PALI PRIMER
(Dhammajivi)
( foreign1 )
not for sale
I
Lily de Silva, m.a.,Ph.D. Pali PrimerIndia
Vipassana Research Institute
II
( )
Dhammajivi 2004121
III
.
-a
ger.inf.
ppr.
pr.
fut.
opt.pot.
imp.
aor.
-a
pp.
-i -i
ppr.
fpp. grd.
caus.
-u i, -i, -u, u
-i, -u -vant(u) .mant(u)
1
3
12
16
19
23
25
27
29
31
33
36
38
41
43
45
50
53
57
64
75
IV
136
138
inf. 146
147
151
( pronoun) 160
adj. / a. 167
number 169
172
compound 177
verbal compound 181
Comparison and Repetitious Emphasis 185
Sandhi 186
syntax 190
[] 198
[1]
[2]
198
208
[] 216
[] 220
[] 222
[] 224
[] 227
[] 228
229
V
136
[] []
136 137
138 [] 138 [1]
[2] 138 139
[3] [4]
139 140
[5] 140 [6] 141
[] 141 [1] (act./ parassapada) 141 [2] 142 [] hoti karoti 143
inf. 146
147 []
[] absolute [] fpp./ grd. [] ger.
147 147 148 149
151 [] 151 [1] 151 [2] 151 1. nom. 151 2. acc. 3. ins. 152 4. dat. 5. abl. 153 6. gen. 7. loc.
8. voc.
[] 154
VI
( pronoun) 160 [] 160
[1] 160 [2] (ta / eta) [3] ay / i 161 [4] asu / amu [5] ya 162 [6] sabba [7] ka / ki 163
[8] ka--ci / (a) pi / -cana [] 163
[1] 163 [2] 164 [3] [4] 165 [5] [6] 166 [7] attan
[8] samam
adj. / a. 167 [] 167 [] 168
[]
number 169 []
[] 169 170
[] 170
172 [] adv.
ma 172 173
[] conj. 174 [] intej. 175 [] prep. 176
compound 177 []
[] 177 177
VII
verbal compound 181 []
[] []
181 183 184
Comparison and Repetitious Emphasis 185 []
[] 185 185
Sandhi 186 []
[] 186 186
[1] [2]
186 188
[3] [4] [5] [6] [7]
188 189
syntax 190 []
[] iti [] []
190 191 191 192
[] 198 [1]
[2]
198 208
[] 216
[] 220
[] 222
[] 224
[] 227
[] 228
229
VIII
root mhvs Mahavamsa A. Avgutara-Nikaya mid. middle abl. ablative med. medium abs. absolute n. / nt. neuter acc. accusative N Noun act. active nom. nominative adj. adject num. numeral adv. adverb opt. optative aor. aorist pass. passive cau. causative perf. perfect comp. compound p. / pl. plural cond. conditional pr. present conj. conjunction ppr. present D. Digha-Nikaya participle dat. dative pp. past participle denom. denomination pref. prefix desid. desiderative prep. preposition DhA. Dhammapada- pron. pronoun Atthakatha rel.pron. relative pronoun eg./ ex. for example S. Samyutta-Nikaya f. feminine s. / sg. singular fpp. future passive Sk. Savskrit participle suf. sufix fut. future V. Verb gen. genitive vi. intransitive verb ger. gerund Vin. Vinaya (P.t.S.) grd. gerundive vt. transitive verb imp imperative [] voc. vocative ind. indeclinable inf. infinitive 1p. / 1 first person ins. instrumental 2p. / 2 second person intens. intensitive 3p. / 3 third person interj. interjection interr. interrogative become b. bataka come from loc. locative and m. Majjhima-Nikaya / or m. masculine equal to
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1
Namo Tasso Bhagavato Arahato Sammasambuddhassa. 1
Pali PRIMER
The Alphabet
(Pali)
Devanagari Sinhalese BurmeseKamboja P.T.S. Roman
418 33
[]Vowels a, a, i, i, u, u, e, o
[]Consonants
Gutturals Palatels Cerebrals dentals Labials
k, c, t, t, p,
kh, ch, th, th, ph,
g, j, d, d, b,
gh, jh, dh, dh, bh,
v b n n m
Miscellaneousy, r, l, v, s, h, l, m
[]
a a i i u u e o
1. metta, khetta,kottha, sotthi;
2. deva, sena, loka, odana
1 namonamo homage to
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2
[]
k kh g gh v
c ch j jh b
t th d dh n
t th d dh n
vbnn
p ph b bh m
y r l v s h l m
8 33
8 33
a+i a+u
a a k kh g gh v h i i
e c ch j jh b y
t th d dh n r l t th d dh n l s u u
o
p ph b bh m
m
v
k,c,t,t,p
1
1
-a
1.1
[] nom. / nominative =
[1] nom. = -a declension -o= = m.s.nom. -a= = m.p.nom.
s.() p.() nara + o = naro nara + a= nara
[2]
bhasa, paca, kasabase -ti =pr.3,s. -nti =pr.3,p.
[3]
s.() p.() 1. bhasati bhasanti 2. pacati pacanti 3. kasati kasanti
[4]
s.() p.() 1. naro bhasati. nara bhasanti. 2. matulo pacati. matula pacanti.
[] acc. / accusative =
[1] -m==m.s.acc. -e==m.p.acc. 1.
2. acc.
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2
[2]
nara + m = naram nara + e = nare
[3]
1. Putto naram passati. Putta nare passanti.
2. Brahmano matulam rakkhati. Brahmana matule rakkhanti.
[] ins./ instrumental =
[1] -ena==m.s.ins. -ehi==m.p.ins. -ebhi= =m.p.ins. 1.
2. saddhim/ saha
[2]
nara + ena = narena nara + ehi = narehi (narebhi)
[3]
1. Samano narena saddhim gamam gacchati. Samana narehi saddhim gamam gacchanti.
2. Kassako kakacena rukkham chindati. Kassaka kakacehi rukkhe chindanti.
[] dat./ dative =
[1] -aya/ -ssa== m.s.dat. -anam= = m.p.dat.
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3
[2]
nara + aya / ssa = naraya / narassa nara + anam = naranam
[3]
1. Dhivaro naraya maccham aharati. Dhivara naranam macche aharanti.
2. Putto matulassa odanam dadati. Putta matulanam odanam dadanti.
[] abl./ ablative =
[1] -a/ -mha/ -sma== m.s.abl. -ehi= = m.p.abl. -ebhi= = m.p.abl.
[2]
nara + a/ mha/ sma nara + ehi = nara/ naramha/ narasma = narehi (narebhi)
[3]
1. Yacako naramha bhattam yacati. Yacaka narehi bhattam yacanti.
2. Putto matulamha pabham pucchati. Putta matulehi pabhe pucchanti.
[] gen./ genitive =
[1] -aya/ -ssa== m.s.gen. -anam= = m.p. gen.
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[2]
nara + aya / ssa = naraya / narassa nara + anam = naranam
[3]
1. Narassa putto bhattam yacati. Naranam putta bhattam yacanti.
2. Matulassa sahayako ratham aharati. Matulanam sahayaka rathe aharanti.
[] loc./ locative =
[1] -e/ -mhi/ smim= =m.s.loc. -esu= = m.p. loc.
[2]
nara + e / mhi / smim nara + esu = nare / naramhi / narasmim = naresu
[]
1. sappo narasmim patati. sappa naresu patanti. 2. Putto matulamhi pasidati. Putta matulesu pasidanti.
[] voc./ vocative =
[1] -a= = m.s.voc. -a= = m.p.voc.
[2]
nara nara + a= nara 1.2. -a declension
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5
Nara = man s. () p. () 1. nom. naro nara 2. acc. naram nare 3. ins. narena narehinarebhi 4. dat. naraya, narassa naranam 5. abl. nara, naramha, narasma narehinarebhi 6. gen. narassa naranam 7. loc. nare, naramhi, narasmim naresu 8. voc. nara nara
1.3. -a declension Phala = fruit
s. () p.() 1. nom. phalam phala, phalani 2. acc. phalam phale, phalani 3. ins. phalena phalehiphalebhi 4. dat. phalaya, phalassa phalanam 5. abl. phala, phalamha, phalasma phalehiphalebhi 6. gen. phalassa phalanam 7. loc. phale, phalamhi, phalasmim phalesu 8. voc. phala phalani
-a 1.4
[1] -a aja amacca assa asappurisa acariya akasa aloka avata upasaka odana kakaca kassaka
kaka kaya kukkura kuddala kumara khagga gama gona canda cora Tathagata tapasa
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daraka dipa duta deva dhamma dhivara nara navika nivasa pabha pandita patta pabbata pada pasana pasada pitaka putta purisa
ratha rukkha labha luddaka loka varaha vanija vanara vihara vejja sakata sakuna sagga sappa sappurisa samana samudda sara savaka
Buddha brahmana bhatta bhupala makkata magga maccha mabca manussa matula miga mitta yacaka rajaka
sahaya sahayaka sataka sigala siha suka / suva sugata sunakha sura suriya sukara/varaha sona sopana hattha
[2] -a
arabba / vana asana udaka / jala uyyana kusuma khira
khetta geha / ghara tina dana dvara nagara nayana/locana
panna puppha/ kusuma bhanda
rupa vattha sila
