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8/11/2019 Overview & Need for HTLS Conductor
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Overview & Need of HTLS Conductors forTransmission Network
Overview & Need of HTLS Conductors forTransmission Network
BY:Mata PrasadFNAE
8/11/2019 Overview & Need for HTLS Conductor
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Role of Electricity
Electricity - A vital Part of daily life
Electricity taken for granted
Complete darkness without
Electricity in life.
No Electricity Life comes to a
Standstill.
1/23/20142
8/11/2019 Overview & Need for HTLS Conductor
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Constraints in the Indian Power Sector
1/23/20143
Cateringto present
loaddemand
Reliabilityof Existing
Lines
ROW
Economics
Erection ofNew Lines
Loading ofExisting
lines
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Solutions to the Constraints of IndianPower Sector
1/23/20144
Re-Tensioning of Old Lines
Re-Conductoring of lines with high loadability limitsover existing Towers
Intelligent Solutions for Optimal use of Existing ROW
Use of High Ampacity, Low sag Conductors HTLSTechnology
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Need of HTLS Conductors
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Overloading of Power Network lead to the evolution of new high
Ampacity conductors
Conductor manufacturing companies in Canada, Japan, Europe & USA
explored the invention of high ampacity conductors
Introduction of High Temperature Low-Loss & Sag Conductors in 1970-
75 at Japan
Application of HTLS conductors :Re-Tensioning Lines with increased Sag due to Cyclic Loading
Re-Conductoring - Same Voltage level & Tower Profile
Green Field Projects Increased Loadability
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HTLS Conductors Group
1/23/20146
HTLS
Gap TypeConductors
Invar TypeConductors
CompositeCarbon Coreconductors
ACSS/TW
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ACSS Type Conductors
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Construction:- Core made up of Galfan Coated Steel wire/Al. Clad Steel wire/- Outer Layer Comprises of 1350 Annealed Aluminium Wires
Features:- Suitable for re-conductoring & new line solutions- Ampacity of the line gets enhanced- No Modifications or extension of tower required- Low Co-efficient of Thermal Expansion- Operating Temperatures up to 250 Deg C- High strength steel core carries load, hence Low Sag- Increased Conductivity 63% (IACS)- Low losses- Better Self Damping Characteristics
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Gap Type Conductors
1/23/20148
Construction:- Core made up of Galfan Steel or high Strength Galvanized Steel- Outer layer formed of concentric layers of Super Thermal Resistant
Trapezoidal Aluminium Alloy Strands- Gap filled with Grease
Features:- Low Co-efficient of Thermal Expansion- Operating Temperatures up to 200 Deg C- Conductor strung by tensioning steel core, Hence low sag
- Line capacity can be increased by 50% to 100%- Excellent Solution for reconductoring
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INVAR Type Conductors
1/23/20149
Construction:- Core made up of Iron (36% Ni in steel) Nickel alloy- Outer layer formed of concentric layers of aluminium Strands of
thermal resistant aluminium alloy (with Zirconium)
Features:- Most preferred for re-conductoring solutions- Ampacity of the line gets enhanced
- No Modifications or extension of tower required- Low Co-efficient of Thermal Expansion- Operating Temperatures up to 200-230 Deg C- Low sag compared to conventional ACSR
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Carbon Composite Conductors
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Construction:- Core made of High Strength glass fiber & Composite carbon- Outer layer formed of trapezoidal shaped aluminium strands
Features:- High Ampacity low loss Hybrid Conductors- Resistant to environment degradation- Reduce line losses up to 40%- 28% more quantum of aluminium- 25% stronger & 60% lighter steel core, hence
fewer or lower towers- Operation temperature up to 180 Deg C- Less Coefficient of Thermal Expansion- Hence Low sag at high temperatures- Best suitable for re-conductoring & New line applications
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High strength toweight ratio
Reduced Sag
Lowest coefficient ofthermal expansion
Improved Self-Dampingcharacteristics
Resistant to AeolianVibration
Lowest possibleelectrical resistance
Greater conductivity
Rated Max. Cont.Operating Temp.
1800C
Reduced LineLosses
Lower OverallLifecycle Costs
Increased ElectricalCapacity
Decreased StructuralCost
23 January 2014 11
Composite CarbonCore Conductor
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23 January 201412
Comparison Between Temperature & Sag
Composite Carbon Core Conductor ExceptionalHigh Temperature, Low Sag Capability
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23 January 201413
Lower I 2R Power Losses
Composite Carbon Core Conductor hasLowest I 2R Power LossesComposite Carbon Core Conductor greateraluminum content enables higherconductivity and lower resistance properties,lowering I 2R power losses.
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Concept of Uprating of Existing Lines
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Alternatives considered for increasing the Ampacity of Old lines:Re-tensioning of old lines with certain limitationsReplacing Old Conductor by HTLSAdding new circuit with conventional conductors of higher sizes or withHTLSAdding higher Capacity Conductor depending upon the strength of towers
Optimum solution for uprating depends upon :Cost EconomicsEase of stringing in hot line or live line conditionsIn case of D/C line, reconductoring could be done with shut down of onecircuit & the second circuit continues to supply the load
The main purpose of HTLS Conductors is to enhance & improve thethermal rating of a transmission line & at the same time ensure thestability being kept within limits.
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Advantages of Uprating/Reconductoring withHTLS Conductors
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Increased loadability such that the lines will no longer be thermallylimited.Proper Correction through effective reactive compensation to avoiddepressed voltage dip.Even though the loadability of line be increased by two times, theprobability of load throw-off from the line due to outage or anyreason, would require the remaining transmission lines in the
network to withstand the loss of the line with HTLS Conductors.N-1 & N-2 Contingencies are comfortably met with the use of HTLSConductors when the adjacent lines are out.
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Twin Bundle Conventional Conductor v/s
Single HTLS ConductorComparison Sheet of Moose ACSR v/s HTLSequivalent Moose Options
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Role of Reactive Power Support for
Uprating Projects
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Reactive Power Consumption would increase to four times inHTLS line of more than 200 Km.Cost of Provision of additional Reactive Power must beevaluated while adopting HTLS conductors.For longer lines more than 300 kms, unswitched shunt reactorsare applied which brings own the SIL limit of the line to about70 %.SIL PPT Slides.
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Graphical Representation of Resistance,Reactance and Impedance of conventional ACSR
Moose Conductor and other HTLS option
0
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.1
0.12
0.14
0.16
0.18
0.2
ACSR TACSR ACSS/TW Invar Type Gap Type Composite Core Type
Resistance, R Reactance, XL-XC Impedance,Z Impedance,Z (Represented through line)
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Presence of HTLS Culture in India
Strengthening of Transmission systemwith 220 kV line with INVAR ConductorPGCIL, Gurgaon
132 kV Pirana ISRO Sabarmati Lineat Ahmedabad with Gap ConductorTorrent Power
Multi Circuit Portion of 400 kV Gaya Maithon / Koderma - Gaya LinePGCIL
Reconductoring 37 kms of 132 kV linewith ACCC CasablancaOPTCL, Bhubaneswar, Odisha
132 kV Vinzol Pirana Line with ACCCConductorTorrent Power
23 January 201419
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Coordination of HTLS Lines whenconnected to Substations
Large , Bulky & heavy H/W of HTLSIf 220 kV bus bars are rated for say 1600 amperesthen the placement of transformer bays vis-a- vis theline bays alternately dispersed could decide as tohow much power can be allowed to flow over thebus bars depending upon the diversity.
This could be quite crucial as switchgear equipmentare normally rated for normal current of 1600 Ampsand short circuit rating of 40 KA for new substationswhile bus bars should be much higher with at least25% margin.
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Potential Projects for Uprating
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Short Overloaded inter-state, inter/intra regional linesRing Mains around Metropolitan CitiesConversion of Quad Bundle AC Lines to Twin Bundle Lines with HTLSUprating of 132 kV & 220 kV Grid radial & Grid Connected lines toincrease Ampacity so as to meet the growing demandUsing Bundled HTLS Conductors on HVDC Lines can be moreeconomical due to reduced lossesOptimizing the diameter & cross section of HTLS Conductors with aview to optimize the Voltage Gradient & to access the coronaStudies of Life Cycle Costs & Cost Benefit Analysis for HTLS Pay Backperiod of 10 years shall be considered attractive400 kV & 220 kV Lines commissioned before 1980 by State & CentralSector need to be examined for switching over to HTLSInnumerable Lines under Private Sector which could be the potentialcandidates for HTLS
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Acknowledgement The paper has drawn information from publishedliterature, technical deliberations with the experts inIEEE, IEE, EPRI, CTC, J-Power and many other foreignresources and above all from APAR , Sterlite , Torrent, TataPower, PGCIL and persuasion as also support from Mr.Chaitanya Desai of APAR are acknowledged withgratitude.The encouragement and support from Mr. Rajesh Jain, Shailesh Jain and Mr. Deepak Khandelwal has beenvery timely and effective.
The paper has drawn information from publishedliterature, technical deliberations with the experts inIEEE, IEE, EPRI, CTC, J-Power and many other foreignresources and above all from APAR , Sterlite , Torrent, TataPower, PGCIL and persuasion as also support from Mr.Chaitanya Desai of APAR are acknowledged withgratitude.The encouragement and support from Mr. Rajesh Jain, Shailesh Jain and Mr. Deepak Khandelwal has beenvery timely and effective.
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Conclusion
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Uprating & increasing the Ampacities of the lines in the existing ROW must be taken up.
It is proposed to create a High Power Working Group Consisting of CEA Members, Central & State Utilities, Members from PrivateSector, Consultants and professionals from IITs to study the technical feasibilities of projects including the life cycle costs and cost benefitanalysis & also to identify the probable Potential Projects of Uprating the Ampacities & frame the time schedule.
Uprating & increasing the Ampacities of the lines in the existing ROW must be taken up.
It is proposed to create a High Power Working Group Consisting of CEA Members, Central & State Utilities, Members from PrivateSector, Consultants and professionals from IITs to study the technical feasibilities of projects including the life cycle costs and cost benefitanalysis & also to identify the probable Potential Projects of Uprating the Ampacities & frame the time schedule.
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1/23/201424
Thank YouThank You