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NTT DOCOMO, INC., Copyright 2012, All rights reserved. 1
Further LTE Enhancements
toward Future Radio Access
Takehiro Nakamura
NTT DOCOMO, Inc.
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NTT DOCOMO, INC., Copyright 2012, All rights reserved. 2
LTE Release 10/11 (LTE-Advanced)Standardization
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3GPP
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Release 99
Release 4
Release 5
Release 6
1.28Mcps TDD
HSDPA
W-CDMA
HSUPA, MBMS
2006 2007 2008 2009
Release 7 HSPA+ (MIMO, HOM etc.)
Release 8
2010 2011
LTE
Release 9
Release 10
GSM/GPRS/EDGE enhancements
Minor LTEenhancements
2012 2013
Release 11
ITU-R M.1457
IMT-2000 Recommendation
LTE-AdvancedITU-R M.2012IMT-Advanced
Recommendation
Approved at ITU-R RA
in Jan. 2012
3GPP TSG-RAN Workshop on Release 12
onward to be held on June 11-12, 2012
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Key Requirements for LTE-Advanced
March 4, 2011
LTE-Advanced shall be deployed as anevolut ion of LTE Release 8 and on new
bands.
LTE-Advanced shall be backwardscompatible with LTE Release 8
Smooth and flexible system migrationfrom Rel-8 LTE to LTE-Advanced
LTE Rel-8 cell
LTE Rel-8 terminal LTE-Advanced terminal
LTE-Advanced cell
LTE Rel-8 terminal LTE-Advanced terminal
LTE-Advanced backward compatibil ity wi th LTE Rel-8
An LTE-Advanced terminal
can work in an LTE Rel-8 cellAn LTE Rel-8 terminal can
work in an LTE-Advanced cell
LTE-Advanced(LTE Release 10)
LTE Release 8
LTE-Advanced contains all features
of LTE Rel-8&9 and additional
features for further evolution
LTE Release 9
LTE-Advanced evolved
from LTE Rel-8
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Key Features in LTE Release 10&11
Support of Wider Bandwidth(Carrier Aggregation) Rel-10&11 Use of multiple component carriers(CC) to extend bandwidth up to 100 MHz Common physical layer parameters between component carrier and LTE Rel-8 carrier Improvement of peak data rate, backward compatibility with LTE Rel-8
Advanced MIMO techniques Rel-10 Extension to up to 8-layer transmission in downlink Introduction of single-user MIMO up to 4-layer transmission in uplink Enhancements of multi-user MIMO Improvement of peak data rate and capacity
Heterogeneous network and
eICIC(enhanced Inter-Cell Interference Coordination) Rel-10&11 Interference coordination for overlaid deployment of cells with different Tx power Improvement of cell-edge throughput and coverage
Relay Rel-10 Type 1 relay supports radio backhaul and creates a separate cell and appear as Rel-8
LTE eNB to Rel-8 LTE UEs Improvement of coverage and flexibility of service area extension
Coordinated Multi-Point transmission and reception (CoMP) Rel-11 Support of multi-cell transmission and reception Improvement of cell-edge throughput and coverage
Interference rejection combining (IRC) UE receiverRel-11 Improved minimum performance requirements for E-UTRA Improvement of cell-edge throughput
100 MHz
fCC
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Future Radio Access(LTE Release 12 and Beyond)
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Growth of Packet Traffic in DOCOMO
Various services, especially video services, and high-speed mobile accessincreased amount of mobile data traffic
Approx. 1.6 times per year (2004 2009) Approx. 2 t imes per year (2010-2011)
Further traffic growth is projected due to dramatic increase in Smartphone sales
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By 2015, the mobile data trafficfootprint of a single subscribercould be 450 times what it was10 years earlier in 2005.
Forecast of Mobile Data Traffic Growth
Mobile video has the highest growth
rate of any application category
Cisco VNI Mobile:
Consensus in the industry is that there will be substantial growthin demand for mobile data traffic over the next 5 10 years
UMTS Forum:
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Approach for Capacity Enhancements
Spectrum extension
Network density
Required capacity(bps/km2= bps/Hz/cell x Hz x cell/km2)
Spectrum efficiency
Currentcapacity
New cellular concept for cost/energy-efficient dense deployments
Non-orthogonal multiple access
Study for new interference scenarios
Dense urban
Shopping mall
Home/office
Cellular network assistslocal area radio access
Hybrid access using coverage
and capacity spectrum bands
Multiple access technologieswith Tx-Rx cooperative
interference cancellation
Traffic offloading(alternative means for communication)
WiFi offload, D2D, etc.
We need set of radio access technologies to satisfy
future requirements of500-1000x capacity
Existing cellular bands Higher/wider frequency bands
Frequency
Very wide Super wide
Controller
TRx
TRx
TRx
TRx
TRx
TRx
TRx
TRx
Massive MIMO,Advanced receiver
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Other Requirements (1)
Mobility
Data rate
1 Gbpswide area
10 GbpspeakIMT-Advanced
van diagramMobility
Data rate
100 Mbpswide area
1 GbpspeakIMT-Advanced
van diagram
10x improvement in the next decadeMore spectra utilized efficiently
Requirements mainly from user perspective
Source: Artist4G (FP7 ICT), J an. 2010
Higher data rate and user-experienced throughput
Data rate competitive to that offuture wired networks
Gbps-order experiencedthroughput
Low latency for improving userexperience
Fairness of user throughput In a cell
Improve cell-edge throughput Among cells Urban to rural Digital divide
Among users Lower system impact from few
heavy users
Gbps-order
experienced throughput
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Other Requirements (2)
Flexible, easy, and cost-efficientoperation
For diverse spectrum allocation Efficient utilization of
higher/wider frequency bands For diverse environments and
network nodes/devices withdifferent types of backhauling
RRE, Femto, relay, etc. For diverse types of services, user
devices, and communicationmethodologies
MTC, thin client, etc.
Energy saving (Green) Reduction in joule per bit
System robustness againstemergencies
Earthquake, Tsunami, etc.
Requirements mainly from operator perspective
Different duplex schemesmay be applied
Frequency
Non-contiguous spectrum allocationover wide range of frequencies
Macrocells RRE Femto
Robustness toemergencies
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Possible Standardization Scenario
Standardization scenario towards 2020 Mid-to-long term evolution introducing new technologies to achieve required
capacity gain based on 3GPP LTE radio interface The following two types of evolutions to be considered
Backward-compatible evolutions Evolutions backward compatible to legacy UEs sharing the same spectrum bands New technologies to be introduced, e.g., for further improving spectrum efficiency
Most of new radio access technologies can be introduced in future LTE releases using LTE(OFDM/SC-FDMA) based signal waveform
Complementary evolutions Introduction of new carrier type that is complementary to legacy carrier type(s) with
backward-compatible evolutions Evolutions focusing on new frequency spectrum bands and/or specific scenarios
such as enhanced local area radio access
Rel. 8 Rel. 10
Rel. 1X
Rel. 11 Rel. 1X
Legacy
carrier typeRel. 11 Rel. 1X
Additional
carrier typeNew carrier type or
new radio inter face
Complementary
evolutions
Backward-compatible evolutions
New RAT?
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Technologies Related to EfficientSpectrum Extension and Utilization
Spectrumextension
Capacity
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Wider Bandwidth
Super-wideband to achieve Gbps as typical data rate
At least more than 200 MHz wil l be desirable (maybe up to 1 GHz)
Utilization of much higher frequencies
Maybe possible to find contiguous wideband spectrum in higher frequency
Bandwidth Spectrum efficiency
100 MHz 10 bps/Hz (4x4 MIMO)
200 MHz 5 bps/Hz (2x2 MIMO)
300 MHz 3.3 bps/Hz (~64QAM)
600 MHz 1.7 bps/Hz (~16QAM)
1000 MHz 1 bps/Hz (~QPSK)
Examples to achieve 1-Gbps data rate
FRA Gbps to be achieved with lower
spectrum efficiency, e.g., without MIMO(More than 10-Gbps can be achievedby MIMO technology)
LTE-A
Existing cellular bands Higher frequency bands
Frequency
Very wide(e.g. > 3.5GHz)
Super wide(e.g. > 10GHz)
How to use in
cellular systems ?
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Efficient Spectrum Utilization
Hybrid radio access using lower & higher frequency bands
Basic coverage/mobil itysupported in lower frequency bands, e.g., existingcellular bands
Current Service Quality in terms of Connectivity/ Mobility can be maintained
Support control signaling for efficient small-cell discovery
High speed data transmissionsupported in higher frequency bands
Large bandwidth
Mainly for smaller or denser cell deployments
Existing cellular bands(high power density for coverage)
Higher frequency bands(wider bandwidth for high data rate)
Frequency
Very wide(e.g. > 3.5GHz)
Super wide(e.g. > 10GHz)
Hybrid radio access
Macro-cellular deployments
supporting full coverage area
Various local area scenarios
with low-power nodes/devices
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Technologies for Efficient Support ofDenser Network Deployments
Capacity
Requirements for Denser Network
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Requirements for Denser NetworkDeployments
Capacity per NW cost (bps/cost)
= Capacity per unit area / NW cost per unit area
Efficient small cell identification & mobility UE battery saving
Can be optimized to low mobility Support for non-uniform deployments
Dense cells for high traffic area
Less efforts on cell planning
(bps/km2 (=bps/cell x cell/km2))
km
km
(cost/km2)Spectrum efficiency x bandwidth
- Low cost NW node & backhauldeployments
- Easy cell planning & maintenance- NW energy saving
Macro cell
Small cell
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Deployment Scenarios
Two deployment scenarios are identified for small-cell
deployments (increasing network density): Scenario 1 (Mixed deployment scenario):
Small cell and Macro cell co-exist on a single carrier.
Scenario 2 (Small-cell dedicated carrier scenario): Small cell utilizes a dedicated carrier, where no Macro cell exists.
F1
F2
F0
Scenario 1: Mixed deployment scenario Scenario 2: Small-cell dedicated carrier scenario
Secenario 1 was studied in Rel-11. We assume Scenario 2getting more and more important in Rel-12 onward
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RRH CA Deployments
2 GHz(Example)
3.5 GHz
(Example)
Macro cell
Macro cell link can maintain good connectivity and mobility
RRH link can provide high throughput due to frequency reuse
using small RRH cells
Additional carrier type for RRH l ink would provide more flexible
and cost/energy-efficient operations
RRH
RRH
RRH
RRH
RRH link
Macro cell link
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Technologies for Further EnhancingSpectrum Efficiency
Spectrum
efficiency
Capacity
Different Requirements
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Different RequirementsBetween WA and LA Spectra
Different requirements for radio access between Wide Area (WA)and Local Area (LA) spectra in HetNet deployments
But, commonality between WA and LA to be considered within aframework of LTE-based radio interface
Macro-cellular deployments
supporting full coverage area
Various local area scenarios
with low-power nodes/devices
Wide Area spectrum Local Area spectrum
Spectrum effic iency Very important(limited BW)
Important(may not be critical if large BW available)
Mobility Medium-to-High LowCoverage Essential Not critical
(but wider is better)
DL/UL radio link Asymmetric More symmetric
Traffic load More uniform(many users & cell planning)
More fluctuated(less users & non-uniform deployments)
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FDD/TDD in Local Area
FDD is advantageous over TDD in wide area No need for synchronization among cells/operators
The adjacent channel interference is much lower than in TDD Wider coverage and lower latency owing to continuous transmission
DL/UL channels are always "open
TDD might be more applicable in local area & in higher frequency bands Requirements on synchronization among operators can be relaxed in local area
Potential benefits in spectrum sharing between DL/UL Dynamic TDD Traffic is more bursty (unbalanced DL/UL) in local area
Interference management of DL/UL transmissions is required among multi-points
Possibly facilitate worldwide harmonized spectrum allocation
Flexible spectrum allocation
No need for guard band (No need for duplexer)
UL DL
UL DL
UL DL
UL DL
DLUL
DLDL
User #2User #1
User #3User #4
User #2User #1
User #3User #4Enhanced
efficiency
Static DL/UL
allocation
Dynamic DL/UL
allocation
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Concept of Hybrid Radio Access
Hybrid radio access
Adaptation of radio access schemes according to environments,
spectrum bands, types of traffic, etc.
Required high commonality in radio interface among radio access schemes
Example of hybrid access schemes
Hybrid FDD and TDD according to cell environments
Hybrid non-orthogonal and orthogonal multiple access schemesaccording to, e.g., path loss variation among users
Hybrid multi-carrier and single-carrier transmission schemes accordingto, e.g., required coverage or cell environments
Wide area/lower frequency Local area/higher frequency
Adaptation for radioaccess schemes
Resourcemapping& Powercontrol
DFT (SC)
S/P (MC)Tx data IFFT Transmission
Local area
Wide area
freq/time
Orthogonal
freq/time
Non-orthogonal Path loss variationLarge Small(Wide area) (Local area)
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Conclusion
LTE Release 10 and 11
LTE Release 10 was developped and approved in ITU-R M.2012 asLTE-Advanced
LTE Release 11 is under development to enhance LTE Release 10technologies
Future Radio Access (LTE Release 12 and beyond)
3GPP will hold a Workshop on Release 12 onward to identifyrequirements and potential technologies for Future Radio Access
Variety of requirements including reduced cost and further capacityenhancements needed by traffic explosion
Two evolution scenarios, backward compatible evolution andcomplementary evolution, to satisfy both of backward compatibility and
sufficient gain
Key techniques to meet requirements
Efficient utilization of higher and wider spectrum bands
New small-cell dedicated carrier for efficient and simple NW densification
Hybrid Radio Access for wide area and local area enhancements
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i h ll i h d