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Panel: “Global Transformations: Opportunities for supranational articulation”
A perspective on philanthropy and social field in Mexico
Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. April 4, 2008.
Lourdes Sanz Moguel Effectiveness and Services
Director
600 million inhabitants
300 million living in poverty
Brazil, Mexico and Argentina among 20 major economies in the world;
4.3% constant annual growth until 2015 is needed to reduce poverty in the region by 50%.
In spite of economical growth during the last five years, extreme poverty has not been reverted.
Latin America in numbers
Fuente: Cepal, 2006
Mexico in numbers
Fuente: Cemefi
Almost 2 million Km2
104 million inhabitants
15 million in rural areas
25 million do not have access to basic services
45 million living in poverty
17 million in extreme poverty;
180,000 communities with under 500 inhabitants each, concentrate extreme poverty.
Only 20% pay taxes properly
22,000 million USD were sent into the country in 2007 by Mexican residents in US.
Non profit field in Mexico: in numbers
Fuente: Cemefi
20 000 non profits working in social causes
85% of CSOs´ income comes from fees and services provided, 9% comes from government and only 6% from philanthropy
5 752 Organizations endorsed by the SHCP (Tax Office) as “Deductible Gift Recipients (2006)
250 Grantmaking foundations.
461 000 people working in the field (includes volunteers and employees)
Tendencies on the growth of organizations endorsed by SHCP (Tax Office) as
“Deductible Gift Recipients”
1426
2714
3421
405144504512
5150550056005700
51285394
5752
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007Fuente: Cemefi
Deductible Gift Recipients 2006 in each State
Fuente: Diario Oficial de la Federación 2007
No. STATE Total Donatarias Autorizadas
No. STATE Total Donatarias Autorizadas
1 Aguascalientes 66 17 Morelos 85
2 Baja California 149 18 Nayarit 18
3 Baja California Sur 24 19 Nuevo León 384
4 Campeche 21 20 Oaxaca 100
5 Coahuila 171 21 Puebla 191
6 Colima 63 22 Querétaro 143
7 Chiapas 80 23 Quintana Roo 54
8 Chihuahua 267 24 San Luis Potosí 107
9 Distrito Federal 1744 25 Sinaloa 126
10 Durango 31 26 Sonora 181
11 Guanajuato 209 27 Tabasco 27
12 Guerrero 50 28 Tamaulipas 100
13 Hidalgo 66 29 Tlaxcala 16
14 Jalisco 376 30 Veracruz 178
15 Estado de México 320 31 Yucatán 141
16 Michoacán 238 32 Zacatecas 26
COUNTRY TOTAL 5752
National Survey on Philanthropy and Civil Society (ITAM - 2005) found out giving habits in Mexico are as follows:
77% give to beggers, 82% give to the church and other religious organizations 91% reports that at least once, has given to an organization; 79% prefer to give to a person in need rather than to an institution.
Fuente: Encuesta Nacional Sobre Filantropía y Sociedad Civil. Instituto Tecnológico Autónomo de
México (Proyecto sobre Filantropía y Sociedad Civil), 2005.
Giving in Mexico
Grants in Mexico
Institutional Grants(According to Authority Report)
Amount of grants (million USD)
Annual Reserve for government grants (SHCP-2007 Budget)
2,550
Other grants reported 1,600
Fuente: Cemefi
Grantmaker Field composition %
Corporate Foundations 31
Corporate Social Programs 21
Independient and Family Foundations 26
Community Foundations 12
Intermediaries (pass through) 5
Operational Foundations (funds only its own projects and programs)
5
Grantmakers in Mexico, by type and State
Entidad Federativa foundations
Comunitarias
foundationsIndependientes
Y Familiares
foundations Intermediarias
foundationsOperativas
foundationsEmpresariale
s
Programasempresarial
esTotal
Baja California Sur 2 2
Chihuahua 2 3 2 1 8
Coahuila 1 1
D.F. 29 4 3 35 13 84
Durango 1 1
Estado de México 1 1 2 4
Guanajuato 1 1
Jalisco 1 1 1 3
Michoacán 1 1
Morelos 2 2
Nuevo león 1 1 1 3
Oaxaca 1 1
Puebla 1 1 1 3
Querétaro 2 2
Quintana Roo 1 1 2
Sonora 1 3 1 5
Tamaulipas 1 1
Veracruz 1 1
Total 17 38 5 7 43 15 125
Main Grantmaking Foundations in Mexico
Foundation Name Endowmentmillion US
Annual Grants million US
Fundación Grupo Carso 3,000
Fundación Teletón 45
Fundación Telmex 1000
Nacional Monte de Piedad 800 200
Fundación Gonzalo Río Arronte 600
Fondo Mexicano para la Conservación de la Naturaleza 1000 5
Fundación Mary Street Jenkins 80 1.3
Becas Magdalena O. Vda. De Brockmann 40
Fundación BBVA Bancomer 15
Fundación Wal*Mart 13
Comité Cívico de los Distribuidores de Ford 5
Fundación del Empresariado Chihuahuense 3 6
Fundación Merced 7
Compartir Fundación Social 5
Comité Cívico de los Distribuidores Ford 5
Fundación BBVA Bancomer 15
Fundación Manuel Arango 4
Fundación Mexicana para la Salud 3
Corporativa de Fundaciones 1
Fondo Nestlé para la Nutrición 1
Fundación Pfizer 1
Grantmaking Foundations Role
• To support and strengthen innovative ideas and strategies– Mobilize and develop leaderships– Widen perception and increase information about what can be done– Provide practical know how and tools for action
• Focused strategic philanthropic action,
• Flexibility and capacity to provide proper response to needs
• Social investment for public good
• Sustained support to effective CSOs and CSOs programs and projects
• Credibility and legitimacy as a basis to promote and mobilize participation, resources, interest, as well as convene people from different sectors in the community
• Collaboration and synergic action in order to increase impact
Historic overview of philanthropic field in Mexico
First Period: 1521-1860, Colonial Period, Independence and Reform
• Strong presence of Catholic Church in the creation of charities
• Church funded charities with its own wealth and with the gifts form filigrees
• Church´s charities were mainly: attention to the poor, hospitals and schools.
Second Period: 1861-1960
• Strong presence of Government in social issues, particularly after the nationalization of ecclesiastic goods during the Reform.
• In 1899 a decentralized government entity is created: JAP, to supervise and guarantee the use of gifts and legacies for the community, in the donor's intended social causes
• With Mexican Revolution, State consolidates public welfare policies: schooling, health, social security, homing.
Third Period: 1961-1985
• Increased citizenship awareness of social needs
• Increased participation in social issues
• New social causes are identified and supported
• Increased number of civil society organizations working in social causes, both for majorities and minorities
• Philanthropic civil society organizations emergence as a field
Fourth Period: 1986- up to date
• Promotion of philanthropy and voluntary work
• Promotion of corporate social responsibility
• Creation of new grantmaking foundations
• Increased participation in social causes
• New federal legislation approved recognizing social value of civil society organizations´ action and promoting government support for their activities. (2004)
• Fiscal Reform (2007).- Establishing a limit for tax deductible gifts (unlimited before, thus, step back)
Conclusions
There is an important tradition on social help, mainly for humanitarian reasons, closely related to religious motivations.
This tradition is expressed throughout society in every level, and is present also in legal framework.
In Mexico there is not a tradition of institutionalized philanthropy, understanding it as:
• social help linked to business or corporate giving to public good additionally to taxes
• endowed funds under the responsibility of Boards, managed by professionals and protected by specific frameworks
Conclusions
There is still not enough development of legal and fiscal frameworks that stimulate philanthropy or reflect comprehension of the field's relevance in the construction of public good.
Until recently, culture of philanthropy, social responsibility and voluntarism is being promoted.
Currently foundations´ grants are mainly applied to urgent needs rather than to development strategies.
Traditionally corporations tend to give through government institutions
Conclusions
Media promote charity more than grants or social investment.
Even though governments state they want civil society participation in the construction of public good, they fear opening the door to real growth and consolidation of a strong wide civil society field.
There is a surprising increase in the number of CSO and grantmaking foundations.
There is a strong debate on grantmaking effectiveness and transparency.
Challenges
Increase culture of citizenship: value the role of citizen participation in public matters;
Revalue and recognize the important role of civil society organizations as well as the need of their presence and contribution in democratic societies;
Strengthen corporate social responsibility
Recognition of private philanthropy role in the provision of private resources, additional to taxes, that contribute to public good.
Creation and adaptation of legal and fiscal frameworks to promote CSOs field growth and respond to current needs
Who should be involved?
Community: Citizens´paticipation, commitment, action Schools, universities, academic field: research, information and
analysis Civil Society Organizations: increased number, impact,
accountability, quality services Corporate field: increased, effective and strategically directed
corporate social responsibility actions and programs Grantmakers: increased strategic social investment Governments: recognition, promotion and support Congress: Legal and fiscal frameworks
656 Members: 187 Associates (84 foundations and
associations, 67 corporations y 36 individuals) 449 Afiliattes (mainly operative CSOs) 18 Users (government entities interested in
getting Cemefi´s services)
Membership Association created in 1988
El Centro Mexicano para la Filantropía, A.C. CEMEFI
Maria de Lourdes Sanz MoguelEffectiveness and Services Director
Centro Mexicano para la Filantropía, A.C.Cda. De Salvador Alvarado # 7, Col. EscandónMéxico D.F. CP11800 MéxicoTel.: (52) 5277-6111 Fax: (52) 5515-5448http://www.cemefi.orge-mail: [email protected] / [email protected]
Thank you