OWG000001 WCDMA Core Network Overview ISSUE1.3

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OWG000001 WCDMA Core Network Overview

ISSUE 1.3

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Page 2HUAWEI Confidential

Objectives

Know 3Gpp evolution path, and know each

step’s characteristic

Master MSOFTX3000 and UMG8900’s

function

Master R4 network structure

Upon completion of this course,you will be able to:


Chapter1 Core Network Evolution

Chapter2 R99 Core Network




Definition of Core Network

CN includes a series of physical entities to realize user location

management, network function and service control, such as (G)MSC, HLR,

SCP, SMC,GSN etc.

CN can be divided into three types: Home Network Domain, Transit Network

Domain and Roaming Network Domain. Ref. is 3GPP 23.101.

User Equipment Domain

Access Network Domain Core Network Domain

Infrastructure Domain

Cu

Mobile EquipmentDomain

USIMDomain

Home NetworkDomain

TransitNetworkDomain

Uu Iu

[Zu]

[Yu]

ServingNetworkDomain


3GPP Evolution Path3GPP Evolution Path

The time of freezing function

3GPP R99

3GPP R4

3GPP R5

3GPP R6

1999/03 2001/03 2002/03 layout

GSM

2000/03


Terminal

GSM

GPRS

MSC/VLR/GMSC/SSP

SGSN/GGSN/CG/BG

Service DomainHLR/AUC/SCPBSS

PSTN

2G Core NetworkRadioNetwork

ExternalNetwork

Core Network Evolution (I)

1999/03 2001/03 2002/03 layout2000/03

3GPP R6

3GPP R5

3GPP R4

3GPP R99 GSM


Core Network Evolution (II)

1999/03 2001/03 2002/03 layout2000/03

3GPP R6

3GPP R5

3GPP R4

3GPP R99 GSM

Terminal

UMTS CS

UMTS PS

MSC/VLR/GMSC/SSP

SGSN/GGSN/CG/BG

Service DomainHLR/AUC/SCP

UTRAN

PSTN

3G R99 Core NetworkRadioNetwork

ExternalNetwork

BSS

R99:

New radio access technology is introduced

Minor modification for core network


R99 Network Architecture

GSM /GPRS BSS

BTS

BSC

NodeB

RNC

PCU

UTRAN

SCP

SMS

SCE

PSTNISDN

Internet,Intranet

MSC/VLR GMSC

HLR/AUC

SGSN

CG BG

GGSN

GPRS BACKBONE/

Other PLMN

SS7


R99 Core Network － Features and Technologies

Core Network is split into CS domain and PS domain. CS domain is based on

original GSM network. PS domain is based on original GPRS network.

CS domain: used to provide Circuit-switched service. Network mode can supp

ort TDM, ATM and IP. Physical entities include switching equipment (such as M

SC/VLR, GMSCs), and inter-working equipment (IWF).

PS domain: used to provide Packet-switched service. Network mode is IP. Phy

sical entities include SGSN, GGSN, CG , BG etc.


Core Network Evolution (III)

1999/03 2001/03 2002/03 layout2000/03

3GPP R6

3GPP R5

3GPP R4

3GPP R99 GSM

UMTS PSSGSN/GGSN/CG/BG

ServiceDomain

HLR/AUC/LCSSMS/SCP

PSTN

3G R4 Core NetworkTerminal RadioNetwork

ExternalNetwork

Control PlaneMSC Server/VLR/SSP

Bear Plane

MGW

UMTS CS

UTRAN

BSS H.248

R4:

MSC of CN (core network) is divided into

two type of devices: MSC Server and MGW


SCP

SMS-C

GMLC/SMLCHLR/EIR

CAP

MAPMAP

MAP

SIGTRANSS7

UTRAN

BSSTDM

MGWMGW

IP BackBone

IP network

GSM/R99PLMN

PSTN/ISDNVMSC Server

RANAP

BSSAP

AAL2

H.248

MAP

BICC GMSC Server

TDM/G.711

TDM/G.711


RTP/RTCP


Bearer and Control Separated

Control Layer

Bearer Layer

MSC

H.248


R4 Core Network － Function Entities MSC Server: control layer, to realize MM (mobility management), CM ( call c

ontrol), MGC (media gateway control) .

MGW ： bearer layer, to realize the switch function of voice and media flow,

and provide all kinds resources, such as TC, EC, play announcement and r

eceive DTMF.

SG: to realize signaling transfer from MTP (SS7 transmission layer) to SCT

P/IP (SIGTRAN transmission layer).


MSCV9 includes two partsMSCV9 includes two parts

MSOFTX3000

UMG8900

MSC V9

MSOFTX3000 and UMG8900 are all WCDMA R4 products

MSC SERVER

MGW


MSC V9 can support GSM 、 3GPP R99 、 3GPP R4 network

GSM/GPRS network

TDM交换

MSCMSC

GPRS 网络

GSN GSN

GSM BSS

ATM/TDM综合交换

R99 MSCR99 MSC

UMTS 网络

GSN GSN

WCDMA RAN

R99 network

BSC BTSRNC Node B

IP/ATM/TDM网络MGWMSC Server

UMTS 网络

GSN GSN

WCDMA RAN

RNC Node B

R4 network

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MSC V9 has Modularized Architecture, High IntegrationMSC V9 has Modularized Architecture, High Integration

6 Racks1,800,000 subs

1 Racks150,000 subs

3 Racks1,000,000 subs

Typical Configuration IntegrationTypical Configuration IntegrationTypical Configuration IntegrationTypical Configuration Integration

Traditional MSC

(1000K subs)

V9 MSC or

MSC Server + MGW

(1000K subs)


UMTS PSSGSN/GGSN

ServiceDomainHSS/LCSMMS/SCP

PSTN

3G R5 Core NetworkTerminal RadioNetwork

ExternalNetwork

Control PlaneMSC Server/VLR/SSP

Bear PlaneMGW

UMTS CS

UMTS IMS

MGCF/CSCF/MRFUTRAN

BSS H.248

Core Network Evolution (IV)

1999/03 2001/03 2002/03 layout2000/03

3GPP R6

3GPP R5

3GPP R4

3GPP R99 GSM

R5:

New IMS (IP multimedia Subsystem) Domain

is introduced to CN


Questions

Which functions can CN provide?

What is the WCDMA first version? How about the features?

Which domain in WCDMA R4 can implement the function of

control layer separated from bearer layer?








BSS

BSC

RNS

RNC

CN

Node B Node B

A IuPS

Iur

Iub

MS

Uu

MSCSGSN

Gs

GGSNGMSC

GnHLR

Gr

GcC

D

E

AuC

H

EIR

F Gf

GiPSTN

IuCSGb

VLR

B

Gp

VLRG

BTSBTS

Um

RNCAbis

MSC

B

PSTN

cell

PCU

UE


R99 Core network － Function Entity(1) Function entity shared by CS domain and PS :

HLR: to realize mobile subscriber management and location information management ;

AUC: to store authentication information of mobile subscriber ;

EIR: to store IMEI data of mobile subscriber;

SMS: Short Message Center.


R99 Core network － Function Entity(2) Function entity of CS domain:

MSC: to realize switching and signaling control function of circuit service.

VLR: to deal with all kinds of data information of current mobile subscriber ;

GMSC: to realize addressing function for different network. GMSC and MSC can be

integrated together or separated independently.

IWF: integrated together with MSC, to realize inter-working with PLMN and ISDN,

PSTN , PDN (Mainly complete signaling transfer function), its functions can be

defined based on specified services and network types.


R99 Core Network － Function Entity(3) Function entity of PS domain:

SGSN: to realize packet switching function, signaling control function and route

function of packet service.

GGSN: to realize inter-working with PS domain and external data network.

CG: to realize billing function of packet service.

BG: to realize inter-working of two GPRS network and guarantee the security of

network.


R99 Core Network － Interface(1) Interface between CN and RAN/BSS:

A Interface: to realize mobile station management, base station management,

mobility management and call processing, etc.

Gb interface: to realize packet data transmit and mobility management.

Iu-CS interface: to realize RNS management, mobility management and call contr

ol function.

Iu-PS interface: its basic function is similar to Iu-CS interface.


R99 Core Network － Interface(2) CS internal interface:

B interface (MSC-VLR): A private interface between VLR and MSC. It is used for the

MSC to query the current location information of a Mobile Station (MS) from the Visit

Location Register (VLR), or request the VLR to update the current location information

of the MS or is used for the operations of supplementary services.

C interface (MSC-HLR): to get MSRN, the IN service related subscriber status and loca

tion information.


R99 Core Network － Interface(3) D interface (VLR-HLR): used to exchange the location information of the MS and the

subscriber management information.

E interface ( between MSC): to be used for handover process between two MSCs.

F interface (MSC-EIR) : to be used for EIR to verify IMEI status information of mobile

equipment.

G interface (between VLR): to exchange IMSI and authentication information when

MS moves from one VLR to another VLR.


R99 Core Network － Interface(4) PS internal interface:

Gr interface (SGSN-HLR): to exchange mobile location information and manage subscri

ber signed information. It is similar to C interface.

Gn, Gp interface (SGSN-GGSN): GTP is adopted, used for establish tunnel and transmi

t data packet between GSN equipment.

Gc interface (GGSN-HLR) : optional.

Gf interface (SGSN-EIR) .

Gi interface (GGSN – external network).

Common interfaces shared by CS and PS:

Gs interface (MSC/VLR-SGSN): used for combined location update between MSC and

SGSN) .

H interface (HLR-AUC): used for authentication and ciphering. It is a private interface.


Questions

What’s the functions of R99 core network elements ?

Which interfaces do we have in the R99 core network ?







Chapter3 R4 Core NetworkChapter3 R4 Core Network

Section 1 Networking and Interface Section 1 Networking and Interface

Section 2 R4 Features


SCP

SMS-C

GMLC/SMLCHLR/EIR

CAP

MAPMAP

MAP

SIGTRANSS7

UTRAN

BSSTDM

MGWMGW

IP BackBone

IP network

GSM/R99PLMN

PSTN/ISDNVMSC Server

RANAP

BSSAP

AAL2

H.248

MAP

BICC GMSC Server

TDM/G.711

TDM/G.711


RTP/RTCP


R4 Core Network － Interface and Protocol (1)

MGW

Mc Mc

Nb

Nc

MSC Server

MGW

GMSC Server

BICC

SCTP M3UA MTP3B MTP3

SCTP SSCF/SSCOP MTP2

IP IP AAL5/ATM MTP1

H.248

SCTP UDP MTP3B

IP SSCF/SSCOP/AAL5

RTP/RTCP AAL2 Voice

UDP/IP ATM PCM


R4 Core Network － Interface and Protocol (2)

Mc interface ((G)MSC Server–MGW) : H.248 is adopted, to realize the flexibl

e connection processing for multi call mode, multi media ；

Nc interface (MSC Server–(G)MSC Server) : to realize the inter-office call con

trol. It adopts BICC protocol ；

Nb interface ( Between MGWs ) ： to realize the transfer of control and user i

nformation (voice, data, picture, media) in bearer layer ， and realize the tran

sfer of different media frame format. RTP/UDP/IP and AAL2/ATM protocol is a

dopted.



Section 1 Networking and Interface

Section 2 R4 FeaturesSection 2 R4 Features


Four-layer Architecture

Service Management

Network Control

Core Switching

Edge Access

SoftSwitch

3G AccessAMGIAD

Broadband Access

PSTN

TMGSG

PLMN

Packet Core Network

UMG

UMG

App ServerPolicy ServeriOSS IN

SoftSwitch

MRS

SS RR


Network of CMCC TMSC projectNetwork of CMCC TMSC project

TMSC

TMG/SG

Urumchi

Beijing

Beijing

Tianjing

Shijiazhuang

Taiyuan

Hohehot

Shanghai

Hangzhou

Nanchang

Fuzhou

Shenyang

Changchun

Ha’erbin

Guangzhou1

Nanjing

Kaikou

Xi’an

Lanzhou

Xi’ning

Yinchuan

Wuhan

Changsha

Zhengzhou

Chendu

Chongqing

Guiyang

Kunming

Lhasa

HefeiJi’nan

Xi’an

Guangzhou

Shenyang

Shanghai Wuhan

Chendu

NanjingGuangzhou2Nanjing


Embedded SG － Save transmission link

SCP

SMS-C

GMLC/SMLCHLR/EIR

CAP

MAPMAP

MAP

SS7 network

UTRAN

BSSTDM

MGWMGW

RTP(AAL2)/AMR

IP(ATM)BackBone IP

GSM/R99PLMN

PSTNVMSC Server

RANAP

BSSAP

AAL2

H.248

MAP

BICC GMSC Server

TDM/G.711

TDM/G.711

SG7000


Centralized Service ControlNew ServiceNew Service

Packet SwitchPacket Switch

Server

MGWMGW

MGW MGW MGW MGWMGW

Next Generation Network

Service is not combined with MGW.

Service upgrade only relates to server layer.

Centralized service management, easy to upgrade.

Service is not combined with MGW.

Service upgrade only relates to server layer.

Centralized service management, easy to upgrade.

Traditional Network

Service is combined with MSC.

Most of services need to upgrade all MSCs.

MSCs locates dispersedly, difficult to upgrade.

Service is combined with MSC.

Most of services need to upgrade all MSCs.

MSCs locates dispersedly, difficult to upgrade.


Distributed Architecture － Flexible networking

Traditional network Inter-working mode.

The advantage of distributed networking ： Traffic route is the best, network performance is the best.

Mostly suitable for the operators with wide coverage.

Distributed network inter-working mode.


TFO and TrFO – Improve voice quality The difference of TFO and TrFO ：

TFO set up the coder–free connection by in-band signal, while coder still need t

o work (used for monitor signal of TFO message) .

TrFO set up the coder-free connection by out-band signal, but coder is not need

ed after connection is set up.

The advantage of TFO and TrFO ：

Improve voice quality ：

− Voice coder has damaged compress for voice. It will reduce voice quality w

hen coder is used.

− Can reduce the transmission delay.

Save the power of equipment

− When TrFO is adopted, the coder function is bypassed, thus will save the p

ower of equipment.


Questions

What’s the advantage of embedded SG ?

What’s the advantage of R4 core network ?

What’s the difference between TFO and TrFO ?








Section 1 R5 NetworkingSection 1 R5 Networking

Section 2 SIP Introduction


GSM /GPRS BSS

BTS

BSC

NodeB

RNC

PCU

UTRAN

SCPSMS

SCE

PSTN/PLMN

Internet,Intranet

HLR/AUC/HSS

SGSN

CG BG

GGSN

GPRSbackbone

MGWMGW MGWMGW

VMSC Server GMSC Server

IP/ATM BackboneCS domain

PS domain

Iu-CS

Iu-PS

IP backbone

MRFPMRFP

IMS domain

MGWMGW

P-CSCF S-CSCF

MGCF

MRFC

SS7



R5 Features

3GPP R5 Features:

Inherit all the WCDMA R4 service and functions.

IMS ( IP Multimedia System) is added based on PS, CS of R5 is consistent with th

at of R4.

Iu interface can select IP and ATM. IP based is a trend of networking.

IP QoS is enhanced.

Services are enhanced, such as OSA ， Push Service

R5 realizes ALL IP network put forward by 3GPP.

IP will become the bearing technology for all signaling message and change the o

riginal call flow.


R5 Core Network － IMS (1)

IMS main function entity:

CSCF ： P-CSCF

S-CSCF

I-CSCF

HSS

SLF

BGCF

MGCF/IM MGW

MRFC/MRFP

AS

PDF/PEF

P - CSCF

CSCF MGCF HSS

Cx

IP Multimedia Networks

IMS-MGW

PSTN

Mn

Mb

Mg

Mm

MRFP

Mb

Mr

Mb

Legacy mobile signalling Networks

CSCF

Mw

Mw

Gm

BGCF Mj Mi

BGCF

Mk Mk

C, D, Gc, Gr

UE

Mb

Mb

Mb

MRFC

SLF Dx

Mp

PSTN

PSTN

Gq

UE

Gn Iu-PS

PDF

Go

GGSN SGSN

Gi

UTRAN

MSC Iu-CS

PS

IMS

CS

WLAN or IP-CAN-


R5 Core Network － IMS (2) CSCF ： Call Session Control Function

Is divided into P/S/I three types based on its function and location.

P-CSCF(Proxy CSCF) ： It is the first connection point for subscriber in IMS and provide

Proxy function. It can receive service request and transfer them, but can not modify the

Request URI field in INVITE message; P-CSCF also can provide user agent function (U

A), it can interrupt and independently produce SIP conversion at abnormal case.

S-CSCF(Serving CSCF) ： S-CSCF is the core control of IMS, it is responsible for UE to

register, authenticate and conservation control, realize conservation route function for c

alling and called IMS user. According to subscriber signed IMS triggered rule, it can trigg

er the value added service route to AS and control service negotiation.

I-CSCF(Interrogating CSCF): similar as IMS gateway node, provide node distribution,

route query and IMS Topology Hiding Inter-network function.


R5 Core Network － IMS (3) HSS:The Home Subscriber Server.

HSS stores the IMS subscriber signed information, including basic identity, route

information and service signed info. Centralized database, located at the top of I

MS core network. It stores the following information:

− IMS subscriber identity (including public and private identity), number and a

ddress information.

− IMS subscriber security context: ciphering information for subscriber to acce

ss network for authentication, roaming restrict information.

− IMS subscriber route information: HSS supported route information, registrat

ion information and location information.

− IMS subscriber service signed information: including other AS value added

service data.



Section 1 R5 Networking

Section 2 SIP IntroductionSection 2 SIP Introduction


SIP Development SIP （ Session Initiation Protocol ） :

It is application layer control protocol, used to setup, modify, and terminate multimedia s

ession (including meeting). For example, internet telephone call.

− Originally derived from MBone experiment in 1996.

− In 1999, It was adopted as RFC2543 standard by IETF-MMUSIC work

group.

− In 1999, SIP work group was established independently, later, two work group name

d as SIPPING and SIMPLE was newly set up, which is mainly devoted to SIP.

− In the July of 2002, it is turned to the new standard RFC3261.

− Most of the content was re-written. It is more clear and precise and

some new features were added.

− Most of contents keep the backward compliance with RFC2543.


SIP Features

Based on text code.

Only concern about setup, modify and terminate the conservation. SIP-URL

is uesd to indicate the resources or subscribers needed to be visited.

Flexible extended and powerful negotiation mechanism: Supported, Unsup

ported, Require, ProxyRequire, Allow, Accept...

Simple networking provides the flexibility, reliability and expandability. Relay

equipment (Proxy and Redirecter) need not to care about the message cont

ent, just transfer transparently.


Signaling Media Utility

SDP Media Coding

RTSP SIP RTP DNS DHCP

TCP UDP

IP

PPP

V.90 Ethernet

Application Layer

Transport Layer

Internet Layer

Physical/Link Layer

SIP Protocol Stack


SIP Application in IMS


Questions

What is the difference between R5 and R4?

What’s the network element of IMS?

What’s SIP feature?


Summary

This course mainly introduces the R99, R4,

R5 evolution and each features.

The emphasis is R4 network.

Summary

Thank You

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OWG000001 WCDMA Core Network Overview ISSUE1.3