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(l) Initial approach fix (IAF).- Fix that marks the beginning of the initial segmentand the end of the arrival segment, if applicable. In RNAV application, this fix is normallydefined as a fly-by fix.

(m) Navigation system error (NSE) .-The difference between true position andestimated position.

(n) Navigation specifications .-Set of aircraft and flight crew requirements neededto support performance-based navigation operations in a defined airspace. There aretwo kinds of navigation specifications:

(o) Path definition error (PDE) - The difference between the defined path and thedesired path in a given place and time.

(p) Primary field of view.- For the purposes of this AC, the primary field of view iswithin 15 degrees of the primary line of sight of the pilot.

(q) Radius to fix (RF) leg.- An RF leg is defined as any circular path (an arc) with a

constant radius around a defined turn centre that starts and ends in a fix.

(r) Receiver autonomous integrity monitoring (RAIM) .-A technique used in aGNSS receiver/processor to determine the integrity of its navigation signals, using onlyGPS signals or GPS signals enhanced with barometric upper-air data. Thisdetermination is achieved by a consistency check between pseudo-rangemeasurements. At least one additional available satellite is required with respect to thenumber of satellites that are needed to obtain the navigation solution.

(s) RNP system .- An area navigation system which supports on-board performancemonitoring and alerting.

(t) RNP value .- The RNP value designates the lateral performance requirementassociated with a procedure. Examples of RNP values are: RNP 0.3 and RNP 0.15.

(u) Total system error (TSE) .-Is the difference between the true position and thedesired position. This error is equal to the vector sum of path definition error (PDE),flight technical error (FTE) and navigation system error (NSE).

(v) Waypoint (WPT). A specified geographical location used to define an areanavigation route or the flight path of an aircraft employing area navigation. Waypointsarea identified as either:Fly-by waypoint.- A waypoint which requires turn anticipation to allow tangentialinterception of the next segment of a route or procedure.Fly over waypoint.- A waypoint at which a turn is initiated in order to join the nextsegment of a route or procedure.

4.2 Abbreviations

AC Advisory circular (FAA) AFM Airplane flight manual

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AIP Aeronautical information publication AMC Acceptable means of compliance ATC Air traffic control ATS Air traffic services EASA European Aviation Safety Agency FAA United States Federal Aviation Administration

FDE Fault detection and exclusion FTE Flight technical error FOSA Flight operational safety assessment GNSS Global navigation satellite system GLONASS Global navigation satellite system GPS Global positioning system HAL Horizontal alert limit HIL Horizontal integrity limit HPL Horizontal protection level IAC Instrument approach chart IRS Inertial reference system

IRU Inertial reference unit LOA Letter of authorisation/letter of acceptance MEL Minimum equipment list NSE Navigation system error ICAO International Civil Aviation Organization OM Operations manual OpSpecs Operations specifications PANS-OPS Procedures for Air Navigation Services - Aircraft Operations PBN Performance-based navigation PDE Path definition error RAIM Receiver autonomous integrity monitoring

RNAV Area navigation RNP Required navigation performance RNP APCH Required navigation performance approach RNP AR APCH Required navigation performance authorisation required

approach SSR Secondary surveillance radar STC Supplementary type certificate TC Type certificate TSE Total system error TSO Technical standard order

5. INTRODUCTION

5.1 ICAO Document 9613 - Manual on Required Navigation Performance (PBN),currently establishes two types of RNP navigation specifications for approachoperations: RNP approach (RNP APCH) and RNP approach with authorization required(RNP AR APCH).