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2017 Asia Forest Fire Management Training Seoul, Republic of Korea, 15-22 October 2017
Oyunsanaa ByambasurenUNISDR-Regional Central Asia Wildland Fire Network
Fire Management Resource Center – Central Asia Regionc/o National University of Mongolia
Extreme fire behaviour and fire safety
Equipment and vehicles hazards
Personal protective equipment (PPE)
Emergency situations
Contents
Fatalities (Forest fires-2007):Greece – 63Croatia – 12Bulgaria - 3
UNISDR Regional Southeast Europe / Caucasus Wildland Fire Network
Fatalities (Forest fires-2012):Macedonia - 4
-A hazard is a situation that poses a level of threat to life, health, property, or environment.
= Likelihood of Occurrence x Seriousness if incident occurred (vulnerability)
A fireground environment holds many potential hazards so the firstquestion to be asked is “Why am I here at all?” or “What is my purposehere?”.
For firefighters tackling a wildfire the normal purpose is to protectsomething, usually in the following order:
• Human life, firstly of the firefighter• Communities• Property• Natural resource
HAZARD
Risk
Extreme fire behaviour and fire safety
1.1.1 Typical fire shape with associated hazards
Fire environment &fire behaviour
Effect of wind change on a fire
Some key questions:• Where and when will fire behaviour change?• Will the situation become worse or better?• How long will your location be safe?• When should you move?
Radiant Heat AcrossNarrow Canyon
Spotting Across Narrow Canyon
The chimney effect
Look up, look down and look around fire behaviour indicators
Fire behaviour hazards and control measures
Portugal 2006
One survived
Equipment and vehicles hazards
Equipment and vehicle hazards
Country Aircrafts engageddomestic received assistance
Albania 2 – airplanes AN-2 2 – helicopters
ArmeniaAzarbedjanBosnia and HrzegovinaBulgaria 1 - Il-76
Croatia4- CL-415
1- AT 6-helicopters (Mi-8)
Greece 23- airplanes18 - helicopters
Macedonia1- airplane (Zlin 242 L)3- airplanes (AN-2)2- helicopters ( Mi-17)1- helicopter ()
2- airplanes ( CL-415, 32)2 – helicopters ( 412 and UH 1D)
RomaniaSerbia 1- Il-76
SloveniaTurkey 20-airplanes
29-helicopters
Ukraine 1-airplane (AN-32)1-helicopter (Mi-2)
Total 27-aireplanes37-helicopters
27-airplanes22-helicopters
Aircrafts engaged - 2007
Equipment and vehicle hazards and control measures
Hand tools
Travel to the job:• Pass tools handle first• Keep 3 meters apart when carrying tools to the task• Carry tools at the balance point of the handle alongside the body with the
blade forward and the cutting edge facing away from the body• Secure tools when transporting
Use the hand tools safely:• Use tools only for their intended purpose• Work at least 3 meters apart• Check your backswing and impact area is clear• Remove overhanging limbs that might interfere when swinging the tool• Be especially careful on hillsides• When not in use, stand the tool upright, with the blade in soil
Fire Management on Terrain Contaminated by Unexploded Ordnance (UXO) and Land Mines
Special issue
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
Personal protective equipment
Personal protective equipment must protect from:
• Physical injury – scratches, abrasions and direct burns
• Exposure to radiant heat
• Build up of metabolic heat
Clothing for firefighting should include:
• Safety helmet and neck-protecting cloth (also protects from radiant heat)
• Long sleeve thick shirt and long trousers of thick fabric, or fire resistant overalls)
• Leather or other suitable boots with woollen soacks
• Gloves and Googles
The effect of heat on humans
SOME PEOPLE,
EVEN FIREFIGHTERS !!,
BELIEVE THAT
=
NOT
TRUE
Heat Stress – overheating of the body
Physiological facts
• 1°C rise in core body temperature ( to 38ºC)- seeing and hearing are impaired,
• 2°C rise in core body temperature ( to 39-40ºC)- risk of collapse
• 2.5°C rise in core body temperature ( to 39.5-40.5ºC)- 50% of people have impaired thinking
and their speech makes little sense
= ??
DEFINITELY
NOT
TRUE !!!
Emergency situations
Fitness
The risks from various hazards are reduced by personnel having an appropriate level of physical fitness.
The ability to escape from a rapidly approaching fire to a safety zone is also related to fitness.
Միավոր EF1. ԱնվտանգությունEntrapment/burn-over survival actions
These techniques should to only be used as a last resort!
Flame length and safety zone sizes
Note: In the absence of wind and slope influences.
SSD ‐ Safe Separation Distance
SSD = 8 x ∆ x Hveg
As an example, if a firefighter were working on a fire burning in sage brush that was 3ft tall and the proposed safety zone was located in an area with a general slope of15% and the wind speed expected for the upcoming burn period was 10 mph, with theconditions (fuel moisture, relative humidity, air temperature) generally moderate, thevalue for ∆ would be 2. Thus the safety zone should be large enough to provide aminimum separation from sage brush of 8 x 2 x 3 ft = 48 ft. If the vegetation heightwere given as 1 meter than the SSD would be 8 x 2 x 1m = 16 m.
“Watchout - Australian”
“10 Standard Fireorders – USA”
Biological threats
snake snake
bloodsucker
wasp wasp
2017 Asia Forest Fire Management Training Seoul, Republic of Korea, 15-22 October 2017