PACIFIER VS. CONDOM PLAN YOUR

FAMILY

Population Control/ Policies

China and India together have about 37 % of the worlds population

In 2006 ▪ Chinas population = 1.3 billion ▪ India’s population = 1.1 billion

China fertility rate began declining 2 decades ago

India’s fertility rate start declining more recently

Both countries have reduced their fertility rates through government driven POPULATION CONTROL measures, but China’s approach has been more recently

Population Control

India’s Population Control India’s effort to control the growth of its

population have had only moderate success

India has decreased from 6 children per women to about 3 children per woman

The population growth rate however, has remained almost unchanged Although birth rate has decline, so had

death rate

Continued…

Until 1921, India’s population was relatively stable At this time, population began to

increase as a result of sanitation programs and famine - and epidemic control measures

It population exceeded 1 billion in 2000 and growth continues to the present day

Impact of India’s Population Policies

India’s population policies and programs have gone though 6 phases:

Phase 1: Clinic Approach Clinics encourage family planning through

contraception and sterilization

Phase 2: Target Oriented Sterilization #1 Target numbers for vasectomies and contraceptive

distribution had to be met

Phase 3: Target Oriented Sterilization #2 Vasectomies were the main form of population control

Phase 4: Coercive Approach Force people to do things against their will Family planning was mandatory and families were restricted to 3

children

Phase 5: Backlash and Recovery Major backlash occurred again coercive family planning Mandatory sterilization was dropped in 1977 Emphasis was put on education, voluntary contraception and

child survival programs

Phase 6: Reproductive and Child Health Approach

Adopts heath services aimed at achieving a fertility level of 2.1 children per woman by 2010

These have not been successful everywhere : Partly because they were insensitive to the enormous

cultural, religious and economic differences within the country

India’s TARGET-DRIVEN policies did not focus on sustainable birth rate reductions

Female sterilization is now the most popular method of family planning Although the use of contraceptives has increased, the birth control pill and

IUD are widely mistrusted by women because of its side affects

These methods are used today only by small proportion of India’s Population

There is still need to improve services to deliver these choices to couples

Impact of India’s Population Policies

Gender Gap Impact

One of the significant impacts of India’s population control policies is the gender gap

Gender gap refers to the abnormally high ratio of male births to female

WHAT CAUSES THIS? Indian families prefer males because:▪ Boys remain in the family home after marrying to support

and care for aging parents▪ Boys supply farm labour and work in family businesses▪ They carry about the family name, conduct religious rites

when parents die

The gender gap is widening In the past female infanticide (killing new borns) and

withholding health care resulted in the deaths of girls Mid 1980s- the focus changed to aborting female fetus The number of aborted girls from 1978-1998= 10

million

1994- Indian government passed a law making it illegal for ultrasound operators to tell families gender of fetus The use of ultra sounds to determine gender is still wide

spread

Gender Gap Impact

National Campaigns for Girls

“Save a Girl child” campaign: Introduced to improve the status of women , to encourage

parent to value female children and to highlight achievements of young girls

To enhance the value of girls, the government chose a baby girl as “India’s” billionth baby on May 11, 2000

Some even implemented their own campaigns:

Delhi developed a “Girl Child Protection Scheme”

A study estimated that India has about 882 girls for every 1000 boys.

Consequence= profound

Men wishing to marry have to travel farther from their villages, marry women from differ socio economic groups, and look outside the country

Perhaps the shortage of women will increase women’s status and society will pay more attention to women’s education, economic development and health

Translation:

Why only a boy? Are these not

girls?

Translation:

Tying the tubes of women is now extremely simple.

Laparoscopy is the newest method. The hospital realize you

quickly. The scar is very light

China’s Approach to Population Control

China has an enormous population problem

2006, In spite of drastic efforts to limit population growth, China had 1.3 billion in a land area that is a little smaller than Canada's!

Mid 1950- Communist government of china decided to take dramatic steps to control population growth

China’s Policies on Population Control

The Great Leap Forward (1958-1960) Food production dropped drastically Death rate skyrocketed due to food shortages Population declined for a short period of time

1962 Food supply improved Birth rates and death rates returned to their previous

levels

1966-1976 Little was done to address population growth

One-Child Policy 1970-Present Introduced as a temporary measure to curb population growth A woman who becomes pregnant without permission may face a large

fine or an abortion “Granny police” Sterilization is encouraged and in some cases required Couples who do not follow the one child policy may be shunned by

society 2002- stronger legislation

Population and family planning must proceed with educating women, providing jobs and improving health

Having more than one child is considered a criminal act punishable by a fine

Post 2002- many women are having more children and are facing the fine 2008, there are indications the one-child policy may be revised

Impact of Chinas Population Policies

The policies enacted by the Chinese government at that time, as part of the Great Leap Forward and later on the form of the One-Child policy, has profound effects on the country’s population

Chinese officials claim that the one-child policy has prevented 400 million births

Fertility rate has decreased from 5.8 children per women in 1970 to 1.8 children per woman in 2007

Seems to be effective, but the costs has been great

Issues faced…

Gender gap is increasing

Estimated 3.5 million girls were killed over a 10 year period

Policies to ensure the equality of women and to improve education of girls have been implemented in an effort to rectify the gender imbalance Shortage of women is causing parents to value their female

babies more than in the past

By 2020 40 mill Chinese men will be unable to marry because not enough women will be available

This could lead to kidnapping and trafficking in women

Translation:

Up agricultural production, down

population increase

Translation: One child, prosperous life

Translation:

Its better to marry and

have children at a mature

age

How successful are these policies?

There has been considerable success in both China and India

Both have success bringing in reductions in fertility by using government- driven population-control measures

China’s policies have been more successful than India’s

Creating your own Campaign!

Get back into your original Spaceship groups!

You are now faced with the task of creating a national campaign to raise awareness of population growth and targeting the issue of favoritism of boys

Ensure you have a key message/slogan to get across to your target audience!

You will present this at the end of class