Overlays and The Evolution of BGP Peering

Agenda

• BGP Issues– Overlay Networks– VPNs– ToR

• BGP Peering Today– Rise of the Tier-3 ISPs

OK_NET

EVILNET

FASTNET

MY_NET

BGP Issues

• End user has no control:

• End user would like control to:– Avoid certain ISP/AS/Countries for privacy/security

reasons– Avoid certain ISP for performance reasons

Overlay Networks

OK_NET

EVILNET

FASTNET

MY_NET

Overlay Networks

OK_NET

EVILNET

FASTNET

MY_NET

Overlay Networks

OK_NET

EVILNET

FASTNET

MY_NET

Overlay Networks

OK_NET

EVILNET

FASTNET

MY_NET

Overlay Networks

OK_NET

EVILNET

FASTNET

MY_NET

Overlay Networks

OK_NET

EVILNET

FASTNET

MY_NET

Overlay Networks

OK_NET

EVILNET

FASTNET

MY_NET

Overlay Networks

OK_NET

EVILNET

FASTNET

MY_NET

Alice->Bob

Alice->Goog

Overlay Networks

OK_NET

EVILNET

FASTNET

MY_NET

Alice->Bob

Alice->Goog

Overlay Networks

OK_NET

EVILNET

FASTNET

MY_NET

Bob->Goog

Alice->Goog

Overlay Networks

OK_NET

EVILNET

FASTNET

MY_NET

Bob->Goog

Alice->Goog

Overlay Networks

OK_NET

EVILNET

FASTNET

MY_NET

Alice->Goog

Examples of Overlays

Security V. Privacy

VPN – Virtual Private NetworksSecurity Oriented Overlay

ToR: Onion Routing

Get list of ToR nodes

Knows the source, but not the destination

knows neither the source, nor the destination

Knows the destination, but not the source

No Node in the network knows the destination AND the SourceSo you can browse anonymously

TOR Anonymity networkEveryone knows the TOR Nodes

To Stop Anonymous communication I can block traffic to the TOR nodes

Privacy V. Security Overlay

BGP Relationships and Peering Today

• Before:– Tier-1 Peer with each other

for free– Tier-2 pays Tier-1– Tier-3 pays Tier-2– We pay Tier-3

• Tier-1 can choose to peer with anyone.

• Tier-1 Does not pay anyone

Tier-1 e.g. ATT, Level 3

Tier-2

Tier-3 e.g. Comcast

Content providers& (CDN)

Users

BGP Relationships and Peering Today

• After Videos and Social networks became HUGE

• The end-user is important– ADs or videos– Very good user experience

• Now Tier-3s are become powerful players– Tier-3 charge for peering– “Paid Peering”– Essentially a direct connection to the

users

Traditional ISP relationships New Model with Paid-Peering

Example: Netflix (2010)• Level 3 is a Tier-1 ISP with CDNs

• Netflix switches from Akamai to Level 3– Level 3 is cheaper than Akamai

• Level3 asks Comcast for more capacity

• Comcast says: Not Unless you start paying.

• After months of struggle Level3 agrees to pay Compast for traffic.

• A Tier-1 ISP is now paying a Tier-3 ISP– This changes everything

Example: Netflix (2010)• Level 3 is a Tier-1 ISP with CDNs

• Netflix switches from Akamai to Level 3– Level 3 is cheaper than Akamai

• Level3 asks Comcast for more capacity

• Comcast says: Not Unless you start paying.

• After months of struggle Level3 agrees to pay Compast for traffic.

• A Tier-1 ISP is now paying a Tier-3 ISP– This changes everything

Reflection on the State of the Internet

Logics About Final Project

Milestones• Partner Selection

– Groups 2, 3.– Potentially pick a topic

• Proposal (10/14/2015)– 2 pages

• Presentation– 15 minutes

• Final Report– 6 pages

Project Types• Measurement driven

– Understand aspects of the Internet• Understand web-services• Understand BGP

– Data Analysis driven:• Understand quality of Bug/Repo

• More Open-Ended– Improving quality of experience (mobile)– Fault tolerance in BGP networks

• Re-implementation– Goal: OpenSource an existing idea (SDN related).– Learn to integrate with a cloud platform (e.g.

OpenStack)– Learn to integrate with Map-Reduce