Overview of XML

8/8/2019 Overview of XML

1/15

Overview of XML

Developed By : Jay A. Vora.

The Extensible Markup Language(XML) has replaced

java, design Patterns and Object Technology as theSoftware Industry s solution to world hunger.


2/15

XML is...

XMLs History And Applications

XML syntax and data model Parsing XML Document..

Validating XML Documents - XML DTDs,Schema


3/15

... an eXtensible Markup Language ... HTMLpresentation tags+your-own-tags ... Technology for describing Structured

Information.

... You need domain-specific standards and codelibraries to use it effectively.

... Moreover, far from making java technologyobsolete, XML Works Very Well withjava.

allows you to express the structure hierarchyand repeated elements without contortions.

... It looks similar to an HTML file.


4/15

Some History

SGML (Standard Generalized Markup Language)

ISO Standard, 1986, for describing the structureof complex documents.

A famous SGML language: HTML!!

Used with success in some industries thatrequires ongoing maintenance of massivedocumentations.

Used in U.S. gvt. & contractors, largemanufacturing companies, technical info.Publishers,...

However , SGML is Quite Complex. So it has nevercaught on a big way. SGML wants to make sure that documents are

formed according to the rules for their documenttype.
http://xml.com/1999/07/dom/xml_dom.gifhttp://xml.com/1999/07/dom/xml_dom.gifhttp://xml.com/1999/07/dom/xml_dom.gifhttp://xml.com/1999/07/dom/xml_dom.gif


5/15

XML (eXtensible Markup Language)W3C (World Wide Web Consortium) --

http://www.w3.org/XML/ recommendation in1998Simple subset (80/20 rule) of SGML: ASCII of

the Web, Semantic Web Canonical XML

normalization, equivalence testing of XMLdocuments

SML (Simple Markup Language)Reduce to the max:No Attributes / No

Processing Instructions (PI) / No DTD / Nonon-character entity-references / No CDATAmarked sections / Support for only UTF-8character encoding / No optional features
http://www.sgmlopen.org/http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xmlhttp://www.canoe.com/SlamWrestlingVentura/venturap1.htmlhttp://www.canoe.com/SlamWrestlingVentura/venturap1.htmlhttp://www.w3.org/XML/http://www.w3.org/TR/xml-c14nhttp://www.w3.org/TR/xml-c14nhttp://www.w3.org/XML/http://www.canoe.com/SlamWrestlingVentura/venturap1.htmlhttp://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xmlhttp://www.sgmlopen.org/


6/15


7/15

http://www.oasis-open.org/cover/xml.html#applications

Advertising: adXML place an ad onto an ad network or

to a single vendorLiterature: Gutenberg convert the worlds greatliterature into XMLDirectories: dirXML Novells Directory ServicesMarkup Language (DSML)Web Servers: apacheXML parsers, XSL, web publishingTravel: openTravel information for airlines, hotels, andcar rental placesNews: NewsML creation, transfer and delivery of newsHuman Resources:XML-HR standardization ofHR/electronic recruiting XML definitions

International Dvt: IDML improve the mgt. andexchange of info. for sustainable developmentWireless: WAP (Wireless Application Protocol) wirelessdevices on the World Wide WebBanking: MBA Mortgage Bankers Association of

America --> credit report, loan file, underwriting

Healthcare: HL7 DTDs for prescriptions, policies &procedures, clinical trials

XML Applications & Industry Initiatives
http://www.adxml.org/downloads/net.xmlhttp://www.hwg.org/opcenter/gutenberg/checkdoc1.htmlhttp://www.novell.com/products/nds/dirxml/dirxmlpres/slide011.htmlhttp://www.dsml.org/http://xml.apache.org/http://www.opentravel.com/http://www.iptc.org/newsml.htmhttp://www.xml-hr.org/http://www.bellanet.org/xml/http://www.wapforum.org/http://www.mbaxml.org/http://www.hl7.org/Special/committees/sgml/sgml.htm#Documentshttp://www.hl7.org/Special/committees/sgml/sgml.htm#Documentshttp://www.mbaxml.org/http://www.wapforum.org/http://www.bellanet.org/xml/http://www.xml-hr.org/http://www.iptc.org/newsml.htmhttp://www.opentravel.com/http://xml.apache.org/http://www.dsml.org/http://www.novell.com/products/nds/dirxml/dirxmlpres/slide011.htmlhttp://www.hwg.org/opcenter/gutenberg/checkdoc1.htmlhttp://www.adxml.org/downloads/net.xml


8/15

XML Vs. HTML

Unlike HTML, XML is case-sensitive. For Example; and are different in XML tags.

In HTML, you can omit end tags such as
or tags if its clear from the context where paragraph of
list item ends. In XML, you can never omit an end tag. In XML, elements that have single tag without a

matching end tag must in a /, as in .

In XML, attribute values must be enclosed in quotation

marks. In HTML, quotation are optional. In HTML, you can have attribute names without values.

Such as .In XML, such as checked=true or

checked=checked


9/15

The Structure of an XML Document.:An XML document should start with a header such

as, Or A Header is optional, but its highly recommended.--------- The header can be followed by a Document Type

Definition(DTD), Such as.DTDs are an important mechanism to ensure the

correctness of a document, but they are notrequired.


10/15


11/15

XMLTuto

rial,Bertram

Lud

scher

11

Elements and their Content:

element type element

emptyelement

Y.PapakonstantinouS. AbiteboulH. Garcia-Molina

Object Fusion in Mediator Systems

VLDB 96

element conte


12/15

Parsing an XML Document:The java library supplies two kinds of XML parsers:

Tree parser such as Document Object Model(DOM). Streaming parsers such as the Simple API for

XML(SAX) parser that generate events as they readan XML Document.

========The DOM parser is easy to use for most purpose. You

would consider a streaming parser if you processvery long documents whose tree structure would

up a lot of memory.The DOM parser interface is standardized by the

World Wide Web(W3C).


13/15

A Simple DOM Tree:

Document

Element< font>

Text:whitespace

Element< name >

Text:whitespace

Element< size>

Text:Arial

Text:25

Text:whitespace


14/15

Validating XML Documents: One of the major benefits of an XML parser is that

it can automatically verify that a document has the

correct structure. To specify document structure , you can supply a

DTD or an XML Schema definition. A DTD orSchema contains rules that how a documentshould formed.

XML Doc ume nt Type Definitio ns (DTDs):define the structure of "allowed"documents (i.e., valid wrt. a

DTD) database schema

= > impro ve que ry formulatio n, e xe c utio n, ... XML Schema

defines structure and data types

allows developers to build their own libraries


15/15

.hank You.hank You