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Overview of the Handbook for the Design of Modular Structures Anthony Sertorio, Engineering Manager Multiplex Engineering Innovations Group
TECHNICAL HANDBOOK COUNCIL 2016
Modular Construction Codes Board Context
• Introduction • The Handbook • Research & Testing • Case Studies
- SPEC Modular Building System - EEPT - Perth Stadium
• Our Mission
© Council on Tall Buildings
and Urban Habitat
© Council on Tall Buildings
and Urban Habitat
Supply Chain Partners (Tier 2)
Supporting Partners (Tier 3)
Principal Partners (Tier 1)
© Council on Tall Buildings
and Urban Habitat
TECHNICAL HANDBOOK COUNCIL 2016
Modular Construction Codes Board Context
• Introduction • The Handbook • Research & Testing • Case Studies
- SPEC Modular Building System - EEPT - Perth Stadium
• Our Mission
© Council on Tall Buildings
and Urban Habitat
TECHNICAL HANDBOOK COUNCIL 2016
The Handbook for the Design of Modular Structures The Need for a Handbook
Modular Construction – Lack of design standards – Viewed as an adverse risk by financial institutions & developers
The Model Code will – Formalise guidelines for good practice – Improve safety and design practice – Reduce risk for investors – Allow better quality control – Improve outcome for all stakeholders – Promote communication
© Council on Tall Buildings
and Urban Habitat
TECHNICAL HANDBOOK COUNCIL 2016
The Handbook for the Design of Modular Structures Considerations
- Transportation & temporary state – Road – Rail – Ship
- Robustness of structure - Progressive collapse - Differential axial shortening - Reliability analysis - Design by testing - Services (Light on)
© Council on Tall Buildings
and Urban Habitat
TECHNICAL HANDBOOK COUNCIL 2016
Modular Construction Codes Board Context
• Introduction • The Handbook • Research & Testing • Case Studies
- SPEC Modular Building System - EEPT - Perth Stadium
• Our Mission
© Council on Tall Buildings
and Urban Habitat
TECHNICAL HANDBOOK COUNCIL 2016
Research & Testing Durability
- Degradation of products by: – Corrosion – Fatigue – UV – Built environment
- Fatigue testing - Manufacturer’s specification - Need for appropriate maintenance regime © Council on Tall B
uildings
and Urban Habitat
TECHNICAL HANDBOOK COUNCIL 2016
Research & Testing Transportation and On-Site Handling
- General guidelines for storage - Transportation considerations - Consideration for lifting and connection on-site - Inspections
© Council on Tall Buildings
and Urban Habitat
TECHNICAL HANDBOOK COUNCIL 2016
Research & Testing Other Considerations
- Simplified guidance for low-rise residential buildings - Disassembly and Recyclability
– Demolition/Recycling (part/whole of modular structures
- Relocatable Modular Structures – Demolition/Recycling
© Council on Tall Buildings
and Urban Habitat
TECHNICAL HANDBOOK COUNCIL 2016
Research & Testing Monash University PhD Project #01
© Council on Tall Buildings
and Urban Habitat
TECHNICAL HANDBOOK COUNCIL 2016
Research & Testing Comparison of Live Experiments and FEA – Monash University PhD Project #02
© Council on Tall Buildings
and Urban Habitat
TECHNICAL HANDBOOK COUNCIL 2016
Research & Testing Comparison of Live Experiments and FEA – Monash University PhD Project #02
Yielded
Weld fracture
© Council on Tall Buildings
and Urban Habitat
TECHNICAL HANDBOOK COUNCIL 2016
Research & Testing Progressive Collapse
Codified Provisions for Progressive Collapse - Australian Standards give limited guidance - US codes are better - Eurocodes are best - Damage can be
Accidental or Malicious
- Model Code Considers progressive collapse in detail Is adopting World’s Best Practice
Source: Ronan Points, London, UK (Griffiths et al. 1968)
© Council on Tall Buildings
and Urban Habitat
TECHNICAL HANDBOOK COUNCIL 2016
Research & Testing Progressive Collapse - Monash University PhD Project #03
- Column size = 300 x 200 x 6 - No collapse
- Column size = 200 x 100 x 6 - Progressive collapse!
© Council on Tall Buildings
and Urban Habitat
TECHNICAL HANDBOOK COUNCIL 2016
Modular Construction Codes Board Context
• Introduction • The Handbook • Research & Testing • Case Studies
- SPEC Modular Building System - EEPT - Perth Stadium
• Our Mission
© Council on Tall Buildings
and Urban Habitat
MULTIPLEX ENGINEERING INNOVATIONS GROUP
What is DfMA Introduction
Design for Manufacture & Assembly (DfMA) is a Design Process - Product is DESIGNED for ease of MANUFACTURE
© Council on Tall Buildings
and Urban Habitat
MULTIPLEX ENGINEERING INNOVATIONS GROUP
What is DfMA Introduction
Design for Manufacture & Assembly (DfMA) is a Design Process - Product is DESIGNED for ease of MANUFACTURE
© Council on Tall Buildings
and Urban Habitat
MULTIPLEX ENGINEERING INNOVATIONS GROUP
What is DfMA Introduction
Design for Manufacture & Assembly (DfMA) is a Design Process - Product is DESIGNED for ease of MANUFACTURE
© Council on Tall Buildings
and Urban Habitat
TECHNICAL HANDBOOK COUNCIL 2016
Modular Construction Codes Board Context
• Introduction • The Handbook • Research & Testing • Case Studies
- SPEC Modular Building System - EEPT - Perth Stadium
• Our Mission
© Council on Tall Buildings
and Urban Habitat
MULTIPLEX ENGINEERING INNOVATIONS GROUP
Elliptical Energy Pathway Theorem Introduction
An inverted pendulum is an inherently unstable system with a centre of mass above its pivot point.
© Council on Tall Buildings
and Urban Habitat
MULTIPLEX ENGINEERING INNOVATIONS GROUP
Elliptical Energy Pathway Theorem As the Human Body
The human body is an example of an inverted pendulum, e.g. walking is just the act of repeatedly catching a falling inverted pendulum.
© Council on Tall Buildings
and Urban Habitat
MULTIPLEX ENGINEERING INNOVATIONS GROUP
Elliptical Energy Pathway Theorem As a Control Problem
It is a classic problem of control theory to balance an inverted pendulum above a movable cart.
EEPT
© Council on Tall Buildings
and Urban Habitat
MULTIPLEX ENGINEERING INNOVATIONS GROUP
Elliptical Energy Pathway Theorem As a Control Problem
It is a classic problem of control theory to balance an inverted pendulum above a movable cart.
© Council on Tall Buildings
and Urban Habitat
MULTIPLEX ENGINEERING INNOVATIONS GROUP
EEPT
Elliptical Energy Pathway Theorem And a Restoring Force
Consider an inverted pendulum attached to a flex joint which acts as a spring to try to keep the pendulum upright.
© Council on Tall Buildings
and Urban Habitat
MULTIPLEX ENGINEERING INNOVATIONS GROUP
EEPT
Elliptical Energy Pathway Theorem As a Harmonic Oscillator
© Council on Tall Buildings
and Urban Habitat
MULTIPLEX ENGINEERING INNOVATIONS GROUP
Elliptical Energy Pathway Theorem As a Harmonic Oscillator
© Council on Tall Buildings
and Urban Habitat
MULTIPLEX ENGINEERING INNOVATIONS GROUP
Elliptical Energy Pathway Theorem In a Stiff System
This is a crude model for stiff structure anchored into the ground when actuated by e.g. wind or earthquakes.
EEPT
© Council on Tall Buildings
and Urban Habitat
MULTIPLEX ENGINEERING INNOVATIONS GROUP
Elliptical Energy Pathway Theorem In Nature
Nature does not build stiff structures like this! Nature has learned to not compete with actuating forces, but rather to cooperate with them.
EEPT
© Council on Tall Buildings
and Urban Habitat
MULTIPLEX ENGINEERING INNOVATIONS GROUP
Elliptical Energy Pathway Theorem Let’s Challenge Paradigms
Rather than using mass to compete against actuations in our buildings, why don’t we try to cooperate with them?
EEPT
© Council on Tall Buildings
and Urban Habitat
MULTIPLEX ENGINEERING INNOVATIONS GROUP
Elliptical Energy Pathway Theorem Inverted Double Pendulum
Consider now an inverted double pendulum with flex joints.
EEPT
© Council on Tall Buildings
and Urban Habitat
MULTIPLEX ENGINEERING INNOVATIONS GROUP
Elliptical Energy Pathway Theorem The Mathematics
EEPT
© Council on Tall Buildings
and Urban Habitat
MULTIPLEX ENGINEERING INNOVATIONS GROUP
EEPT
Elliptical Energy Pathway Theorem Double Inverted Pendulum
An inverted double pendulum distributes energy throughout the structure when actuated.
(Note: no damping is included in these simulations).
© Council on Tall Buildings
and Urban Habitat
MULTIPLEX ENGINEERING INNOVATIONS GROUP
EEPT
Elliptical Energy Pathway Theorem Inverted N-Pendulum
Similarly, an inverted N-pendulum distributes, even conducts, energy throughout the structure when actuated.
© Council on Tall Buildings
and Urban Habitat
MULTIPLEX ENGINEERING INNOVATIONS GROUP
Elliptical Energy Pathway Theorem Energy Pathway in Australia 108
EEPT
© Council on Tall Buildings
and Urban Habitat
TECHNICAL HANDBOOK COUNCIL 2016
Modular Construction Codes Board Context
• Introduction • The Handbook • Research & Testing • Case Studies
- SPEC Modular Building System - EEPT - Perth Stadium
• Our Mission
© Council on Tall Buildings
and Urban Habitat
MULTIPLEX ENGINEERING INNOVATIONS GROUP
Perth Stadium Design Brief
Multiplex engaged its own internal engineering innovations group in an effort to bring some economic benefits to the new Perth Stadium roof structure.
© Council on Tall Buildings
and Urban Habitat
MULTIPLEX ENGINEERING INNOVATIONS GROUP
Perth Stadium Design Brief
The brief outlined to our group, was to simplify the design and make it safer and easier to build.
© Council on Tall Buildings
and Urban Habitat
MULTIPLEX ENGINEERING INNOVATIONS GROUP
Perth Stadium Connection Dimension Overview
© Council on Tall Buildings
and Urban Habitat
MULTIPLEX ENGINEERING INNOVATIONS GROUP
Perth Stadium Connection Dimension Overview
© Council on Tall Buildings
and Urban Habitat
MULTIPLEX ENGINEERING INNOVATIONS GROUP
Perth Stadium Structural Elements Breakdown
Truss Support
Pin Fastener
Fork Plate
M36 Threaded Fastener Tapped Plate/Captive Nut
Fin Locators
Hinge Pin © Council on Tall B
uildings
and Urban Habitat
MULTIPLEX ENGINEERING INNOVATIONS GROUP
Perth Stadium Forestay Column with Fork Top
© Council on Tall Buildings
and Urban Habitat
MULTIPLEX ENGINEERING INNOVATIONS GROUP
Perth Stadium Truss Support Member Install
© Council on Tall Buildings
and Urban Habitat
MULTIPLEX ENGINEERING INNOVATIONS GROUP
Perth Stadium Connection Pin Insertion
© Council on Tall Buildings
and Urban Habitat
MULTIPLEX ENGINEERING INNOVATIONS GROUP
Perth Stadium Connection Pin Insertion
Pin fastener plates fastened with M36 threaded rod
© Council on Tall Buildings
and Urban Habitat
MULTIPLEX ENGINEERING INNOVATIONS GROUP
Perth Stadium Final Connection Design & Validation
© Council on Tall Buildings
and Urban Habitat
MULTIPLEX ENGINEERING INNOVATIONS GROUP
Perth Stadium Final Connection Design & Validation
• Strut in compression (1600kN)
• Preliminary elastic modelling only shows minor local stress concentrations
• Stress concentrations will reduce using non-linear inelastic analysis
© Council on Tall Buildings
and Urban Habitat
MULTIPLEX ENGINEERING INNOVATIONS GROUP
Perth Stadium Fabrication & Erection
© Council on Tall Buildings
and Urban Habitat
MULTIPLEX ENGINEERING INNOVATIONS GROUP
Perth Stadium Fabrication & Erection
© Council on Tall Buildings
and Urban Habitat
MULTIPLEX ENGINEERING INNOVATIONS GROUP
Perth Stadium Project Outcome
© Council on Tall Buildings
and Urban Habitat
TECHNICAL HANDBOOK COUNCIL 2016
Modular Construction Codes Board Context
• Introduction • The Handbook • Research & Testing • Case Studies
- SPEC Modular Building System - EEPT - Perth Stadium
• Our Mission
© Council on Tall Buildings
and Urban Habitat
TECHNICAL HANDBOOK COUNCIL 2016
Modular Construction Codes Board Context
The Handbook aims to be: - Best code of practice in the world - Different (revolutionary) - Less Intimidating - Interactive
– Easy to read – Easy to use
© Council on Tall B
uildings
and Urban Habitat
Thank You © Council on Tall Buildings
and Urban Habitat