.~el u. tigideAir to fieida-.. .352 .246
3/~flME s. hside fir to hslds ti. . .351 .257
ti3.
w. hside Air to hside fir.. .337 .239
s.
u .
w.
S - @oMg Season U = HeatingSeason
107
Tabb 21
ValWs of “Un
Acouotichstition
p DoMtmotion: Con&tIon:t
u &+
D
.,
9.
U5.
w.
..
s.
U .“
w.
9.
U7 .
,;w.
9,
m .
u.
s.
u 9.
n,
S - @oMng Season W = Heattig Season
Wble 22
Wood Decking—
Wood deck covering iB ueed extensively at promenade and weather decks
in ~ssenger areas, and at supergtncture decks in cargo ships. From the
polnt of comfort it is considered the moat degirable deck covering, and !t
requires little maintenance except scmbbing and periodic caulkjng.
Deck planking generally specified is the best quality Dowhs Fir,
2-5/8” thick, applied edge grain up by 4-~/8°wide,finishedsize, in
plankg not neea than 16 feet long. In topsideareassuch as the navigating
bridge,1-3/1)”thickhuglas Fir or teakplankingmay be used. me mrgin
plantfittedagainstthe deckhousela generallyof teak,8 by 3 inches, and
tapering to 2-5/8”for properdrainage.
me planksare laidforeand aft,with the edgegrainup. ~ey are
aet tn a thick coat of rust preventive compound, white lead ~8te being
c(]nsideredone of the best mterials to be used for the protection of the
steel deck plates. me planks are fastened to the steel plating by means
of studs which are welded to the steel platiog. Wits penetrating the
plating shmld not be used. me stud holes in the planking are sealed
with bungs and the seams are caulked with one thread Of cOttOn and two
threais of oakum then ~yed with a special type of elastic seam composition.
Wood decking has a definite insutitlon mlue, ranging in “ktlfactors
from .82forwhite pine to 1.44 for white ak.
Where wood decking is used, me herican Sureau of Shipping permits
slight reduction in euperatructuredeck phti~ thicknesses.
Tabb 22—.
Value of.PUm
Wood bck timbinationa.
w Oonatmotiont btition:. . , t i
-’ ‘ ‘ida*rtotiaide fir** .; ‘ ~D
Sohr titit$on...........
)0. hsibtir to Weatherfir. .&28w.
Weida tir to haide Air.. .347 .27~
Sohr Sadation.......... .2as.
haida w to wide m,. .27h .2U
‘L
beib ?.irto Weath*rU. .3Mv.
hsida fir to haide fir.. .258 .195
L3~1$ D.F. Sohr ~tiation.......... .249s.
hnide tir to hsida AAr.. .256 .2ti
‘2,
tiaidafir to Waather-. .208
3/MtlWmti ~.haide fir to Maida Atr.. .248 .~6
Sohr htiation........... .225s.
hsiti Air to fisidafir.. .232 .Mh
‘3.
Wide fir to WeatherU. .256
*81~rititi ‘.hsih tir to hsida W.. .22b .172
Sohr ~tition ........... .202s.
~eide fir to hsida fir.. .207 .U9
‘4.~Eide fir to WeatherM .226
w.~siti tir to ~sida Mr.. .201 .U8
s-@OMng Seamn U i Heat- Season
110
Tabh 22
Valuesof ‘!U’l
Wood hck bmblnationa
w Construction: Contitiontt Ju & D
Sohr ~diation ........... .259s.
haide Air to InsideAir.. .238 .207
.75.InsideAir to Weather Air. .259
w.InsideAir to halda Air.. .228 .19L
Sokr ~diatlon ........... .1939.
hside Air to Insidefir.. ●~97 .fi2
hside Air to Weathertir. .2~u.
~aide Air to tisidaAir.. .189 .K1
L3/h!tD.F. Sobr SadiatiOn........... .1848.
hsida Air to @side Air.. .188 .~6.77.
tiaidaAir to WeatherAir. .1993/161!~riniti W*
haide Air to keide Air.. ●181 .U5
Sour ~diation ........... .171
hsida Air to ~side Air.. .17L .ti6
hside Air to Weather Air. .18L
hBida Air to keide Air.. .M .137
~3/&llD.F.
P’
SObr Mtiation........... .S8Stl. s.
haib Air to hside Air.. .- .136.79.
ChannelInsideAir to WeatherAir. .168
7/8”Wriniti ‘.1“ TF~.
IneideAir to ti8ideAir.. .155 .128
9 - @oling Seaaon W - Heat- Seaaon
,..
Tabk 22
Wood Mok Cotiinations -
w “tH
@natmction t Condition:+
u ~ D
Sohr ~tiation........... .227s.
~side Air to hside Ati.. .210 .185
hside Air to Weatherfir. ● 221w.
InsideAh to hside Ur.. .ml .173
Sotirhdiation........... .175s.
hbide Ah to heide W.. .177 .U8
~side Air to Weathertir. .185w.
hside Air to tiaidmAir.. .170 .138
Sobr Iwdiation........... .ms.
Insidefir to IneideAir*. .170 .U3M2 ,
heide Air to Weatherfir. .177w.InsideAir to InsideAir.. .~3 .13&
Sokr ~tiation........... . .K7s.
InsideAir to resideAir.. .~8 .135MJ . t [.t~ 1.
hside Air to Weatherfir. ●l&w.
~aih Alr to Ingih Air.. .152 .126
Sohr Mtiation........... .M5s.
InsideAir to hside Air.. .U7 .u6
Wgide Air to WeatherAir. .152v.
Insib Air to hside Air.. .U2 .U9
S - @otig Seaeon W- Heattig Season
112
Table 22
Valuesof “U’!
Wood ~ok Combinations
m Oonstructio,n: Contition:t \u & D
b3/b” D.F.
+
Solar Mdiation .......... .2hlStl. 9.
Inside Air to Inalde Air.. .222 .194
185.2. TFOB
Ineide Air to Weather Air. .236n.
~aide’Air to ~side Air.. .212 .182
l-3/&nD.F.
,?
Sotir Mdiatlon.......... .183Stl. s.
heide Air to IneldeAir.. .~86 .Eb186. “’’”:’’’”:“’’”‘::’“’;’’”“’’”’”
2,,~~ InsideAir to WeatherAir. .195
Chnnel w.
S.M.Mng InsideAir to InsideAir.. .178 .W
SObr btiation........... .1758.
bside tir to WSide fir.. .177 .U9M7*
Insidefir to WeatherAir. .ti6v.
Insidefir to Insidetir.. .170 .U9
1-3/411D.F. .
* ~~
SOMr ~tiation..........Stl.
.1639.
,. ~Bide Air to hside fir.. .ti5 .40M8. “’’’’”’:’’”’”’’’”‘“’“’”’’:”’:’:‘“
2,, TF~ hside Air b WeatharAir. .172CbMEl w.
~n Mrinite heide Air to tialdeAir.. .159 .U1
L3/LtlD.F. Sobr ~tiation.......... .U1stL 9.
Aq~ . .,! In8ide Air to Inside fir.. .152 .130..............,......7............,.:...189. ? I-——-~
Inside Air to Weather Air. .158w.
~side Air to Inside Air.. .47 .123
,
S - Cooling Season V - Heating Seaaon
Tabh 22
Valws of nun
Uood Decktimbinations
m @netmotion t titition tt +
u A D
U3flW D.F.
+
So~r Satiation.......... .185Stl. s.
haide Air to IneideMr.. .172 .155
1~. ‘“‘:’”:’“!’’’::’‘“‘:::‘f;‘“‘“2. TF~
~eide Air to Weatherfir, .178u.
hside Air to ~side U.. ●M5 .~6
Sobr Satiation.......... .M93.
Mside fir to haida U. .Uo .129
U1. 4 Itk 1“,;
-Ide Air to WeatherAir. .U3u.
haide Air to hside fir.. .U .120
Sotir~~ation .......... .U3
Weide Air to tisidefir.. .U5 .125
haide Air to WeatherAir. .ti8
hside Air to balde Air.. .139 .U7.
l-3/hnD.?,
*
Sobr ~dAatiOn.......... .135tl. s.
InsideAir to ~ide Air.. .136 .m193. “:‘“’;““’”’”‘:‘“”:”’’’;’”
20 ~~ haide Air to Weatherfir. .139*W1
@ WrU@ ‘= ~side Air to ~side Ah.. .U1 .U
L3/b” LF.
“ *
Sobr Satiation.......... .126st~ s.
hside Air to Insidefir.. .127 .U2.,:..,.,,.......................Mb
2. TF~ InsideAir to WeatherAir. .130channel w.7/a~ tititi IngideAir to Mgide Air.. .123 .ti
.<
-.
S = tioMng Season W = bati~ Soaaon
—
~e
—
195.
—.
196.
——
1974
-.-—
198.
1994
—
Table22
values of I’uft
Wood Deck Combimtione
Conatruotionl
+
r2-5/8m D.F.r Stl.
=. .
—
s.
—
w.
—
9.
—
w.
—
s.
—
w.
—
9.
—
I
Iw.
s,
u.
Cotition:t
u &
;o~r ~diation...........
kside Air to.In6ideAir.. .219
haide Air to WeatherAir. ● ti5
[neide Air to Ineide Air .24
$oUr ~tiation ...........
~eide Air to Ineideti.. .m3
I I
Sotirhtiatlon........... I
IneideAir to InsideAir.. .174 IIneideAir to Weatherfir.I .190 I
baide Ati to hside Air.. .171—
+D
.296
.231
.220
.213
.177
.166
.202
.169
.160
.187
.158
.U9
.170
.u6
.139
..—
.
.
S- OooM~ 9eaaon W = ieati~ Seaeon
,.
115TaQle 22
Values of l!Un
Wood md Combination
w Oonatmctionl Con&tIon1t +u & D
Sohr ~diation . . . . . . . . . . .209
s.~aide Air to IngideAir.. .195 .173
200.L 1,,TFCB
IngideAir to WeatherAir. .2~w.
InsideAir to InsideAir.. .190 .166
Sohr bdiation........... .16Ls.
~aide Air to InsidoAir.. .fi7 .U1
201.
haide Air to WeatherAir. .177w.
IngideAir to IneideAir.. .162 .133
2-5/6~flD.F. Sotirbdiation........... .157Stl.
tiaideAir to InsideAir.. .160
2Y” %,. : 1n9i~Airt0 weatherAir ●~70 ;:InsideAir to ~aide Air.. .156
Sour &diation........... .U79.
haide Air to ~gide Air.. .150 .1*
203. f
tiaideAir to WeatherAir. .158w.
hside Air to kgide Air.. .~6 .122
Sobr Wdiation.......... .138s.
IngideAir to hside Air.. .Uo .121m.
IngideAir to WeatherAir. .N7w.
hgide Air to InsideAir.. .136 .U5
S - ~oling SeaBon W - Heating Seagon
116‘rable22
Valuea of ‘tUII
Wood M ok Mmbinations
w Constmction: ConMtion:t Iu & D
Sotir ~diatiOn ........... .M8
s,~side Air to ~side Air.. .176 .U8
D5.
~alde Air b Weather Ur. .m6u.
fieide Ur to hside ~.. .171 .E1
Sohr Mdiation........... .E19.
Mside Air b ~side Ah.. .G2 .U1
haide Air to Weatherti. .mu.
haide Air b 2neldeAir.. .M8 .123
Sohr ~tiation........... .Uss.
In9itiAir to hside Air.. .U7 .12637. 4
hside Air to WeatherAir. .s3u.
@side Air to haide Air.. .M3 .Mo
2-5/811D.F.
*
Sotirtidiation........... .137Stl. ‘ s.
,, fisideAir to heide Air.. .U8 .120)8. ““ ‘“‘“”’‘“““’”
1,,TF~B hside Air to WeatherAir. .Uchannel w.
~“ Wriniti Mside Air to hside Ah.. .135 .ti
Sohr btiation........... .u8s.
fiai~”Air to ~9ide Air.. .129 .U
resideAir to Weatherfir. .U5w.
IneideAir to heide Air.. .126 .m
S- holing Season W = HeatingSeaeon
Table22
valma Of nu’1
Wood DeckCotiinatiom
117
p @nattiotiont Oonditiontt +’
u & D
Sobr ~tiation........... .197s.
Waide Air to hside Mr.. .M5 .ti5
2M.
Wside fir”to WeatherAir. .197u.
fiaideAir to ~side &.. ●~79 .157
Sotir~diation..........~ .1579.
Wside Air to haide Air.. .X8 .U5
InsideAir b WeatherAir. ●U7u.
S.M.Mning Inei& Air to heide Air.. .m .128
Sob ~diation......o.... .U1s.
haide Air to tieideti.. .s3 ,131
2U.
L’ 2,1 T~ fisida +r to Weather Air. ●M@nnel w.
3/MllMriniti haide Air to ~side ti.. .U8 .123
2-5/8flD.F.
*
Sohr Mediation.......... .ti2stL s.
baide Air to fiaideW.. .U3 .la......... .... ....2U.
2W T~ @ide Air to WeatherAir. .s0eel w.
Au ~rtite hside Air to Maide W.. .Uo .n7
Sokr Satiation........... .U2s.
~siti Air to ~sih Air.. ●m .U7
.2*8
hside Air to WeatherAir. .Uow.
~aide Air to hside &.. .131 .U
S - Coohg Seaaon W= HeatingSeaaon
118Table 22
values of “u“
Wood h ck Combination
m Constnotiont ConditionIt
u &+’
D
Sobr ~diation........... .U7s.
~gide Air to InsideAir.. .M9 .136
2U.
In9ideAir to WeatherAir. .155w.
fi9ideAir to fieideAir.. ●U .Uo
Sotir~~ation ........... .U1s.
heide Air to ~eide Air.. .U2 .U
~side Air to WeatherAir. .u6u.
heide Air to helde Air.. .U9 .U
Sokr %diation........... .126,9.
hside Air to ~eide Air.. .L27 .U2
217.
haide Air to WeatherAir. .131w.
~aide Air to Meide Air.. .124 .106
Sobr Satiation...,....... .120s.
kgide Air to hside &.. .121 .U7
Meide Air to WeatherAir. .14w.
hside Ur to ~side tir.. .W ..U2
Sobr btiation . . . . . . . . . . . .-s.
~eide Air to bside Air.. .@ .M2
219. ?
hgide Air to Weather Air. .U7
w.hside Air to hgide Air.. .lU .097
S = OOoMng ~eaaon W- HeatingSeaeon
119
Tabb 22
Valwa of “U”
wOOa Mok Oomblmtlona
m OonstNotiont Conditiontt tu & D
Sotirbdiation............ .U8s.
mslaa m to msiaa m... .Uo .lW
haiti h to Weather*. .U2n.
Mside Mr to ~sida M.. .Uh .M2
So& tiation ........... .130s.
MS1* m to moiti m.. .@ .lM
~sida Air b WeatherMr. .M7w,
hsida Air to Mside ti.. .120 .m
9.
222.
u.
9.
223,
n.
s.
2a*
w.
9- Oootig 9aason V - Wating Sea-
Table 23
Magnesite Deck Coverings
Wgnesite {S a widely used finish deck covering at crew and working
spnces and ~ssages . It has excellent wearing qualities, is easy to
m~~intain,and is available in colors. A thickness of l/2° 8CratCh coat,
over which a quarter inch thick hard coat is troweled to a smooth finish
is satisfactory for deck areas subject to normal wear. At passages and
other’areas subject to heav traffic a 3/4” scratch and 1/4” hard coat
application is recommended. To prevent corrosion of the deck under the
magnesite, the steel should be
of two coats of “Koml” sho>lld
the mgnesite.
Regular magnesite scratch
Insulation scratch coat (Selby
has a l’k”factor Of 1.88. me
difference in price, the “MIS”
thoroughly cleaned and a barrier consistil]g
be applied prior to the installation of
c~t has an insulation “k’’-mlue of 5.60.
@2-Oil), hereinafterreferredto aS “~S”
to its insulationvalueand the slight
Is preferredfor installationin accOreo-
dations over unheated bridge enclosures and other spaces with aimilar
exposure.
Where heavier topside insulation is required on decks over
spaces and heated oil tanks, the installation of “Kaylo” blocks
magnesite coating hae proven effective. The steel deck must be
cleaned and covered with two coats
installed to prevent corrosion.
The average heat transmission
tion Is .22 B~/KR. /SQ.FT./~. for
~yer of 15} felt paper, 3/4” ~S,
of “Koml”> before the Kaylo
mchinery
under the
thoroughly
Block iG
through the Kaylo-~nesite compos~-
a combination of 1“ Kaylo Block, one
and 1/4” hard coat. This installation
will yield on approximate improvement of 33$ overa usual installationof
3“ mineralWOO1 and sheathingbetweenthe beams below deck.
121
Table 23
Ma~esite Wck ~veringa:
.
.
.
Insti~ationMtiil
K~k-Na@eeite bmbination.
(OcnetmctionaNo. U & 2L5).
Mmeeite Hard mat Finish(Sew # ~-002), ~~” t~~*
~~eeite ~stited Scratch(Selby# 92-OU), 3/hn~~.
Bend studo-r weher.
WeM stude1211oenterto oenterti nws 6N a-. At pfiter
2 ooateof Komd of spaoe,WM studs6flcenterto oenter,3tifmm btieada.
-He~eaia Bbok, “orKV1O Bhok,or equal.
HUT TWM~SSION @WFICIENTS :
IIkllfOr steel......................................300.00!!kltfor~tiooatkg .......................... MeregardIIkllfor~~esia Block.............................. 0.51nkn fOr KayloBlock................................. 0.33,IkllfOr~# felt paper............................. 0.25ilk!)for 3.~#galva~zed . ..................... Diaregdtlktlfor ~atited Scratch........................... 1.88Nkl$for mrd mat . .......... .................... 6.00
nfpl$flowup at 800~................................ 1.65‘fallflouup at ~0 F.............................. . 2.57!lfP,tf~”do~ at goof.............................*0.90!Ifellf~wh~ at 50°F.............................. 1.U
.
9 n ~oling Season W= Heating Sea~n
= “
123
Valws of nun”
Mweeite ~ok Coveringo
.
.
S = @otig Senaon W = HeattigSeaeon
Tnbh 23
Valwo of OIUI*
Wme site Mck Covefings
S - CoolingSeason W- HeatingSeason
.
t
.
S = 00oMng Seaeon U - Heattig 6eaeon
\
Table 23
Values of I’U’I
Mgnea ite Deck ~verlngs
9 - holing Seaaon M - Heating Season
Special Constructions
Construction details No. 250, 251 and 252 should not be considered
as suitable for insuktion and pertiin to anti-sweat treatment for carKo
holds, voids, store room, and similar s~cea “boundingon the w-ther or
eea water where no heating in provided. me inside surfaces coeff~cientB
are based on the following tempentures:
Cooling HeatingSeamon: Season:——
Compartments above waterline..................... 1100 20°
Com~rtmente below waterline..................... 900Adjoining ventihted smces ...................... 900 :::
Conntmction detiils
between fuel oil settling
----------------
No. 253 ~d 254 apply to vertical boundaries ,
ta~ ‘andholds. Since the flow of oil is
eporadic and of low vel~ity, the liquid la considered statiom~ and
it is therefore aseumed that the interior tank eurfme tem~nture is
the same M the tempenture of the liquid. Surface coefflclenta on the
hold side of the tink are heed on the follmi~ temperatures:
Cooling Season............ 90% .Heating Season............ 35%.
. -----------------
For inaukted deck constructiondetailsovertanke,see ~ble 23,
~nesia and ~nesite deck coverings.
Table 2h
Valuesof ‘lU’l
9poial OOnstrootiOne
m @nstnotion t Contitiontt t
u A D
Sohr ~tition ............ ---- 1.53 1.27Weatherfir to halde tir ---- ---- ----
9. ~~ide fir tO Sea Water...1::; 1.06 .92
~gide fir to Insidefir.. .71 .5729.
baide fir to WeatherU. 1.17 .98 .82Oran.Oork -t w. hside ,firto Sea Watir... L09 .93 .79
fiaide~r to hside Mr.. .75 .@ .L6
Sobr Satiation.......... ---- 1.63 1.33Weatherfir to baide tir. ---- ---- ----
9* hside ti to 9ea Water... L29 l:g .96~side Ur to hside &.. .92 .59
251.
hside Air to Weatherfir. 1.24 1.02 .85v. Weide Ati to Sea Water... l.u .96 .82
heiti M to Mlde fir.. .77 .62 .47
Sohr hdtation........... ---- L57 L 29Weathertir to ~side tir. ---- ---- ----9. fielde~r to sea water..●
’52* *
L 25 1.08 :;:Insidefir to belb Ur.. .91 .72
hside flr to WeatherMr. 1.21 Loo .8&u. tiaideh to Sea Water... 1.U .95 .81
haide Ur to hside ~.. ..76 .61 .L6
T
Stl. 3W Fhetigb3/bn D.F. s. Tank h Wide Ur........ -— .42 ---
253. T~ HoU
= W39
6M Fhstigw. Tankto hide W... ..... ---- .39 ---
1. ~~
gt~ ;;2. ~a
s. Tank to tilde ti ........ ----Wire Wenh.090 —
25~. g ‘~ ~350
3/h”tir SP09L3/Lu ~.F. n. Tad to hide m... ..... -— .089 -—
:,
S - tiltig Sea@on U “ Heatbg Seaeon
.
*
Table2U
Valuesof ‘Un
SPoial Constnctions
m tinstmctioni tintitionIt +u & n
9.
255.
u.
..
s.
256. -. .
u.
s.
257.
u.
s.
258.
u.
s.
259.
w.
S - boMng SOaaOn W - Heat@ Seaeon
Appnti I
11C,t~ot~~* f ~~
Varioua ~ee of @nstmotion.
1
,
.70
.Lo
.30
.m
.M
.0s
,..,
.80 80
.70 70
.& m
1
(t.o. ..b
: .~o 50Q,x>z
.Lo Lo
.30 30
.20 2U
.U M
.05 05
Mean Temperature ‘F.
.
.
3
.,
.
,.
.
b
,. ! ,,
*S.
The-1 Conduotitity of Mterials.
.
b
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11,.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
BIBLIOGRAPHY AND REFERENC~
Do&TlnE Fir Plpood AssociatIon, Tacoma 2, Washington, - Technical bta
BulJ.etin,Section 5, dated 1 November 1958.
U. S. ForestProductoLaboratory,~dison, Wi~cOnain,- TechnicalNotes
NO. 218 and 248.
RVACGuide196o,The berican Societyof Heatingand Ventilating
Engineera.
Buffalo Forge “Fan
.Jenningsand Lewis
E:ngineerlng”,5th
“Air Conditioning
Chemical Engineering SerieB - Wm. H.
Edition.
and Refrigeration”, Jrd Edition.
tiAdams - “Heat fiansmission”.....
F. W. Hutchingon - “IndustrialRest fiansfer”.,>,?.*A
Mx iJakoband G. A. Hawking - “Elements of Heat Transfer”, 3rd Edition. ;,f,
U. S. N. Bureau of Ships Design ~ta Sheet D~3~l-1, dated 27 July 1950.
U. S. N. Bureau of Ships Degign ~ta Sheet D~3901-1, dated 1 Dec. 1948.
Mtid Arnott - “Design and Construction of Steel Merchant ships”,
published by SN~ 1955.
Johns-kntille Corp., 22 East 40th Street, New York 16,. N. Y.
Owens-Corning Corporation, Industrial & Commercial Construction
Mterlals Div. 717 Fifth Ave., New York 22, N. Y.
The Wsonite Corporation, 111 West Washington St., Chicago 2, 111.
Selby, Battersby & Co., 5220 Whitby Ave., Phihdelphia 43, Pa.
me CelotexCorporation,120 SouthLaSalleStreet,Chicago3, 111.
CrOSsfield ProductsCorporation, 142 Valley Road, Roselle Park, N.J.
U. S. Coagt Guard, Equi~ent Lists - Itemg approved or accepted under
~rine Ing~ct ion and Navigation Laws (CG-190), April 2, 1962.
19. U. S. CoastGuard;Navigationand Ina~ction CircularNo. 6 - 54,
“~ical ClaSSA-60,A-30,A-15 and A-O RulMeads and Wcks”, dated
22 September, 1954.
20. U. S. Department of Co~erc e, National Sureau of Stand]rds report
#151,- “~ermal Resistanceof Air~~ces and FibrousInsulat~Ona
boundedby reflectivesurfaces.’~
,’
.L.
5U?fL~MENT
@
.,<.4 !,,,
,. ~o”NoED,.--’ $: ,8935 i..,-
0, ,“,.‘,,,..”
The Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers601 PAVONIA AVENUE, JERSEY CIV, NEW JERSEY, 07306.201 798-4600 ● FAX 201796-4975
April7,1998
Mr.B- WeismmAlanC.McCIW Assoc.Inc.2600SoutiGessnerSuite504Houston,~77063
DearMr.Weisman:
We acknowledgereceiptofyourletterofMarch 30,1998advisingoftheconfusionregardingthe
deftitionofthe“kvalue”for~ermd Conductivityaslisted on page 2 of T&R Bdletk4-7ThermalInsolationReport.
Thewording of the definitiondoesindicatethatthe“oneinchofthickness”ispartofthedeftitionwhichasyoupotitedoutisnotcorrect.The”k value”instandardheattransfercdcdationsreferstoastandard1inchticknessofmaterialandtheforrmdaisB~~WSq.Ft.loF.
Inasmuchastiebdletinisover30yearsoldandtherem nolongerprintedcopiesavailablewhenrequests are receivedforthisbdletincopiesaremadekm amastercopy.We havecomectedthemastercopy by placing tie words (one inch of thickness) in brackets to indicate it isa notation and not p- of the forrrtda. Attached is a copy of tie page as now included in themaster copy.
We tianyou for dling this confusion to our attention. .
CharlesW. W]lsonTechnidCoordinator
A Alan C.McCLURE ASSOCIATES, INC.
Naval Architects . Engineers
March 30, 1998
The Society of Naval Architects and Marine EngineersPublications Department601 Pavonia AvenueJersey City, NJ 07306
Dear Sirs,
I have discovered an error in the SNAME Technical and Research Publication No. 4-7, ThermalInsulation Report.
Page 2 of the report holds Definitions and Symbols for the subject of Heat Transfer. It is theunits msociated with the variable k, Thernrul Corrduciivi&, that is in error. The units are reportedto be BTU/HWSq. FI./ OF/one inch of (hickness. This expression could be written
BTU , but the standard units fork found in most references isBTU
ashrft20 Fin hr, ft,O F Ifyou
study the dimensional units in each, you will note that the first expression has three length values(fiA2*in) in the denominator. This is incompatible with the single length value in thedenominator of the second (and vastly more popular) expression. Clearly, something is omiss,
If I wanted to take standard k values for a unit foot thickness of a substance mrd convert them tovalues for a unit inch thickness of the same substance, the derivation would look like this:
This mea;s data provided within the report for unit inches of thickness ue to be divided by 12 toconvert them to the standard unit foot of thickness. This makes perfect sense because we aretalking about Conductivity. The smaller thickness (one inch) is capable of transmitting moreheat than the larger thickness (one foot) by a factor of 12, This has also been confirmed bychecking vatues in the report for such materials as oak, fiberglms, and water against numerous
other references.
T&R 4-7 Error 1
2600 SouthG,%,..,. Suite504. Houston.Texas77063-3270. (7 13) 789-1840. Fax: (7 13) 789.1347 . E.Mail:i“[email protected]”c.c.m
Alan C,McCLURE ASSOCIATES, INC.
One reference reported the units as BTUwhich lends some insight into the way they
hr~z.~’
were recorded in the SNAME T&R, Thiscould be expressed as BTUinhrfi20F
Dimensionally,
this puts one length unit in the numerator which could cancel one in the denominator and wouldbe compatible with the more popular expression. The last two expressions are both correct,hence either would be a suitable amendment to the T&R bulletin.
It would also be useful if you provided the following conversion table as a supplement:
wl— = 0.57779
BTU
rno c hr. ft.° F
1~ = 6.93349BTU
hr@2~
BTU1
1 BTU——
hr.fi2.~-~2hrfi0F
Your cooperation in amending this bulletin is greatly appreciated.
Best regards,AlanC.McClureAssociates,Inc.
.,,,. ,’ :
Brain WeismanSNAME 4584680
T&R 4-7 Error 2
D~INITIONS AND SY~OH——_ _
me following 18 a list of comonly use: standard terms and symbols.
Special terms and e~bols ueed in the text are defined where used.
A=
a=
aa =
B~ =
c=
f=
fi =
Bomdary area in square feet, This is the plane boundary area, not
including the surface area of the stiffeners.
Specific area indicated.
Air Space.
British Thermal Unit. The quantity of heat.required to raise the
temperature of one pound of water one degree Fahrenheit at or near
its m~imum density.
~emal Conductance of
given thickness. Thi9
.
structure or material,B~/~/Sq.Ft. /0F for
doee not includethe conductance of the
surface film c0efficient9 “fp” wd “fS“.
Total surface film coefficient = (hc + hr) B~/~/Sq.Ft ,/°F.
Inside surface film coefficient.
fo = Outside gurface film coefficient.
fp=
fe,=
h=
ho =
hc =
hr =
k=
L=
1=
Smface film coeffIcient on the plane aide of a deck or bul~ead.
Surface film coefficient on the stiffenerside of a deck or bulkhead.
Heat transfer coefficient, BW/HS/Sq.Ft ./°F.....
Overall heat transfer coefficient,~/~/Sq.Ft./%.
Heat transfer gurface film coefficientby convection, BN/~/Sq.Ft .j~ ,
Heat trangfer surface film coefficientby radiation, BTU/~/Sq.Ft ./°F.@#
~ermal Conductivity of mteriala, B~/~/Sq.Ft ./%/[one inch of
thicknegg.9Length of heat flow path = total depth of stiffener . lerigthof web +
length of f~nge.
Depth of the covered part of a stiffener.
