Our Globe © Karen Devine 2010 What are latitude and longitude? TimeClimate

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© Karen Devine 2010

What are latitude What are latitude and longitude?and longitude?

TimeTimeClimateClimate

What is Latitude?What is Latitude?

►Lines of latitude Lines of latitude are imaginary lines are imaginary lines drawn on a map drawn on a map from east to west.from east to west.

►These lines (when These lines (when combined with combined with lines of longitude) lines of longitude) are used to assist are used to assist in finding the exact in finding the exact location of a place.location of a place.



► Lines of latitude Lines of latitude are known as are known as parallels of parallels of latitudelatitude..

► Parallels of Parallels of latitude divide the latitude divide the earth into the:earth into the:

a)a) Northern Northern hemispherehemisphere

b)b) Southern Southern Hemisphere.Hemisphere.



► The key parallels of The key parallels of latitude are:latitude are:

a)a) The Arctic Circle (60° 32´ The Arctic Circle (60° 32´ N) N)

b)b) Tropic of Cancer (23° 27´ Tropic of Cancer (23° 27´ N)N)

c)c) Equator (0° )Equator (0° )

d)d) Tropic of Capricorn (23° Tropic of Capricorn (23° 27´ S)27´ S)

e)e) Antarctic Circle (66° 33´ Antarctic Circle (66° 33´ S)S)


What is Longitude?What is Longitude?

►Lines of longitude Lines of longitude are imaginary lines are imaginary lines drawn on a globe drawn on a globe from north to south.from north to south.

►Lines of longitude Lines of longitude are known as are known as meridians of meridians of longitude.longitude.


What is Longitude?What is Longitude?►One of the key One of the key

meridians of meridians of longitude is known longitude is known as the Prime as the Prime Meridian which runs Meridian which runs through through GreenwichGreenwich in England. (51°N in England. (51°N 0°E) 0°E)

►Another is the Another is the International Date International Date Line.Line.



► Lines of Lines of longitude longitude divide the divide the globe into the:globe into the:

a)a) eastern eastern hemispherehemisphere

b)b) western western hemisphere.hemisphere.



►When lines of When lines of latitude and latitude and longitude are longitude are combined they combined they form grid lines form grid lines which intersect.which intersect.

►Grid lines are Grid lines are used to locate used to locate any point on the any point on the earth’s surface.earth’s surface.



►The divisions of The divisions of the earth into the earth into latitude and latitude and longitude are longitude are known as known as degrees (°) degrees (°) which can which can further be further be divided into divided into seconds (´).seconds (´).


TimeTime

►The earth turns on The earth turns on its axis and spins its axis and spins 15°each hour.15°each hour.

► It takes 24 hours It takes 24 hours to turn 360°.to turn 360°.


TimeTime

►The earth is divided into The earth is divided into 24 time zones (for every 24 time zones (for every 15° of longitude).15° of longitude).

►One of the time zones is One of the time zones is known as known as Greenwich Greenwich Mean TimeMean Time (GMT) and (GMT) and when the sun is directly when the sun is directly over the prime meridian over the prime meridian it is 12 midnight.it is 12 midnight.


TimeTime

►Humans Humans sometimes adjust sometimes adjust the time zones to the time zones to reflect reflect international international borders or borders or boundaries.boundaries.


TimeTime

► The international The international date line (180°) is date line (180°) is a line of longitude a line of longitude in which:in which:

a)a) time changes 1 time changes 1 hourhour

b)b) the day changes 1 the day changes 1 day (Eg: travelling day (Eg: travelling E to W a person E to W a person loses 1 day).loses 1 day).


ClimateClimate

► Climate is a long Climate is a long term variation in term variation in the weather for an the weather for an area.area.

► There are 3 main There are 3 main influences on influences on climate:climate:

a)a) latitudelatitudeb)b) altitudealtitudec)c) distance from the distance from the

sea.sea.© Karen Devine 2010

ClimateClimate

►The warmest The warmest places on the places on the planet are around planet are around the tropics and the tropics and the equator. the equator.

►This is due to the This is due to the concentration of concentration of insolationinsolation in in these areas.these areas.


ClimateClimate

►The coldest places The coldest places are around the are around the polar zones. polar zones.

►This is because the This is because the insolation is spread insolation is spread more widely over more widely over the earth’s curved the earth’s curved surface.surface.


ClimateClimate

►Temperatures Temperatures usually decline with usually decline with altitude as well and altitude as well and this is called the this is called the lapse ratelapse rate. .

►The lapse rate is The lapse rate is between 1 and 2° C between 1 and 2° C per 300 metres of per 300 metres of altitude.altitude.


ClimateClimate

► The planet can be divided into 3 main The planet can be divided into 3 main climatic zones. These are:climatic zones. These are:

a)a) The tropicsThe tropics: areas around the : areas around the equator which are hot and wet.equator which are hot and wet.

b)b) The polar regionsThe polar regions: areas around the : areas around the poles which are cold and dry.poles which are cold and dry.

c)c) The temperate zonesThe temperate zones: areas located : areas located between the poles and the equator between the poles and the equator which generally experience seasonal which generally experience seasonal variations.variations.


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Our Globe © Karen Devine 2010 What are latitude and longitude? TimeClimate