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PA Dutch 101
Video 35: Present Perfect Tense.Present Perfect Tense.
Present Perfect Tense
• The Present Perfect Tense is used in PD to express the Past Tense.
• It is formed with an auxiliary verb and the past participle.
• The two auxiliary verbs in PD are hawwe and sei.
• Sei is only used in situations where there is a change of position or condition.
Present Perfect Tense
• The word order for a past tense sentence in PD uses these equations:
• subject – hawwe/sei – other stuff – past participle.
• hawwe/sei – subject – other stuff – past participle?
• Ich hab Deitsch gelannt. – I learned Dutch.• Er iss nooch Kanadaa gfaahre. – He drove to
Canada.
The Past Participle: Regular Verbs
• The Past Participle is formed by:• Dropping the E• Adding GE to the front of the stem.• Adding T to the end of the stem.• GE + STEM + T• mache = gemacht
The Past Participle: Irregular Verbs
• The Past Participle is formed by:• Dropping the E• Adding GE to the front of the stem.• Adding E to the end of the stem.• GE + STEM + E• lese = gelese• In most Irr. Verbs, the stem changes spelling!• laafe = geloffe• These must be memorized or looked up in a dictionary!
Rules to form Past Participles
• Reg. Verbs ending in a consonant + LE, drop the E and add an E before the L, then add T:– rechle = gerechelt (calculate)
• Reg. Verbs whose stem end in D, change the D to T:– deide = gedeit (point)
• Reg. Verbs whose stems end in DD, change the DD to TT:– andwadde = geandwatt (answer)
Rules to form Past Participles
• Verbs that begin with the letters H,F and S only take a G instead of GE:– heesse = gheese (call) GH = K sound– sitze = gsotze (sit)– schwetze = gschwetzt (talk)
• The prefix GE is dropped altogether before some stems beginning with G:– gewwe = gewwe– geh = gange
Rules to form Past Participles
• No GE is added to a verb with an inseparable prefix:– verschteh = verschtanne– bezaahle = bezaahlt
• If a verb has a separable prefix, the prefix is attached to the front of the past participle:– uffschteh = uffgschtanne– rumlaafe = rumgeloffe
Present Perfect Tense
• When building sentences in the Present Perfect Tense, it is vital that you are able to form the Past Participle.
• A dictionary will help you! All dictionaries will give the Past Participle with each verb.– to go – geh, gange (pp)
Sei
• As has been the case before, SEI has its own separate past tense.
• You can use: iss + gewese, but most PD use the following form:
ich waar mir waaredu waarscht dihr waarter/sie/es waar sie waare
Present Perfect Tense
• Die Susan froogt ihr Daadi.• Die Susan hot ihr Daadi gfroogt.• Der Chris schpielt sei Gitar.• Der Chris hot sei Gitar gschpielt.• Der Mann un sei Fraa faahre nooch Reading.• Der Mann un sei Fraa sin nooch Reading
gfaahre.
Iewing – Practice
• Ich helf meinre Mudder in der Kich.• Ich hab meinre Mudder in der Kich gholfe.• Der Onkel kummt am Freidaag.• Der Onkel iss am Freidaag kumme.• Die Kinner drinke viel Lemonade.• Die Kinner hen viel Lemonade gedrunke.
