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Pan-European Research Networks: Past, Present & Future. Michael Enrico Network Engineering & Planning DANTE Ltd Workshop on “The Internet Protocol & Optical Networking” Grasmere, Cunbria, UK 23-25 September 2002. Agenda. DANTE in Context Who? What? Where? How? Who pays? - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Pan-European Research Networks:
Past, Present & Future
Michael Enrico
Network Engineering & Planning
DANTE Ltd
Workshop on “The Internet Protocol & Optical Networking”
Grasmere, Cunbria, UK
23-25 September 2002
Agenda
• DANTE in Context• Who? What? Where? How?• Who pays?
• History (of pan-Euro backbone R&E Networks)
• The early days (EuropaNET)• TEN-34 & TEN-155
• Today• The GN1 project and GÉANT
• Tomorrow• What place for Optical Networking?
Who is ?
• Legal status: “not-for-profit” Limited Company registered in the UK
• Governance:• Board of Directors• NREN Policy Committee
• Started in 1993• Based in Cambridge, UK• Currently ~ 22 people (most in Cambridge)• Broad European makeup of staff
• 11 non-UK
In the Beginning (pre 1992)...
EARN
• Some links to EARN (BitNet)
U N I V E R S I T YU N I V E R S I T Y
U N I V E R S I T YU N I V E R S I T Y
U N I V E R S I T YU N I V E R S I T Y
U N I V E R S I T YU N I V E R S I T Y
U N I V E R S I T YU N I V E R S I T Y
U N I V E R S I T YU N I V E R S I T Y
U N I V E R S I T YU N I V E R S I T Y
U N I V E R S I T YU N I V E R S I T Y
U N I V E R S I T YU N I V E R S I T Y
U N I V E R S I T YU N I V E R S I T Y
U N I V E R S I T YU N I V E R S I T Y
U N I V E R S I T YU N I V E R S I T Y
U N I V E R S I T YU N I V E R S I T Y
U N I V E R S I T YU N I V E R S I T Y
U N I V E R S I T YU N I V E R S I T Y
JANET
RENATER
DFN
GARRRedIRIS
NorduNET
• There were NRENs &...
• Ad hoc bilateral links
EuropaNET (1992)
• RARE contracted EuropaNET from Unisource• Not subsidised by the EC• “Competition” with fledgling E-Bone
• E-Bone later followed the commercial route
• Some suspicion from commercial providers• Would EuropaNET restrict itself to R&E?
• Typical backbone circuits ~E1• Used Telebit routers• Offered a datagram service (X.25, IP & CLNS)• Finished in October 1995
IBDNS (1995)
• International Backbone Data Network Service
• Contracted from BT• Used Cisco routers• Typical NREN accesses ~few M
• JANET access was 8M at the end
• Finished early 1997
TEN-34 & TEN-155 (1997-2001)
• IP Backbone built on managed ATM network• DANTE owned (Cisco) routers• TEN-34 (Early 1997)
• Typical backbone circuit ~16M (e.g. London-Paris)• Odd 34M circuit in backbone
• TEN-155 (Late 1998)• Started with single ring of STM-1• Finished up with main ring at 4 x STM-1• Typical NREN accesses at STM-1• Finished end of 2001
http://www.dante.net/ten-155/ten155net.gif
January 2000 Topology
USA
Israel
Cyprus
JapanNACSIS
January 2000Topology
155 Mbps
10 Mbps34/45 Mbps
TEN-155 Services
• IP transit service for European NRENs• Connectivity to North American R&E Networks
• Abilene, ESnet & Canarie• via DANTE POP in New York
• DANTE World Service• Connectivity to UUnet in NY (by additional
subscription)
• European Commodity Service• “Peerings” with InfoNet
• Managed Bandwidth Service (MBS):• end-to-end ATM CBR & UBR PVCs
• Advanced IP services: e.g. Multicast
A pan-European R&E network with a dual remit:
• To provide production network services to the European R&E community
• To provide a platform for networking research
GN1 Project:
GN1 Project:
• Planned & procured during 2001• Switched on Nov/Dec 2001• 10 Gbps in 8 locations, 9 circuits• 2.5 Gbps in 7 locations, 12 circuits• 3 main providers: COLT, T-Systems & Telia• Connects 31 NRENs• Connectivity to North America:
• 3 x 2.5Gbps• Connects Abilene, Canarie & ESnet• GTR(E)N POP in New York
• Generous funding of Research Networks by the EC & ...
How so BIG?
36
2,000
20,000
100,000
200,000
1
10
100
1,000
10,000
100,000
1,000,000
96 97 98-99 99-00 00-01
Eur
o / M
bps / Y
ear
average offer price
lowest offer price
Typical GÉANT POP
• A single Juniper M160 router• (except Frankfurt which needs two!)
• Ancillary management/monitoring equipment:• In-POP (switched) FE & GE LAN• Terminal server router (with ISDN & POTS access)• Two Sun workstations
• Housed in 3 or 4 racks or a small suite in (mostly) carrier-neutral datacentres
• Most POPs in capital city• Exceptions: DE (Frankfurt), IT (Milan), CH (Geneva),
PL (Poznan)
Network Management Service
• NMS & NOC outsourced to a company in Paris
• “Second Line” support performed by DANTE Operations team (based in Cambridge)
• Each NREN has an Access Port Manager (APM)
Customer Services on GÉANT
• (Best effort) IP transit for European NRENs
• DANTE World Service (chargeable extra)• Native Multicast• Premium IP• L2 VPN (using MPLS)
DANTE World Service
• Commodity IP Transit service for NRENs• Chargeable extra• Not all NRENs make use of it• Some use it as a back-up to their own
commodity access• 2 providers: Global Crossing & Telia (was
KPNQ!)• Numerous “peering” points around Europe
• Each at STM-16
• Routing policy: “hot potato”• Subscription levels allowed: up to half of access
New Services
• Less than Best Effort (Scavanger)• Currently undergoing tests
• MBS Replacement?• Need to be able to provide support for projects
(e.g. GRIDs, 6net, testbeds, etc)• Could use Premium IP but what about traffic
isolation?• Could use MPLS L2 VPN but what about BW
guarantees?
Extending the Reach of GÉANT
• EUMEDCONNECT• Providing IP connectivity to EUMEDIS NRENs• Phase 1 (feasibility study) now complete• Phase 2 (procurement, implementation &
operation) to start shortly• Lifetime up to summer 2006
• CAESAR• Extending IP connectivity to Latin America• Still in feasibility stages
A Bit about IP Routing
• IGP is OSPF• TE performed via OSPF metrics• Plan to migrate to IS-IS (to allow for IPv6
support)
• EGP is BGP4• Full mesh of iBGP peerings (no Route
Reflectors)• eBGP peerings with all external peers
• Multicast extensions (MBGP)• Each router maintains a full Internet
routing table
IP Multicast Service
• Access to the service:• Via primary access port• Another possibility is via a GRE tunnel (currently nobody!)• Support PIM-SM v2 only
• 3 Rendezvous Points (RPs) in network• Source distribution via MSDP peerings• Looking at SSM• Operational procedures (rolling out now)
• Goal: fully supported service as for unicast• Plus specific monitoring
• Troubleshooting • Extension of the trouble ticket systems to multicast
incidents
Premium IP Service
• Aims to provide international Virtual Leased Line based on DiffServ
• The Premium IP service is an end-to-end service (site to site) crossing multiple administrative domains
• Defined on the basis of the DiffServ EF PHB which is required to offer:•Bandwidth, low loss, upper bounded
delay and jitter
Premium IP: VLL Service
UK
DE
NREN Janet
DFN
AS20965
GÉANT backbone
AS786
AS680
A
B
RegionalNetwork
RegionalNetwork
SE
FR
streams < 5 % of the BW access
Rate limitation is applied on the NREN access
•Premium IP packets are tagged with DSCP code =46.•Rate Limitation is applied per aggregate on the NREN’s access, based on the total demanded bandwidth towards the destination.•Admission Control is made manually based on the Sum of bandwidth already booked on the destination access.
GÉANT’s Optical Networking Today
• DANTE does not operate it’s own transmission infrastructure
• GÉANT Connectivity:• International Leased Lines• Unprotected SDH circuits for 622M or less• Unprotected “lambdas” for 2.5G and 10G
• Often 2.5G “lambdas” are really SDH circuits
• “White light” (G.957/691) “Thin SDH” interfaces
• Use SR or IR POS interfaces on routers
GÉANT’s Optical Networking Tomorrow?
• Two drivers:• Support for higher bandwidths:
what happens when NRENs start to subscribe to 10G?• Support for projects/user groups:
how do we extract arbitrary bandwidth “channels” from 2.5/10/40G core circuits?
Support for Higher Bandwidths
• Will router vendors offer 40G interfaces (soon)?
• Next generation “40G capable”• What will be the form of these interfaces?
• STM-256 on white light?
• Will xWDM interfaces become incorporated into routers?
• Already appearing in SDH switches• Does this help us at all?
• Will operators offer coloured interfaces?
Support for Projects/User Groups• Just use Layer 3 Techniques? (some say
yes!)• Simplify L2• Use 40G if possible• Are the routers really up to it (2.5G or 10G
tunnels?)
Operator
Network
• Add L2 switch/mux capability ourselves?
Support for Projects/User Groups
Keep POS i/f STM-n
Channelized modePOS STM-n i/f
STM-m(<n)
Operator
Network
• Add L1 capability ourselves?• Offer BoD? (some say no - leave it to
operators!)
Evolution of GÉANT?
Operator
Network
Light channel, λ bundle or even managed fibre?
Nature of i/f?
Optical Testbed Possibilities
• Some European NRENs now have access to dark fibre:
• CESNET (Czech Republic)• PSNC (Poland)• SWITCH (Switzerland)
• PSNC has been trying out Alcatel DWDM equipment
Optical Testbed Possibilities II
• ASTON Project EoI (FP6):• A Step Towards the provision of Optical
Networking• Has come out of TF-NGN activity on optical
networks• Information gathering, knowledge distribution• Find partners to do Europe-wide testing of
technologies & methodologies• Create feedback loops with manufacturers &
providers• Results used for engineering new network
architectures & provisioning models
Conclusions
• Research Networking Community has High Demands
• Early Adopters• Some European NRENs are starting to do
their own transmission• Probably not going to happen on pan-
European scale (at least for foreseeable future)
• However, feeling is that GÉANT and European NRENs will go more optical…
• …we’re just not quite sure how!