Palmer SEC: 62

Essential Question: What reforms did

Napoleon III make to France?

*Bonapartism: The Second French Empire, 1852-1870

*Louis Napoleon Bonaparte

*Louis Bonaparte

*Born 1808 his uncle was Napoleon

*His father had been King of Holland.

*He wanted to recreate the empire

*1836 and 1840 he attempted to lead revolts both failed and he was arrested

*1846 he escaped from prison

*He was seen as a man of the people and a supporter of order

*The Emergence of Louis Napoleon

Bonaparte*Bonaparte’s rise to power

*After the June Days Cavaignac had become a virtual dictator

*Assembly set out to draft a constitution

*Wanted a strong executive branch due to all of the unrest

* Choose to elect a president before constitution was finished

*Bonaparte won the election in a landslide

*He was the only name many recognized

*Elimination of Socialists

*May 1849 Constitutional Assembly was replaced by Legislative Assembly

* 2/3 of the reps were Monarchists but they were divided

* 1/3 were republicans but some were social republicans

* June 1849 there was another socialist uprising in Paris

* This was used to eliminate Socialists

* 1850 vote was restricted/Press was restricted

* 1850 Falloux Law put schools under the supervision of the government

*The Emergence of Louis Napoleon

Bonaparte*How was Bonaparte able to consolidate power

• Monarchist were too divided to threaten Bonaparte.

• Bonaparte had to win radicals• Pushed for universal male suffrage in 1851

• December 2, 1851• Dissolved Assembly• The people of Paris tried to resist but were

repressed• December 20th Bonaparte elected president for

10 years. • A year later he proclaimed the Second French

Empire and himself emperor Napoleon III

*Political Institutions of the Second Empire*Organization French Empire

*Council of State:

*Appointive Senate:

*Legislative Body:

• Composed of experts who drafted legislation and advised on technical matters.

• Could only consult and were appointed by Napoleon III

• Elected by universal male suffrage but had no real power

*Economic Developments under the Empire*Saint-Simonians

*Napoleon III’s socialist reforms

• Shaped economy with the invention of investment banking

• 1850’s created Crédit Mobilier• Raised funds by selling its shares to the public• Then would reinvest in areas it wished to develop

• Economy was strong• Established hospitals and asylums• Unions gained strength

• 1864 strikes became legal• Creation for Free trade

• 1860 Free trade between England and France

*Internal Difficulties and War*Internal Difficulties

*External Difficulties

• Industrialists did not like the free trade treaties due to the increase on competition.

• Catholics did not like interference in Italy• Depression in 1857 took awhile to recover

from.

• War was the down fall for the second French Empire

• Almost continually at war from 1853-1870