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Patented TDS Control System retains essential natural minerals in purified water Transparent, detachable tank for easy onsite cleaning on regular basis 7 Litre capacity purified water storage tank LED indicators for power and purification process display Fully automatic operation with auto-on / auto-off

Tamper-proof UF & RO Membrane fused inside membrane housing Push-fit components for leak-proof & maintenance-free performance Fully automatic operation with auto-start and auto-off Built-in SMPS to operate within 160-300V AC voltage ABS Construction for corrosion free lifespan Suitable for raw water from all types of sources like borewell, overhead storage tanks, water

tankers and even municipal taps.

Specifications

Purification Capacity 15** litres/ hour

Max. Duty Cycle 75 litres/ day

Storage Tank Capacity 7 litres

Filter Cartridges Sediment, Activated Carbon, UF

RO Membrane 1812-75 GPD

UF Membrane 0.01 Micron

Min. Inlet Water Pressure 0.3 kg/cm 2

Input Voltage 160300V AC (50Hz)

Operating Voltage 24V DC

Dimensions L390 W285 H440 (mm)

Net Weight 7.500 kg

Elite Mineral RO Water Purifiers

Patented TDS Control System retains essential natural minerals in purified water Transparent, detachable tank for easy onsite cleaning on regular basis 7 Litre capacity purified water storage tank LED indicators for power and purification process display Fully automatic operation with auto-on / auto-off Tamper-proof UF & RO Membrane fused inside membrane housing Push-fit components for leak-proof & maintenance-free performance Fully automatic operation with auto-start and auto-off Built-in SMPS to operate within 160-300V AC voltage ABS Construction for corrosion free lifespan Suitable for raw water from all types of sources like borewell, overhead storage tanks, water

tankers and even municipal taps.Specifications

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Purification Capacity 15** litres/ hour

Max. Duty Cycle 75 litres/ day

Storage Tank Capacity 7 litres

Filter Cartridges Sediment, Activated Carbon, UF

RO Membrane 1812-75 GPD

UF Membrane 0.01 Micron

Min. Inlet Water Pressure 0.3 kg/cm 2

Input Voltage 160300V AC (50Hz)

Operating Voltage 24V DC

Dimensions L390 W285 H440 (mm)

Net Weight 7.500 kg

Elite Mineral RO Water Purifiers

INDUSTRY PROFILE

History of Indian banking:

The banking industry was regulated by The Indian Banking Regulation Act of 1949, it define

s a banking industry as Any industry which transits banking business in India .Banking means

Accepting for purpose of lending all investment of deposits of money from the public repay

able on demand or otherwise and withdrawal by cheque or demand draft. Banking one fro

m or another was in existence even ancient times. The writings of MANU (the maker of old h

indu law)and KAUTILYA (the minister of Chandragupta MAURYA ) contained reference to ban

king.

A Banking company in India has defined in the Banking companies Act 1949 as one which tr

ansacts the of deposit of money from the public repayable on demand or otherwise and wit

hdraw able by cheque, draft order or otherwise.

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A Banking Company in India has been defined in the Banking Companies Act 1949 as one whi

ch transacts the business of banking which means the accepting of the purpose of lending or i

nvestment of deposit of money from the public repayable on demand or otherwise and withd

raw able by cheque, draft or otherwise.

Banking in India oriented in last decades of the 18th

Century. The oldest bank in existence in I

ndia is the State Bank of India, a governmentowned bank that traces its origins back to June

1806 and that is the largest commercial bank in the country. Central banking is the respon

sibility of the Reserve Bank of India, which in 1935 formally took over those responsibilities fr

om the then Imperial Bank of India relegating it to commercial banking functions. After Indep

endence of India in 1947, the Reserve Bank was Nationalized and given broader powers. In 19

69 the government nationalized the 14 largest commercial banks; and in the year 1980 it nati

onalized another 7 commercial banks.

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Banking in three phases:

1. Early phases from 1786 to 1969.

2. Nationalization of banks and up to 1991 prior to Indian banking sector reforms.

3. New phase of Indian banking system with advent of Indian financial and banking sector ref

orm after 1991.

The first phase is from 1786 to 1969, in this early phase the bank of India was set up in the year

1786. Next came bank of Hindustan and Bengal bank (1809), in 1865 Allahabad bank establishe

d and first time extensively by Indians, Punjab national bank Ltd, was set up in 1894. Between 1

906 and 1913 bank of India, Central Bank of India Bank of Baroda, Canara bank, Indian bank and

Bank of mysore set up. Reserve bank of India came in 1935

Second phase of nationalization India banking sector reform was carried out in 1980 with

seven more bank. This step brought 80%of the banking segment in India under government

ownership.

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In third new phase of Indian Banking with the advent of Financial and Banking sector reforms, introdu

ced many more products and facilities in the banking sector. In 1991 under the chairman of M.Narasi

mhan, a committee was set up by his which for liberalizes of banking practices.

Structure of Banking Systems in India:

Indian banking systems has been categories into two:

1) Scheduled banks

I. State co- operative.II. Commercial banks.

2) Non-scheduled bank

I. Central co- operative banks and Primary Credit Societies.II. Commercial Banks.

Commercial banks are further divided into:

I. Indian banks andII. Foreign Banks.

Indian Banks are further divided into:

I. Public Sector Banks.II. SBI and its subsidiaries.III. Other Nationalized Banks.IV. Regional Rural Banks.

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Banking in India has its origin from the Vedic times. It is believed that the Transist in from mon

ey lending to bank9ing must have accrued even before MANU the great Hindu jurist who has de

voted a section of his work to deposits and advances and let down rules relating to rate of interest

In the present scenario, service sectors plays an important role in the country, among services sect

or banking is one which plays a vital role in economic development. The liberalization and econom

ic reference allowed banks to explore new business opportunity rather than generating revenues f

rom borrowing and lending.

The Banking industry was regulated by The Indian Banking Regulation Act of 1949, it define

s a banking industry as Any industry which transits banking business in India. Banking means

Accepting for purpose of lending all investment of deposits of money from the public repayable o

n demand or otherwise and withdrawal by cheque or demand draft.

During the mogul period, the indigenous bankers played a very important role in lending mo

ney and financing foreign and commerce. During the days of the east India company, it was the tu

rn of the agency houses to carry on the banking business. The general of India was the first joint s

tock bank to establish in the era 1786. The others, which followed were the bank of Hindustan an

d the Bengal bank.

According to Sir John Paget, No person or body CORPORATE or otherwise can be a banker who d

oes not take the followings:

i. Deposit accountsii.

Current accounts

iii. Issue and pay chequeiv. Collect cheque, crossed and non-crossed, for his customers.

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In the first half of the 19th

century the East India Company Establish:

1. Bank of Bengal in 1809.2. Bank of Bombay in 1846.3. Bank of madras in 1843.

These three banks also known as presidency banks were independent units and functional well. These

three banks were amalgamated in 1920 and new bank, his imperial bank of India was established on

27th

January 1921. With the passing of state bank of India at 1955 the undertaking of the imperial ban

k of India was taken over by newly constituted state bank of India.

The reserve bank, which is the central, was created in 1935 by passing reserve bank of India Ac

t 1934. In the wake of the Swedish movement, number of banks with Indian management were establish in country namely, Punjab national bank Ltd, Canara bank Ltd, Indian bank Ltd. On july 19

th1969,

major banks of the country were nationalized and in 15th

april 1980, seven more commercial banks al

so taken over by the government. Today the commercial banking system in India may be distinguished

into:

Public Sector Banks:

1. State Bank of India and its associate banks called the state bank group.

2.20 Nationalized banks.

3 .Regional Rural Banks mainly sponsored by public sector banks.

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Private Sector Banks:

1. Old generation private banks.

2. New generation private banks.

3. Foreign banks in India.

4. Scheduled co- operative banks.

5. Non-scheduled banks.

Development Banks:

1. Industrial Financial Corporation of India (IFCI).

2. Industrial Development Banks of India (IDBI).

3. Industrial Credit & Investment Corporation of Indian (ICICI).

4. Industrial Investment Bank of India (IIBI).

5. Small Industrial Development Bank of India (SIDBI).

6. National Bank for Agriculture & Rural Development (NABARD).

7. Export Import Bank of India.

8. National Housing Bank.

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CO-OPERATIVE

Co-operative is self help as well as mutual help. It is the joint enterprise of those who

are not financially strong and cannot stand on their own legs, and therefore come together

not with a view to getting profits, but to overcome disability arising out of want of adequate

financial resources, and thus better economies condition.

India is an agricultural country and an industrially backward country. So the develop

ment of agriculture and industry is of utmost importance. For the development of agricultu

re and industry, finance is indispensable. But there is scarcity of finance. Therefore, the co-

operative banks are playing in important role in providing the finance.

A co-operative society is a voluntary association of individuals. A person is free to joi

n or not to join a co-operative society as its members. A co-operative society is formed prim

arily for the purpose of rendering maximum service to its members, and not for earning m

aximum profits. Service, not profit is the main aim of co-operative society.

Customer helps the bank to improve the services by giving suggestions and recomme

ndations. It is the customer who use the facilities provided by the bank, so it is very import

ant for the bank to know what are the services expected by customers, types of customer, th

eir problems, how effectively and efficiently It is serving the customers, attitude of the custo

mers about. Its services, functions etc

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Meaning of co-operative bank

Co-operative bank is the practice of using or operating a co-operative bank or credit

union.

Co-operative bank, also called as mutual savings and loans exist in the most parts of t

he world. They offer financial services on a co-operative basis. Like credit unions co-operat

ive banks are owned by their customers and follow the co-operative principle of one person

, one vote. Unlike credit unions however, co-operative banks are often regulated under both

banking and co-operative legislation. They provide services such as savings and loans to no

n-members as well as to members. Many co-operative banks are traded on public stock ma

rkets, meaning that they are partially owned by non-members. Co-operative bank systems

are also usually more integrated than credit union system of Co-operative banks elect their

own boards of directors and manage their own operations, but must strategic decisions req

uire approval from the central office. Credit unions usually retaining strategic decision ma

king at a local level, though they share back office functions like access to the global payme

nt system by federating.

DEFINITION OF CO-OPERATIVE BANKING:

Derive defines a co-operative bank as a mutual society formed, composed and governed by w

orking people themselves for encouraging regular saving and granting small loans on any terms o

f interest and repayment.

A co-operative Bank is a co-operative organization (I.e. an organization where persons vol

untarily associate together as human beings on the basis of equality for the promotions of the eco

nomic interest of themselves) engaged in the banking functions of acceptance of deposits and bor

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r o w i n g o f f u n d s o f l e n d i n g o f c r e d i t .

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Characteristic features of Co-operative Banking:

Co-operative banking has certain characteristics features of its own. The important charact

eristic features of co-operative banking are:

i. Like commercial banking co-operating also is concerned with performance of thebanking functions of acceptance of deposits and lending of funds.

ii. A co-operative bank is an association of persons and not of capital.iii. Co-operative banks are democratic institutions, in the sense that they follow the

principle of One man, one vote in their management.iv. Co-operative banking is based on the principle of mutual help.v. Thrift saving is the essence of the working of co-operative bank.vi. Personalization of credit is the special feature of co-operative banking. That is, invii. co-operative banking greater emphasis is placed on the credit worthiness (i.e., the

repaying capacity) and character (i.e. honesty) of the borrowing members.viii. Service and not profit is the main motto of co-operative bank.ix. The rate of interest charged by co-operative bank is generally low. In fact, to enable

the co-operative banks to provide credit as low of interest, the central bank provides

financial assistance to co-operative banks at confessional rates.Objectives or aims of co-operative banking:

The main objectives of co-operative banking system are:

i. To promote thrift among the members and thereby, increase the supply of funds.ii. To tap outside sources for the supply of funds.

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iii. To promote the effective use of credit and to reduce the risk and the granting of creditcareful said continuous supervisions of the borrowing numbers.

iv. To reduce the cost of management through the honorary service of numbers and theirby keep the cost of credit as low as possible.

v. To make the co-operative credit societies or co-operative banks credit worthy and toenable them to raise sufficient funds to finance other co-operative enterprises.

Principles of co-operative banking:

Co-operative banking has certain principles of its own. Some of the important principle

of co-operative banking:

a. Principle of co-operation and mutual help.b. Principle of service and not profit.c. Principle of one man one vote in management.d. Principle of thrift and savings.e. Principle of personalization of credit.

Co-operative Bank in India:

The co-operative movement was studied in India in 1904 with the object of providing fina

nce to agriculturists for productive for productive purposes at low rates of interest, and thereby, r

elieving them (i.e. the agriculturists) from the clutches of the money lenders. A large number of a

gricultural credit societies were setup in the villages under the co-operative banks and the state c

o-operative banks to provide refinance to primary credit societies which could not mobilize fund

s by their own efforts. By facilitating formation of central co-operative banks and

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the state co-operative banks, the co-operative societies Act of 1912 gave stimulus to the co-opera

tive credit movement in India. The co-operative credit movement made good progress during and

after the first world war of 1914-1918. But during the great depression of 1929-1933, it received

a serious setback. With the outbreak of the second world war of 1939-1945, the co-operative cre

dit movement made considerable progress once again. The number of co-operative credit instituti

on has increased, their membership had gone up and their deposits and advances also had increas

ed considerably. During the post independence era, much progress has been made in co-operativ

e banking thanks to the keen interest shown by the Reserve Bank of India in Co-operative credit

movement.

STRUCTURE OF CO-OPERATIVE BANKING SYSTEM IN INDIA:

The Indian co-operative banking structure or system is a three tier system. It consists of thr

ee sections viz,

1. Primary credit societies at the base,2. Central co-operative banks in the middle and3. The state co-operative banks or Apex banks at the top

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State

Co-operative

Bank

Central Co-operative Banks

Primary Co-operative Banks

In each state, there is a state Co-operative bank at the apex level in each district, there is a centr

al co-operative bank at the base level there are primary credit societies

The following diagram provides in a nut shell an idea of the co-operative in India.

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The co-operative provides short terms and medium term credit. They are agricultural and non-agr

icultural credit societies.

There are primary agricultural credit societies and functioning in towns and cities. In addition, th

ere are farms service societies and grain banks. For providing long term agricultural credit there

are primary and central land development banks.

1) PRIMARY AGRICULTURAL CREDIT SOCIETIES(PACS):

Co-operative system in India

State Co-operative Bank (APEX)

Central co-operative Bank (district)

Agricultural Credit Non-Agricultural Credit

Primary

Agricultu

ral CreditSocieties

Grain

Banks

Farmers

Service s

ocieties

Urban Co

-operative

Banks

Employees C

o-operative c

redit Societies

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PACS lie at the root of the co-operative credit structure of the country, they all at the local

or base level. In rural areas, there are primary agricultural credit societies, which cater to the shor

t and medium term credit needs of the farmers. The directly dial with the farmers.

The PACS grant short term, medium loans only to numbers against the personal security a

nd mortgage security. The rates of interest charged by them vary from state to state. They deposit

their reserve funds with the co-operative banks.

2) CENTRAL CO-OPERATIVE BANKS:

The CCBs are federation of primary credit societies belonging to a specific district. The

CCB are of 2 types:

i. Pureii. Mixed.

3) STATE CO-OPERATIVE BANKS:

The State co-operative Banks (SCBs) are formed by federating all district central co-oper

ative banks in a particular state. The SCB is the apex bank of co-operative sector in the st

ate.

The SCB raise its funds by way of share capital deposits from the public, surplus funds of

the affiliated CCBs reserves funds, loans from the state bank of India, other commercial

banks and inter bank borrowing. They are also supported by the Reserve Bank. Anywher

e

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between 50-90% of the working capital of the SCBs are contributed by the Reserve Bank

.

4) URBAN CO-OPERATIVE BANKS:Co-operative credit societies established in urban areas are referred as urban co-operative

banks.

Urban co-operative banks usually meet the needs of specific types or groups of members

pertaining to a certain trade profession, community or even locality.

5) LAND DEVELOPMENT BANKS:

The LDBs provide long term loans to the agriculturists for permanent improvements on l

and. They usually charger 90% interest, they grant loans against the security of land or ot

her agricultural property. Loans are usually given on the first mortgage and sometimes ev

en on the second mortgage of land or agricultural property. Generally thy given loan up t

o 50% of the market value of the mortgaged property.

6) SCHEDULED CO-OPERATIVE BANKS

As on June 30, 1988, there were 1,371 primary co-operative banks of which urban co-ope

rative banks numbered, 1,276

As at the end of June 1987 the number of licensed central co-operative banks increased b

y 1 to 37

However the number of licensed SCBs remained unchanged at 9, during the year.

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Following the recommendation of the national Federation of Urban co-operative Banks, th

e RBI has decide to include in the 2nd

schedule of RBI act, 1934, all licensed urban co-operative.

Banks whose total deposits are Rs. 50 crores and above and whose methods of operation and wor

king all satisfactory.

A.BUSINESS OF CO-OPERATIVE BANKSFORMS OF BUSINESS IN WHICH CO-OPERATIVE BANKS MAY ENGAGE;

In addition to business of banking, a co-operative bank may engage in any one or more of t

he following forms of business, namely. The borrowing, raising, or taking up of money, the lendi

ng or advancing of money either upon or without security, The drawing, making, accepting, disc

ounting, buying, selling collecting and dealing in bills of exchange, hundis, promissory notes cou

pons, drafts, bills of lading in bills of lading, railway receipts, warrants debentures, certificates, s

cripts and other instruments and securities whether transferable or negotiable or not, the granting

and issuing of letter of credit, travelers cheque and circular notes, buying, selling and dealing in

bullion and specie, the buying and selling of foreign exchange including foreign bank notices, th

e acquiring, holding, issuing on commission undertaking an dealing in stock, shared, funds, debe

ntures, debenture stock, bonds, obligations, securities and instruments of all kinds, the purchasin

g and selling of bonds, scripts or other forms of securities on behalf of constituents or others, the

negotiating of loans and advances. The receiving of all kinds of bonds, scripts or valuables on de

posit or for safe custody or otherwise, the providing of safe deposits values the collecting and tra

n s m i t t i n g o f m o n e y a n d s e c u r i t i e s .

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B.DRAWBACKS OF CO-OPERATIVE BANKING.Co-operative banking has, no doubt, enjoys several merits. But it is not free from defects. I

t suffers from the following limitations.

i. Co-operative banking structure is weak. A top heavy structure of co-operative bankingis built on very filmy foundations.

ii. Co-operative banks are not able to mobilize adequate recourses from numbers as well asnon-members for one reason or other therefore; they have to depend upon the central

bank for refinance facilities to a large extent.iii. There is utter reliance on honorary services of members even for day to day

management in the case co-operative bank at the bottom level. This has resulted in

efficiency in management.iv. Most of the co-operative banks at the bottom level i.e. the agricultural primary credit

societies, are in the hands of influential people of the villages. This has led to

indiscriminate advancement of loans without looking into the character and repaying

capacity of the borrowers and the purposes of credit. This result is poor recovery of

advances from the borrowers.v. The limited managerial talent available with the co-operative banks and the ineffective

post credit supervision employed by the co-operative banks are also responsible for the

poor recoveries of advances greater incidence of bad debts and loss of funds.vi. Due to lack of honesty and integrity of persons in charge of the day to day

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3. made to understand the importance of building up of own funds and also the needs forensuring all sided development of agriculture.

4. Proper training should be given to the staff of the co-operative credit societies in co-operation, rural economics and theory and practice of banking.

5. Co-operative credit societies should be made to grant loan strictly for productivepurposes keeping in view the honesty and repaying capacity of the borrowers. This could

prevent the members of credit societies from misusing the co-operative credit and living

beyond the means. This could also help the credit society in effective recovery of

advances.

6. Step should be taken to separate the overdue and long term loans to bring them down to alevel at which the borrower could be which would be reasonably expected to repay them

out of their agriculture surplus within a reasonable period of time.7. The co-operative bank should build up enough reserve out of their profit for overcoming

the shortage of funds and for withstanding financial stress and strains.8. The official machinery of the government should provide timely guidance and raise the

tone of administration of credit co-operative society.The co-operative credit movement should be made a movement of the people, and not a moveme

nt of government. This is, the co-operative credit societies should be setup only where the people

need them and have the required co-operative discipline to run them successfully. They should n

ot be imposed on the people, whether they

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OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY: To study about the various aspects of fund management and utilization of funds in

hanumantha nagar co-operative bank ltd.

To gain insights about the future prospects of fund management and to explore tothe future prospects of fund management in hanamantha nagar co-operative bank l

td.

To manage liquidity to meet project cash flow requirements To analyze, conclude the suggestions based on findings.

METHODOLOGY OF THE STUDY:The research being analytical in nature, data is collected through two sources

:

PRIMARY SOURCE OF DATA: The data collected is primary in nature. Primary data is collected through direct discussions with manager and staff of the o

rganization in hanumantha nagar co-operative bank.

SECONDARY SOURCE OF DATA:The data was collected through secondary sources. As this project was a descriptive study conducted, data is obtained fr

om journals, books and Annual reports from the bank etc.,

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TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES:The study involves analytical research of the data. Tools for collecting data are:

Primary data collection tools: It is done through in depth interview with the managers and staff.

Secondary data collection tools: It is collected through journals, books and Annual reports from the hanumantha nagar co-operative bank ltd.

LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY:

Since most of the information obtained was from primary resources it was a bit difficult to get the information.

The comparison of various calculations may not have same conditions, which may result in unrelated comparisons.

The data and figures received from the company were absolute. My conclusion and finding are based upon information provided by the banks off

icials.

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CHAPTER SCHEMES:

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION: The study on this chapter contains the subject background of t

he research topic and the introduction to subject.

CHAPTER 2: RESERCH DESIGN: The report we provide a plan of the study that includes state

ment of problems, scope of the study, operational definition of concepts, methodology and limita

tions of the study and overview of the chapter scheme.

CHAPTER 3: PROFILE OF THE FIRM: The report will contain the complete profile of the indu

stry including history, nature of business, products and services.

CHAPTER 4: ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA: The chapter will include anal

ysis and interpretation of the data and the information will provided by the appropriate means of

tables, graphs and charts where ever necessary followed by the references.

CHAPTER 5: SUMMARY OF FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS: The study will provide a su

mmary of findings that will complied from the inferences drawn through the analysis of data.