PAKISTAN PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS – A SUCCESS STORY?

DR TUGHRAL YAMINASSOCIATE DEAN CIPS, NUST

AIM OF THIS PRESENTATION

TO FIND OUT :• WHY PAKISTAN PARTICIPATES IN UN

PEACEKEEPING MISSIONS DESPITE THE HAZARD INVOLVED?

• WHY HAS THIS BEEN A SUCCESS STORY SO FAR?

NATIONAL AIMS & OBJECTIVES

NATIONAL POLICIES

NATIONAL FOREIGN POLICY

DECISION TO PARTICIPATE

IN A UN MISSION

WHY PAKISTAN PARTICIPATES IN UN MISSIONS?

AIMS & OBJECTIVES OF PAK FOREIGN POLICY

PAKISTAN’S FOREIGN POLICY SEEKS TO PROTECT, PROMOTE AND ADVANCE PAKISTAN’S NATIONAL INTERESTS IN THE EXTERNAL DOMAIN. THE FOREIGN MINISTRY CONTRIBUTES TOWARDS SAFEGUARDING PAKISTAN’S SECURITY AND ADVANCING PAKISTAN’S DEVELOPMENT AGENDA FOR PROGRESS AND PROSPERITY FOLLOWING THE GUIDING PRINCIPLES LAID OUT BY OUR FOUNDING FATHERS. SOURCE: http://www.mofa.gov.pk/content.php?page ID=Foreign%20Policy

GUIDING PRINCIPLES OF PAKISTAN’S FOREIGN POLICY

QUAID-E-AZAM’S VISION OUR FOREIGN POLICY IS ONE OF

FRIENDLINESS AND GOODWILL TOWARDS ALL THE NATIONS OF THE WORLD. WE DO NOT CHERISH AGGRESSIVE DESIGNS AGAINST ANY COUNTRY OR NATION. WE BELIEVE IN THE PRINCIPLE OF HONESTY AND FAIR PLAY IN NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL DEALINGS AND ARE PREPARED TO MAKE OUR UTMOST CONTRIBUTION TO THE PROMOTION OF PEACE AND PROSPERITY AMONG THE NATIONS OF THE WORLD. PAKISTAN WILL NEVER BE FOUND LACKING IN EXTENDING ITS MATERIAL AND MORAL SUPPORT TO THE OPPRESSED AND SUPPRESSED PEOPLES OF THE WORLD, AND IN UPHOLDING THE PRINCIPLES OF THE UN CHARTER.

ARTICLE 40 OF THE CONSTITUTION

THE STATE SHALL ENDEAVOUR TO PRESERVE AND STRENGTHEN FRATERNAL RELATIONS AMONG MUSLIM COUNTRIES BASED ON ISLAMIC UNITY, SUPPORT THE COMMON INTERESTS OF THE PEOPLES OF ASIA, AFRICA AND LATIN AMERICA, PROMOTE INTERNATIONAL PEACE AND SECURITY, FOSTER GOODWILL AND FRIENDLY RELATIONS AMONG ALL NATIONS AND ENCOURAGE THE SETTLEMENT OF INTERNATIONAL DISPUTES BY PEACEFUL MEANS.”

SOURCE: http://www.mofa.gov.pk /content. php?pageID=Foreign%20Policy

PAKISTAN’S UN PEACEKEEPING OBLIGATIONS• PAKISTAN JOINED THE UN ON SEPTEMBER 30, 1947, JUST OVER A MONTH

AFTER ITS INDEPENDENCE.• PAKISTAN IS COMMITTED TO A WORLD IN WHICH UPHOLDING HUMAN

DIGNITY IS THE HIGHEST VALUE AND MAINTAINING GLOBAL PEACE A SACRED DUTY. PAKISTAN ENVISAGES A WORLD WHICH IS FREE OF WANT, HUNGER AND DEPRIVATION. A WORLD WHERE JUSTICE AND FAIR PLAY GOVERN THE AFFAIRS OF HUMAN BEINGS AND INEQUALITY, OPPRESSION AND WAR ARE ABHORRED.

• OVER THE LAST 66 YEARS, PAKISTAN HAS PUT THIS VISION INTO PRACTICE BY MAKING SIGNIFICANT CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE PRINCIPLES AND PURPOSES OF THE UN CHARTER, IN PARTICULAR THE PROMOTION AND MAINTENANCE OF INTERNATIONAL PEACE AND SECURITY, AS A MEMBER OF THE SECURITY COUNCIL AND THROUGH ITS CONTRIBUTION TO UN PEACEKEEPING. IT HAS BEEN AN ARDENT ADVOCATE OF MULTILATERALISM AND THE PRIMACY OF THE UNITED NATIONS IN INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS.

SOURCE: OFFICIAL WEBSITE OF THE PAK MISSION TO THE UNhttp://www.pakun.org/Pakistan%20at%20the%20UN/

PEACEKEEPING AS A PILLAR OF FOREIGN POLICY

• PAKISTAN'S CONTRIBUTION TO UN PEACEKEEPING IS A KEY PILLAR OF OUR FOREIGN POLICY.

• PAKISTAN'S PARTNERSHIP WITH UN PEACEKEEPING IS UNIQUE IN THE SENSE THAT WE HAVE BEEN AMONG THE TOP TROOP CONTRIBUTORS TO THE UN, AND ALSO HOST ONE OF THE FIRST UN PEACEKEEPING MISSIONS, I.E. THE UN MILITARY OBSERVER GROUP IN INDIA AND PAKISTAN (UNMOGIP), THAT CONTINUES TO MONITOR CEASEFIRE ALONG THE LINE OF CONTROL IN JAMMU AND KASHMIR.

• EVER SINCE OUR FIRST DEPLOYMENT IN THE UN MISSION IN CONGO IN 1960, OVER 150,000 PAKISTANI PEACEKEEPERS HAVE SERVED WITH DISTINCTION IN 41 PEACEKEEPING MISSIONS IN DIFFERENT PARTS OF THE WORLD. PAKISTAN IS PROUD OF ITS ROLE IN SOME OF THE NOTABLE SUCCESSES OF PEACEKEEPING INCLUDING SIERRA LEONE, BURUNDI, TIMOR-LESTE AND LIBERIA. 142 PAKISTANI PEACEKEEPERS HAVE MADE THE ULTIMATE SACRIFICE IN THE CAUSE OF WORLD PEACE. PAKISTANI PEACEKEEPERS HAVE EARNED RESPECT AND REPUTE FOR THEIR PROFESSIONALISM AND DEVOTION TO DUTY. OUR WOMEN HAVE ALSO BEEN OUTSTANDING IN THE FIELD. SHAHZADI GULFAM OF PAKISTAN POLICE WAS THE FIRST EVER RECIPIENT OF INTERNATIONAL FEMALE POLICE PEACEKEEPER AWARD IN 2011.

STATEMENT OF ADVISER TO THE PM ON NATIONAL SECURITY & FOREIGN AFFAIRS IN UN SEMINAR ON PEACEKEEPING & TRAINING IN NDU, ISLAMABAD 2015

http://www.mofa.gov.pk/pr-details.php?mm=MzIxNQ

SUCCESS IN PEACEKEEPING?UN PEACEKEEPING MISSIONS OPERATE

IN THE MOST DANGEROUS AND DIFFICULT ENVIRONMENTS IN THE WORLD, DEALING WITH CONFLICTS – OR THEIR AFTERMATH – WHICH OTHERS CANNOT OR WILL NOT ADDRESS. WE CAN ACHIEVE WHAT OTHERS CAN’T, BUT SUCCESS IS NEVER GUARANTEED.

SOURCE: OFFICIAL UN WEBSITE http://www.un.org/en/peacekeeping/operations/success.shtml

HOW DOES THE UN RATE A MISSION AS A SUCCESS?

LEGITIMACYCREDIBILITY/ACCEPTABILITY

CAPABILITY FULFILMENT OF MISSION FACILITATING

CONFLICT RESOLUTION

PLANNING

HOW WOULD A COUNTRY

GUAGE ITS

SUCCESS IN A PKO?

FULFILMENT OF NATIONAL FOREIGN POLICY OBJECTIVES

ENHANCEMENT OF THE COUNTRY’S IMAGE

COMPLETION OF MISSION WITHOUT CONTROVERSY, SCANDAL & CASUALTIES

FULFILMENT OF THE UN MANDATE

SOME UNSUCCESSFUL UN MISSIONS• SOMALIA (1993). IN THE ANNALS OF THE UN, THE PEACEKEEPING

MISSION IN SOMALIA IS CONSIDERED A FAILURE BECAUSE OF– FIRST THE TRAGIC DEATHS OF 25 PAKISTANI SOLDIERS (PLUS 54 INJURED) – FOLLOWED BY 18 US SOLDIERS, SOME OF WHOM WERE DISMEMBERED

AND DRAGGED THROUGH THE STREETS IN MOGADISHU (PLUS 75 INJURED)

• RWANDA (1994). UN PEACEKEEPERS IN RWANDA STOOD BY AS HUTU SLAUGHTERED SOME 800,000 TUTSI.

• BOSNIA (1995). NOTHING WAS DONE TO SECURE THE UN DECLARED SAFE AREAS, LETTING THE SERBS BRUTALLY SLAUGHTER UPTO 20,000 MUSLIM MEN AND TEEN AGED BOYS, AND WOMEN AND CHILDREN IN SREBRENICA.

Thomas W. Jacobson, U.N. Peacekeeping: Few Successes, Many Failures, Inherent Flaws, 2015

AMERICAN RETREAT FROM SOMALIA

• IMAGES OF AMERICAN SOLDIERS BEING DRAGGED THROUGH THE STREETS OF MOGADISHU LED PRESIDENT CLINTON TO PULL OUT THE US OUT OF SOMALIA BY 1994

• UN MISSION PULLED OUT IN 1995

• SOMALIA FELL BACK INTO ANARCHY & CIVIL WAR

PAKISTAN DID NOT WITHDRAW UNILATERALLY

• PAKISTAN DECIDED NOT TO WITHDRAW FROM SOMALIA EVEN AFTER THE JUNE 5 INCIDENT

• THIS SIGNALLED TO THE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY THAT – IT TAKES ITS INTERNATIONAL OBLIGATIONS

SERIOUSLY– DOES NOT LEAVE THE CONFLICT AREA WITHOUT

THE COMPLETION OF ITS MANDATE

WHY SOMALIA A SUCCESS STORY FOR PAKISTAN?

• BROKE DIPLOMATIC ISOLATION – WHEN THE OPERATION FOR SOMALIA WAS BEING PLANNED,

PAKISTAN WAS FACING INCREASING ISOLATION BECAUSE OF ITS NUCLEAR PROGRAM & WAS ON THE VERGE OF BEING DECLARED A SPONSOR OF TERROR

– PARTICIPATION IN UNOSOM I & II SIGNALLED REINTEGRATION INTO THE COMITY OF NATIONS

• ENHANCED PAKISTAN’S IMAGE: PERFORMANCE OF PAKISTANI SOLDIERS WAS EXAMPLARY & WAS APPRECIATED BY ALL & SUNDRY

• OPENED UP PAKISTAN’S PROSPECTS FOR PEACEKEEPING: IT BECAME THE STEPPING STONE FOR PAKISTAN TO PARTICIPATE IN MORE UNPKOs

MANDATE OF UNOSOMUNOSOM I

• UNSCR 751 OF 24 APRIL 1992 – TO MONITOR THE CEASEFIRE IN

MOGADISHU, THE CAPITAL OF SOMALIA; AND

– TO PROVIDE PROTECTION AND SECURITY FOR UN PERSONNEL, EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES AT THE SEAPORTS AND AIRPORTS IN MOGADISHU AND

– ESCORT DELIVERIES OF HUMANITARIAN SUPPLIES FROM THERE TO DISTRIBUTION CENTRES IN THE CITY AND ITS IMMEDIATE ENVIRONS.

• UNSCR 775 OF 28 AUGUST OF 1992, EXPANDED THE STRENGTH TO ENABLE IT TO PROTECT HUMANITARIAN CONVOYS AND DISTRIBUTION CENTRES THROUGHOUT SOMALIA.

UNITAF

• ON 3 DECEMBER 1992, AFTER THE SITUATION IN SOMALIA HAD FURTHER DETERIORATED, UNSCR 794 (1992), AUTHORIZED MEMBER STATES TO FORM THE UNIFIED TASK FORCE (UNITAF) TO ESTABLISH A SAFE ENVIRONMENT FOR THE DELIVERY OF HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE.

• UNITAF WORKED IN COORDINATION WITH UNOSOM I TO SECURE MAJOR POPULATION CENTRES AND ENSURE THAT HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE WAS DELIVERED AND DISTRIBUTED.

SOMALIA: SUCCESS MATRIX

SERIAL BENCHMARKS STAR RATING

1 FULFILMENT OF NATIONAL FOREIGN POLICY OBJECTIVES

2 FULFILMENT OF THE UN MANDATE

3 ENHANCEMENT OF THE COUNTRY’S IMAGE

4 COMPLETION OF MISSION WITHOUT CONTROVERSY, SCANDAL & CASUALTIES

UN CHIEF LAUDS PAKISTANI PEACEKEEPERS CONTRIBUTION TO WORLD PEACE, 3 JUNE 2016

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION