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7/29/2019 Overview of the Internet and the World Wide Web
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Overview of theInternet and the
World Wide WebCS 32.1
Web Programming
JCObispo
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Terminologies
Network any collection of computers that can
communicate with each other
Protocol a system of digital message formats
and rules for exchanging those messages in or
between computing systems and in
telecommunications
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The Internet
The worldwide network of all computers (or
networks of networks) that communicate using
a particular protocol for routing data from onecomputer to another
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ARPA
Advanced Research Project Agency of the US
Department of Defense
Sponsored a conference which many ARPA-
funded graduate students were brought
together
ARPA rolled out blueprints for networking the
main computer systems of ARPA-fundeduniversities and research institutions
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ARPA
Computers were connected with
communication lines with speed of 56 Kbps
Connection was then over telephone lines at
110 bits per second
Talked about communicating with UNIVAC 1108
at the University of Utah for calculations
relating to their research on computer graphics
Implemented it and called it ARPAnet
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ARPAnet
Enabled researches to communicate easily via
electronic mail (e-mail)
Network was designed without centralized
control
If one portion fails, there are still other available
paths
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TCP
Transmission Control Protocol
Set of rules for communicating over ARPAnet
Ensures that messages were properly routed
from sender to receiver
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IP
Internet Protocol
True Network of networks
Variety of software and hardware appeared
Assure that these variety of products will
communicate with each other
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TCP/IP
Combination of TCP and IP
Current architecture of the internet
Enables computers to talk to each other
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TCP/IP
Inclusions:
HTTP Hypertext Transfer Protocol
Defines how websites are formatted andtransmitted through the network
FTP File Transfer Protocol
Protocol for exchanging (uploading anddownloading) files over a network
Telnet Terminal Emulator Allows a user to control a web server from a remote
location
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Internet Use
Originally limited to universities and research
institutions
Military adopted the technology
Later, the government allowed for commercial
purposes
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Internet Use
Resentment of the research and military
communities Net will be saturated with many
users Opposite occurred
Different businesses enhanced and developed the
Internet presence
Generated fierce competition amongcommunication carriers and hardware and software
suppliers to meet increased infrastructure demand
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Bandwidth
Bandwidth increased while hardware costs
plummeted
Bandwidth information-carrying capacity of
communication lines
Internet helped in the economic growth of
many industrialized countries, especially US
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WWW
World Wide Web
Allows computers to locate and view multimedia-
based documents Texts, graphics, animations, audios or videos
Introduced by Tim Berners-Lee of CERN in 1989
Invented the Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)
based on the Standard Generalized MarkupLanguage a standard for business data interchange
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WWW
A complex, international, cross platform, cross
language, cross cultural mesh of servers, clients,
users, databases, and quite a few artificialintelligences all talking, working, searching,
viewing, accessing, downloading
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W3C
World Wide Web Consortium (www.w3.org)
Founded by Tim Berners-Lee in 1994
Devoted in developing nonproprietary,
interoperable technologies for the web
Main goal is to make the web universally
accessible
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W3C
Has representatives from Apple, Microsoft,
Adobe, Sun, Google, Oracle, IBM, and many
more.
Produced may popular technologies used by
many popular software companies including
HTML, XML, Web Service Protocol, PNG, etc.
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Viewing a Webpage
Suppose you want to view www.xu.edu.ph
A server contains all the files of the XU website
The browser will look for a file named
index.html
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http://www.xu.edu.ph/http://www.xu.edu.ph/7/29/2019 Overview of the Internet and the World Wide Web
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Viewing a Webpage
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CLIENT SERVER
(1) Browser connects
to a server and requests
a page
(4) Computer
running a web
browser accessing
a website displays
the webpage
(2) Server
processes the
request
(3) Server sends back
the requested page
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Viewing a Webpage
HTML content
CSS style
JavaScript behavior
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Client-side Programming VS
Server-side Programming
Client-side programming is executed by the
client computer
JavaScript and VBScript
Server-side Programming is executed by the
server computer
Server processes the request, transforms the
output into HTML code and sends it back to theclient
PHP, ASP, ColdFusion
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Communicating over the Internet
Computers and servers have IP addresses
32-bit number usually expressed as an octet
Example: the IP ofwww.xu.edu.ph is
203.177.182.16.
To access the XU website, you look for
http:// 203.177.182.16
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Communicating over the Internet
However, it is difficult to remember IP
addresses
In solution, websites have domain names which
are readable counterparts of IP addresses
Domain Name Servers (DNS) translate domain
names into IP addresses
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Domain Names
For example:
www.xu.edu.ph
www host name
xu domain name
edu top-level domain name
ph country
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Evolution of the Web Technology
Web 1.0
First generation web
WYSIWYG
Composed of static pages
One-way broadcasting only owner of the site
can publish information
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Evolution of the Web Technology
Web 2.0
Second generation web
Interactive and dynamic Web
People can collaborate and share information
online
Refers to the transition from static HTML to
dynamic HTML
Also regarded as social web
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Web 2.0 Applications and Solutions
W3C updated HTML to XHTML 2.0
Contributing vendors did not warmly accept the
standard Subsequent standard was introduced called
HTML5 by the Web Hypertext ApplicationTechnology Working Group
XHTML died in the vine and major technologycompanies pledge to support HTML5, some areusing it already
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Web 2.0 Applications and Solutions
All web browsers adopted the HTML4 standard
Microsoft was the weakest company in
supporting Web HTML standards Until the release of Internet Explorer 8
New web browsers (Safari, Opera, Chrome,Firefox) and new web-enabled devices (iPhone,Android, Pre, Blackberry) agrees that HTML5 isthe next standard, and they are alreadysupporting it
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Evolution of the Web Technology
Web 3.0
Future Web Technology intelligent web
Semantic Web, personalization, intelligent
search and behavioral advertising
Initiative was inspired by Berners-Lee of a more
flexible, integrated, automatic and self-adapting
web, providing a richer and more interactive
experience for users
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The Semantic Web
The Semantic Web will bring structure to the
meaningful content of Web pages, creating an
environment where software agents roamingfrom page to page can readily carry out
sophisticated tasks for users. Tim Berners-Lee
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Semantic Web Stack
This figure
illustrates the
architecture ofthe Semantic
Web
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The Semantic Web Components
URI identifiers
UNICODE character set
XML syntax
RDF data interchange
RDFS taxonomies
SPARQL query language
OWL ontologies
RIF rules
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Web 3.0 State of Standardization
Standardized:
UNICODE
URI
XML
RDF and RDFS
SPARQL
OWL
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Ongoing:
RIF
Not yet Realized:
Unifying Logic
Proof
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Review Questions
What is the difference between the INTERNET
and the WORLD WIDE WEB?
Compare the three versions of the webtechnology (Web 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0)
How does your web browser access a website?
How would you respond if someone asks you
where in the world is the central computer
where the internet is stored?
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Reflection
Do you agree that the internet and the World
Wide Web are listed as one of the most
important and profound creations ofhumankind?
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