“Our Story in 2 minutes”

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MrqqD_Tsy4Q

Spontaneous Generation

• Before the 17th century the belief of where life came from was Spontaneous Generation:• Living things come from non-living things

• Ex. Throwing waste into the street creates rats and flies

• 3 scientists tested this hypothesis:• Redi• Spallanzani• Pasteur

“Slow Death of Spontaneous Generation” On the back of the article, there is a chart to show how the three scientists experimented with Spontaneous Generation.Copy the chart in your science notebook and fill in the chart (in your notebook) as you read the article.

EvolutionTuesday 1/27/2015

Agenda: Evolution

Notes: Spontaneous Generation Notes: Biogenesis Activity: Human Hand Adaptation

GRADE CHECKS TODAY! (1st Hour Only)

Homework/Class Work:

No Homework Tonight!

Scientists Hypothesis Draw the Experiment

Results Conclusion

Redi

Needham Boiling liquid will kill microorganisms

Boiled broth into a flask, sealed & waited

Microorganisms grew in the flask

Spontaneous generation DOES occur

Spallazani

Pasteur

Maggots developed from eggs of flies

2 jars with meat: one covered with cheese cloth & other open

The uncovered jar had maggots & the covered one didn’t

Spontaneous generation does not occur

Spontaneous generation does not occur.

Microorganisms are produced by other microorgansisms

Boiled chicken broth in flask & curved neck into sideways “S” shape.

No microorganisms

grew

Spontaneous generation does not occur.

Microorganisms are produced by other microorgansisms

Sealed flask of chicken broth took out air & boiled it

No microorganisms

grew

Spontaneous Generation: Venn diagram

Redi’s Experiment• 4 jars of meat• Two open jars vs. two closed jars• Result: Maggots and flies were only found in the

open jars

What do these results

tell us?

Spallanzani’s Experiment• Boiled meat broth in 2 flasks• Open flask vs. sealed flask• Result: After three days, the broth in the open flask

was cloudy = microorganism growth

What do these results

tell us?

Pasteur’s Experiment• He redid Spallanzani’s experiment• Used a curved neck flask• Left it open for one year • Result: remained clear• Broke the neck• Left it for one day (it was cloudy)

What do these results

tell us?

•Conclusion to all 3 experiments: spontaneous generation has been disproved!

• The New hypothesis: Biogenesis: all living things come from other living things.

How are organisms broken up??

Species & populations!

• SPECIES:• A group that is reproductively isolated (organisms that can

breed & produce fertile offspring)

QUESTION: Can two different species mate &

produce an offspring?

THIS IS A LIGER

THIS IS A MULE

The Liger…• Male lion and

female tiger• Like most hybrids

they are sterile• However an

occasional female has been found which can reproduce. No fertile males have been found.

POPULATION: a group of individuals of the same species that are not

prevented from breeding & producing offspring.

QUESTION:

Name one circumstance in which 2 groups of a single species of

squirrel might be prevented from breeding with each other.

ANSWER:

The groups may have gotten separated geographically and are

unable to interact or breed.

• ADAPTATION: • is any inherited characteristic that increases

an organism’s chance of surviving in a particular environment.

• FITNESS: • an organism’s ability to survive in order to

reproduce in an environment.

Human Hand Adaptation • Each PAIR should have a bucket & a yellow

handout What is NOT included:• Masking tape• Pencil• Book• Shoe• Backpack with zipper

EvolutionWednesday/Thursday 1/28-1/29/2015

Agenda: Evolution

Activity: Finish Human Hand Adaptation Notes: Adaptations Activity: Zygoozles

Homework/Class Work:

No Homework Tonight!

TYPES OF ADAPTATIONS

1. Structural2. Behavioral3. Physiological

Let’s look at each type as we consider 2 species: the tundra & icecap-dwelling arctic fox & the desert dwelling fennec fox.

arctic fox (Alopex lagopus) fennec fox (Vulpes zerda)

Structural Adaptation: The form that the organism takes.EX: Big ears and small ears of foxes.

Heat escapes easily from the blood that passes through the vessels in the fennec fox’s ears. Cool blood from the ears then circulates through the body & keeps the fennec fox from overheating.

Behavioral Adaptation: These are innate or inherited actions that individuals of the species perform.

• Arctic fox:• Can be active any time of the day; ready to find food

whenever available.

• Fennec fox:• Is nocturnal; sleeps during the day & hunts at night

Physiological Adaptation: Related to the biochemical processes at work within an organism’s body.

• Compare the processing of food & water:• Arctic fox: food is scarce in winter; effective at storing food

energy as fat.• Fennec fox: little free water available; adapted to get all

moisture it needs from fruit, roots, & leaves.

Adaptations Work Together

•Adaptations work together to produce a species fit for surviving in a specific environment.

The big ears(structural) cools fox & gives acute hearing which helps when fox hunts & night (behavioral) & the fox hasspecial retina; tapetum (physiological) that gives the fox night vision.

PROCEDURES1. You will examine the zygoozles. Discuss the similar & different traits the organisms possess.

2.Cut out each organism. Decide which organism represents the ancestral form (you get to pick).

3.Arrange the organisms in the order you believe they evolved.

4. Once you have decided where the pictures will be, glue the pictures in place on the paper.

5. Draw an arrow between each picture and state the change to show the direction of evolutionary change.

6. Choose 5 arrows and write a statement by each picture to justify the change that occurred.

7. Draw a picture of the fossil that could evolve next. Explain why the creature would have the traits you gave it. Describe a structural, behavioral and physiological adaptation

8. Color and decorate your paper to make it appealing.

PROCEDURES