Overview and Emerging Issues & Overview and Emerging Issues & Challenges in the Agriculture SectorChallenges in the Agriculture Sector

CLL GowdaDirector, Grain

Legumes ProgramICRISAT

HyderabadIndia

Global Challenges and Food Global Challenges and Food Security Security

A rising perfect stormA rising perfect storm

Feeding the worldFeeding the world World’s population set to hit 9 billion by World’s population set to hit 9 billion by

2050 2050 Close to 1 billion in the world today are Close to 1 billion in the world today are

hungryhungry Food production should increase by 70-Food production should increase by 70-

100%100% Agriculture productivity is declining in Agriculture productivity is declining in

many countriesmany countries Decreasing global food stocks in last 5 Decreasing global food stocks in last 5

yearsyears

Next GR from less endowed/dryland areas Partnerships with purpose: A strong

convergence strategy that brings together civil society, private and public sectors

More investment in agriculture R&D activities

Stronger agricultural institutions Effective extension services, cooperatives Information and communication technology

infrastructure

How to bring aboutHow to bring about a second green revolution a second green revolution

Untapped potential ofUntapped potential ofrainfed farmingrainfed farming

• Current farmers’ yields are 2 to 5 times lower than yields achievable by soil, water, nutrient & genotype management

0

2

4

6

8

1976 1979 1982 1985 1988 1991 1994 1997 2000 2003 2006 2009

Year

Yie

ld (

t h

a-1)

BW1

BW4C

Rate of growth

82 kg ha-1 y-1

Rate of growth

23 kg ha-1 y-1

Carrying Capacity

21 persons ha-1

Carrying Capacity

4.6 persons ha-1

Enhance water-use efficiency to provide opportunities for reducing poverty

In-situ water conservation, zero and minimum tillage, mulch farming, structural measures such as micro-irrigation systems

Improve water policy measures, capacity building and knowledge sharing

Improved water-use Improved water-use efficiencyefficiency

INM can raise yields inINM can raise yields infarmers fieldsfarmers fields

Grain yield gains (%) due to integrated nutrient management compared to farmers’ management in

farmers’ field, Karnataka watersheds, 2008

Crop

No. of farmers’

fields

Mean grain yield (kg ha-1)

Yield gain (%)FM INM

Ragi 1117 1684 2647 57Groundnut

925 946 1420 50

Maize 281 4404 6132 39Soybean 124 1309 1633 25

Effects of climatic Effects of climatic change change

on agricultureon agriculture Frequent natural

disasters -- flood and extreme weathers

Persistent droughts Hotter temperature Current sea level rise Higher pest and disease

incidence Changes in cropping

patterns

Climate change impactsClimate change impacts in the SAT in the SAT

• Yield Gap 1 can be mitigated through improved crop and NRM management

• Yield Gap 2 can be mitigated through variety adaptation to climate change

Shift in chickpea productionShift in chickpea productionarea in Indiaarea in India

Large shift in chickpea area from northern India to Southern India

Lessons learnt fromLessons learnt fromsuccess storiessuccess stories

Chickpea revolution in Andhra Pradesh

During the past 10 years • 4-fold increase in area• 2.4-fold increase in yield• 9-fold increase in production• Over 80% area under

improved cultivars

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

1999-00

2000-01

2001-02

2002-03

2003-04

2004-05

2005-06

2006-07

2007-08

2008-09

Area

(000

ha)/P

rodu

ction

(000

t)

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

Yield

(kg/h

a)

Area

Production

Yield

Trends in chickpea area and production

Our vision… a prosperous, food secure and resilient dryland tropics

Our mission… to reduce poverty, hunger, malnutrition and environmental degradation in the dryland tropics

To halve poverty To halve hunger To halve childhood

malnutrition To increase the

resilience of tropical dryland farming

AspiratioAspirational nal targetstargets

The New StrategyThe New StrategyInclusive Market-Oriented Inclusive Market-Oriented

Development (IMODDevelopment (IMOD

Harness markets

Manage risks

Innovate . Grow . Prosper .Innovate . Grow . Prosper .

Increased Increased Attention Attention

to Resilienceto Resilience

Increase resilience by building livelihood capital:

Human Social Physical Natural Financial

We can do it!We have competent manpower.Let us put it to use, work together, and compete fiercely in the global arena.Our common goal: a food-secure world and resilient, sustainable and inclusive agricultural growth!

Thank you!