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Three Metaphors and a Three Metaphors and a ParadoxParadox

Or how to prepare for Or how to prepare for an oral presentationan oral presentation

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First metaphorFirst metaphor

Tell us a storyTell us a story

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Tell us a storyTell us a story

A story is like a A story is like a crystal - crystal - transparent and transparent and multifaceted.multifaceted.

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focuses reality = > fascinatingfocuses reality = > fascinating

mesmerizes the eye, mesmerizes the eye, stirs the emotions and stirs the emotions and moves the mind.moves the mind.

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Stories = > your presentationsStories = > your presentations

more memorablemore memorable more funmore fun

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Stories help audienceStories help audience

ProgressProgress knowledge knowledge

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RememberRemember

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Now you have Now you have a a

YOUYOU

• have documentation, have documentation, • are familiar with vocabulary,are familiar with vocabulary,• know the main concepts, know the main concepts,

Are about to organise things.Are about to organise things.

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Second metaphorSecond metaphor

Tailor made for one showTailor made for one show

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Tailor made for Tailor made for one show.one show.

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Step 1: the OutlineStep 1: the Outline

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a sketch => general line.a sketch => general line.

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Typical questions to answer:Typical questions to answer:

Who are they ? Who are they ? – friends, friends, – professionals, professionals, – colleagues?colleagues?

What ?What ?– Do I want to show, demonstrate or prove?Do I want to show, demonstrate or prove?– Do they already know?Do they already know?– My initial question againMy initial question again??

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Step 2: Preparing the different Step 2: Preparing the different pieces of the puzzlepieces of the puzzle

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First things first, First things first,

start with your start with your conclusionconclusion

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First things first, First things first,

The EndingThe Ending

– Recap what the question wasRecap what the question was– Summarize the various pointsSummarize the various points– ConcludeConclude– Bring further question to lightBring further question to light– Thank audienceThank audience– Offer to answer questionsOffer to answer questions

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Then Then

think of athink of a

SexySexy

introductionintroduction

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Beginning Beginning

– Joke?Joke?– Anecdote?Anecdote?– Other? Other?

You?You? Problem?Problem?

– Where to?Where to?– How?How?

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By the way:By the way:

– How many parts for the How many parts for the bodybody of the talk? of the talk?

– How many stops from A to Z?How many stops from A to Z?

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Step 3: Getting a global picture Step 3: Getting a global picture

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– Is this construction logical?Is this construction logical?– Does the whole thing make sense?Does the whole thing make sense?– Is that part really in the right place?Is that part really in the right place?– I miss something here, don’t I?I miss something here, don’t I?– Will I feel comfortable with this?Will I feel comfortable with this?– What if I did that instead?What if I did that instead?– This part is useless, I'll dump it!This part is useless, I'll dump it!

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Step 4 - A stitch in time saves 9Step 4 - A stitch in time saves 9

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Time to decide how to link it all seamlesslyTime to decide how to link it all seamlessly

– Which link words? Which link words? – Which metaphors? Which metaphors? – Examples?Examples?– Rhetorical questions? Rhetorical questions? – How to keep them interested?How to keep them interested?– When to bring in breaks and pauses?When to bring in breaks and pauses?

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How How – can I sum up the last part can I sum up the last part – will I introduce the following one?will I introduce the following one?

What’What’– is the link?is the link?– was my initial question again?was my initial question again?

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Have I checked on the Have I checked on the

– pronunciation?pronunciation?

– Intonation?Intonation?

– Body language?Body language?

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Step 5: AdjustmentsStep 5: Adjustments

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Try your presentation on.Try your presentation on.

– Ask a friend to listen to you or Ask a friend to listen to you or use your camcorder or use your camcorder or even a mirroreven a mirror

– Watch the timingWatch the timing

– Adjust thanks to the feedback you get.Adjust thanks to the feedback you get.

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Step 6: Dress RehearsalStep 6: Dress Rehearsal

Practice, practice, practicePractice, practice, practice

Check again and againCheck again and again

And againAnd again

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Make the most of itMake the most of it

– Breathe out!Breathe out!– Look confident!Look confident!– Smile!Smile!– Move forward!Move forward!– Be "aware" of the audience.Be "aware" of the audience.– Adapt your strides to their paceAdapt your strides to their pace

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Take their hand, Take their hand,

tell them the most tell them the most beautiful story beautiful story they've ever heard.they've ever heard.

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Step 7: Conquer the worldStep 7: Conquer the world

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Third Metaphor Third Metaphor English is like a chandelier English is like a chandelier

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You too can turn sand into diamondsYou too can turn sand into diamonds

This requires This requires – knowledge, knowledge, – know-how and know-how and – time. time.

None is given but each may be acquiredNone is given but each may be acquired

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turn sand into diamondsturn sand into diamonds

Purity Purity SharpnessSharpness FocusFocus RhythmRhythm Attention to detailAttention to detail EleganceElegance

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turn sand into diamondsturn sand into diamonds Purity = vowelsPurity = vowels Sharpness = consonantsSharpness = consonants Attention to detail = vocabularyAttention to detail = vocabulary Pauses = breathPauses = breath RhythmRhythm and intonation and intonation Smoothness = voice qualitySmoothness = voice quality Focus = concentration – witFocus = concentration – wit Modulation = volumeModulation = volume Elegance = Fluency = speech deliveryElegance = Fluency = speech delivery structure structure

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Paradox:Paradox:

Wax Your WordsWax Your Words

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On the one handOn the one hand

, ,

wax used by crooks wax used by crooks

trick into buying faulty statues; trick into buying faulty statues;

Pb: wax melts, cracks show. Pb: wax melts, cracks show.

This should not happen during a presentationThis should not happen during a presentation

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students are 'invited’ students are 'invited’

to use phrases to use phrases

that that

look and sound Englishlook and sound English

On the other hand, On the other hand,

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..

If phrases = wax ?If phrases = wax ?

if communication = clear ideas if communication = clear ideas

What then? ! ?!!!What then? ! ?!!!

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Superlatives are wax.Superlatives are wax.

– ““This is essential!” This is essential!” – ““This is absolutely and positively essential!”This is absolutely and positively essential!”

– ““This is true!” This is true!” – ““This is true beyond any possible shadow of a This is true beyond any possible shadow of a

doubt!”doubt!”

If you wish to strengthen: “This is If you wish to strengthen: “This is true!”, true!”, you can do so by concrete examples you can do so by concrete examples to support it. to support it.

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Trite expressions are wax.Trite expressions are wax.

– ““As you can see,” As you can see,” – ““if you will," if you will," – ““in conclusion,”in conclusion,”– ““it is both an honour and a privilege,”it is both an honour and a privilege,”– ““I would like to take a few minutes,”I would like to take a few minutes,”– ““Each and every one,”Each and every one,”– ““throughout the length and breadth of throughout the length and breadth of

the land,”the land,”

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Groping expressions are wax.Groping expressions are wax.

– ““What I'm trying to get at is ...,”What I'm trying to get at is ...,”

– ““What I want to say is ...”What I want to say is ...”

Want to say something? say it! Want to say something? say it!

Why not try a concrete example?Why not try a concrete example?

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Repetitious expressions are waxRepetitious expressions are wax..

– ““As I said before,”As I said before,”

– ““and so I again repeat,”and so I again repeat,”

– ““let me reiterate here...”let me reiterate here...”

Wish to gain the emphasis which comes from Wish to gain the emphasis which comes from restatement?restatement?

——as you do in the opening and close of a conference as you do in the opening and close of a conference comment—comment—

go ahead ! and restate go ahead ! and restate !!

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““And so forth” expressions are wax.And so forth” expressions are wax.

– ““America has produced such inventors America has produced such inventors as Fulton, Edison, the Wright brothers—as Fulton, Edison, the Wright brothers—and so forth and so on.”and so forth and so on.”

– ““Our marketing recommendations are Our marketing recommendations are now based on research, data, statistical now based on research, data, statistical analysis, etc., etc."”analysis, etc., etc."”

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Weasel words are wax.Weasel words are wax.

See what I mean!See what I mean!

““Of course, it's only my opinion and I share Of course, it's only my opinion and I share it, but ... .”it, but ... .”

““It seems to me after much thinking... .”It seems to me after much thinking... .” ““More or less...More or less... to a greater or lesser degree...to a greater or lesser degree... or something like that...”or something like that...”

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Should I avoid word wax?Should I avoid word wax?

clean speech of waxy substance clean speech of waxy substance lasting impression of lasting impression of

intelligence, intelligence,

directness, directness,

professionalism. professionalism. Be sincere. Be sincere. Carve your communications without wax: Carve your communications without wax:

you may rate a marble statue in the end.you may rate a marble statue in the end. (Biased on (Biased on Public Speaking As Listeners Like ItPublic Speaking As Listeners Like It, by Richard C. Borden, Harper Collins, 10 East 53rd Street, NY, NY 10022.), by Richard C. Borden, Harper Collins, 10 East 53rd Street, NY, NY 10022.)

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MiscellaneousMiscellaneous

Rhetorical questionsRhetorical questions– What do we get here? Here we have a …What do we get here? Here we have a …– What’s a …? A … is a …What’s a …? A … is a …

Using auxiliaries to stress upon important Using auxiliaries to stress upon important pieces of informationpieces of information– How I love you, darling! How I love you, darling! – Stop it, you don’t! Stop it, you don’t! – But honey, I DO love you.But honey, I DO love you.

Note: What we DO have here, is an unlucky person.Note: What we DO have here, is an unlucky person.