OUMH2103(ROSNAWATI JAIM 731023125308002)

ROSNAWATI JAIM OUMH2103

OPEN UNIVERSITYMALAYSIA

FAKULTI PENDIDIKAN DAN BAHASA

OUMH2103ENGLISH FOR SCIENCE & TECHNICAL

PURPOSES

ASSIGNMENTTUGASAN

SEMESTERSEPTEMBER 2012

NAME : ROSNAWATI BINTI JAIM

MATRIKS NO : 731023125308002

TELEPHONE NO : 010-5205308

E-MAIL : [email protected]

E- TUTOR NAME’S : ANN ANURADAH A/P FRANCIS

THANGAM

LEARNING CENTRE : OUM KOTA KINABALU

DATE : 17 NOVEMBER 2012


PART A : ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION EFFECTS

1.0 Introduction

According to WHO, garbage is something that is not in use, is not favorably

disposed or something derived from human activity or activities and does not occur by

itself (Chandra, 2007). Recently, there are many forms of garbage that does not only

consist of physical goods such as plastics, bottles, cans and so on. However, waste can also

be classified as waste or discarded material of any kind on non-place. Examples include

chemicals, solid waste, and so on. However, in the context of Malaysia, the waste

dedicated to physical objects that can be seen, touched and held. Garbage is also a form of

human material removed by a particular individual or not in place. Garbage is often

thrown into the trash. However, there is a party or individual that does not make junk in

place and cause the natural spoiled Apply as soil contamination and water pollution. This

is because, not only made litter on the ground. On the other hand, was thrown into the sea,

rivers, ponds, ditches, etc. that cause river pollution and odor pollution.

2.0 Detrimental Effects Of Littering

Based on the definition mentioned above, it can be seen that the waste is waste or

discarded material in many places to provide a lot of adverse effects on humans. Among

the adverse effects are:-

a) Environmental Pollution Effects

One of the adverse effects of waste is a problem of environmental pollution. Garbage

everywhere can increase the rate of pollution affecting the river pollution, soil

contamination and odor pollution as described below:-

Water Pollution: Today, frequent garbage dump into the sea, river, ponds, lakes

and ditches, which also increases the rate of water pollution. E.g., river is the

lifeblood of aquatic life such as fish, crabs and shrimp. If the river is

contaminated with rubbish thrown by people, then this kind of aquatic habitat


will be affected and may cause aquatic life is difficult to live their lives.

Garbage into the river can also be messy and cause rivers to overflow waste a

lot happening. Things like this can cause a dam in the river is prone to damage

as a result of waste through the dam. This will also cause problems for process

water for the daily needs of man. Finally, people also have problems to get

clean water mains due to the dam that can not function properly.

Figure 1: Garbage Pollution In River

Soil Pollution: Removal of garbage all over the place can also cause soil

contamination. Garbage left on the ground like plastic will cause the plastic to

settle into the soil and can affect the mineral content in the soil. This will also

lead source of protein needed by the plant will decline and, consequently

habitat disturbed and affected plants. Indirectly, this sort of thing will

restricting the amount of oxygen diffusion process by the plant and thus pose a

health hazard to humans.


Figure 2: Garbage Pile Side Road Surface

Odor Pollution: Rubbish thrown all over the place will also give rise to

unpleasant odors and can invite flies, mosquitoes and cockroaches to breed in

the waste area. This in turn will cause odor nuisance problems to nearby

residents and in turn may cause a health threat to nearby residents.

b) Health Threat

Moreover, garbage dumped everywhere can also invite various forms of human

illness that can affect human health. As known to many, rubbish and left lying in a

bad situation can encourage presence of mosquitoes and flies such as Aedes

mosquito. Aedes mosquitoes and flies which alight on the waste which then rested

upon human food will bring with bacteria and germs that can pose a threat to human

disease. Examples such as diarrhea and cholera caused by contamination of food

taken effect. This means that the food consumed by humans that have been

contaminated with germs and bacteria carried by mosquitoes and flies that were

perched on an abandoned junk yard. Indirectly, the risk of illness for those living

near the garbage disposal area is managed well, will rise to greater heights.

Indirectly, things like this will affect human health and can lead to death.

c) Keep Sight

Garbage that is left and not well managed will also present you with a brazenly bad

to anyone who sees it. Every man wants a clean and healthy air in order to ensure a

more comfortable, safe and secure. However, the garbage is managed well and the

human action of throwing garbage into many places will lead to a view that does not

want to be seen by humans, let alone through the area. For example, as shown in the

picture in the figure 3. In the figure 3 it can be seen that the individual is in the

picture is pointing to garbage and cover your mouth and nose. This indicates that the

individual is not willing to smell the garbage that can affect the level of health. In the

meantime, garbage is left as is also able to create views just across healthy and well

and able to motivate a person to not go through the area. This will also show the

attitude of society that does not prioritize health and selfishness. Things like this


would not happen if everyone has a sense of responsibility to maintain cleanliness

and natural beauty. However, the human attitudes of selfish cause garbage thrown all

over the place causing the heap of rubbish that recorded views and vision.

Figure 3: Garbage Pile In Residential Area

d) Ozone Depleting Substances

Garbage that is left idle and not governed well can cause thinning of the ozone layer.

Although thinning of the ozone layer has been attributed to the activities of air

pollution, but the garbage all over the place also able to enhance the effects of ozone

depletion.

e) Bad Image To Tourists

Adverse effects of waste others are giving bad image to the foreign tourists. As

known to many, Malaysia is famous for its beauty and peace that is enjoyed by

people of all races. For travelers who first came to Malaysia and see garbage all over

the place at tourist locations visited, then it will give a negative perception of the

foreign tourists attitude of Malaysian society and culture do not practice healthy

living. Indirectly, the perception of tourists to Malaysia’s ‘beautiful’ will change the

perception of Malaysia’s ‘dirty’. Things like this can also affect foreign tourist

arrivals into the country and further thwart efforts to promote the country to

foreigners.


As the known masses, the country has gone to the tourism industry in the country. It

is very disappointing when we see recreational areas such as beaches and resort

gardens contaminated by debris caused by visitors to the place itself. This includes

forest areas which often occur hikers leave trash in the forest areas. I believe that one

of the attractions of this areas is an authentic condition clean and fresh. Thus if the

area is already polluted by garbage so it will not be so attractive anymore and to

clean the remote areas like this is not easy. However, such efforts will not ferment

goals and the objectives if community attitudes and behaviors that often throw trash

everywhere unaltered.

From the explanations above, it is seen that there are many negative effects and

adverse effects of garbage to you, society, nation and the animals and plants. This means

that the adverse effects of this waste are not only borne by men only. On the other hand,

was borne by the animals and plants as has been described above.

3.0 Conclusion

Based on information and explanations that have been mentioned and discussed,

garbage has many adverse effects and negative effects. Therefore, efforts should be made

to ensure littering ills can be addressed effectively. Among the measures that can be done

is:-

a) Parents should always show the example for the children to always throw garbage in

the trash and not throw trash all over the place as to the river, and so on.

b) The government should tighten the law and provide greater punishment to those who

acted throw trash everywhere. For example, imposing compound RM10, 000 to those

found throwing garbage everywhere, littering from vehicles and so on.

c) The mass media should enhance their role and function to always alert the

community to the importance of cleanliness and beauty of nature and not throw trash

everywhere.


By carrying out such efforts, the awareness among the public will be able to set up

and enhanced, thus able to overcome the problem of irregular garbage and discarded in

trash bins provided.

TOTAL : 1,431 WORDS


PART B

Based on the diagram above, hurricanes and tornadoes are two natural occurrences that

have differences and similarities. Among the differences between the hurricanes and

tornadoes are as follows: -

a) Genesis Resources

Cyclone is a form of nature arising from water which occurs as a result of vibration or

physical changes in the sea floor. Examples such as earthquakes on the ocean floor that

could cause sea water conditions are unstable and eventually cause a hurricane.

Meanwhile, waterspout was from inclement weather conditions which led to the wind

conditions are very terrible. This is also to be among the factors that contributed to

create conditions that shaped longitudinal rotation of water into the soil, also known as

a tornado. This means that hurricanes and tornadoes exist from two different natural

resources.


b) Detecting Device

Every act of nature that occurs can be detected by using a special tool. Examples such

as hurricanes, which can be detected using special equipment installed at the water

surface. An example might be ‘Tsunameter’ used to detect any changes in the sea floor

that can cause a tsunami that could eventually lead to storms and hurricanes. In

contrast to the presence of a tornado which are difficult to predict and have no

particular equipment to detect the presence of a tornado. Equipment that exists today is

equipment to detect the weather conditions and the possibility of thunderstorms.

Nevertheless, every Thunderstorm does not necessarily produce a tornado.

c) Nature of Related Mutual

The third difference can be seen between hurricanes and tornadoes are nature

hurricanes which can result in a tornado. Hurricanes that occur also bring winds and

storms which can produce tornadoes. Unlike the tornados where possible to produce a

hurricane.

As such, it can be seen that both hurricanes and tornadoes have different properties and

characteristics as mentioned above. However, two incidents of this nature also have

similarities. Among them are:-

a) Strong and Destruction

Hurricanes and tornadoes are natural incident very strong and can destroy everything

he encounters. Examples such as hurricanes Sandy did in the United States that

destroyed homes, crops, pets and communication systems. Similarly, a lot of tornadoes

occur in the United States that can cause damage to properties. This means that both

the creation of the universe has the same strength that could destroy everything he

encounters.

b) Dangerous Lives

Hurricanes and tornadoes are also very dangerous to humans, which can threaten

human lives. When a country will identify the presence of a hurricane or tornado, then


the people who are in these areas will be asked to respond to a safer place. This is

because natural occurrences such as this can cause death as ‘katrina’ storm ever to hit

the U.S. and Sandy hurricanes that hit people in many regions of the country.

Thus, it is seen that hurricanes and tornadoes also similar as that described above.

TOTAL : 479 WORDS


REFERENCES

Berita Harian, (2002), Takungan Air Punca Runtuhan – Siasatan Awal Ikram Tragedi Tanah Bukit Ranapkan Rumah Jeneral Ismail, Taman Hillview, Ulu Klang Selangor

Berita Harian, (2006), Tanah Runtuh Di Kampung Pasir, Ulu Klang, Selangor

Ibrahim Wahab (1991), Perancangan Bandar Aspek Fizikal Dan Kawalan Pembangunan, Dewan Bahasa Pustaka, Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia,Kuala Lumpur.

Ismawi Haji Zen (1996), Hubungan Manusia Dengan Alam Sekitar Dalam Bentuk Spatial : Kertas Dasar, Untuk Jabatan Perancangan Bandar dan Desa, Malaysia Bagi Kajian Doktrin Perancangan dan Pembangunan Sejagat.

Jasmah Ahmad & Siti Razmah Idris, (2001). Pencemaran Udara Dan Bunyi, Siri Utamakan Alam Sekitar Anda, Penerbit Mikamas, Selangor

Persatuan Pencinta Alam 1995, Kemusnahan Tanah tinggi Hujan Tropika Dan Implikasinya, Dewan Kosmik Mei

Sham Sani, Abdul Hadi dan Jamaluddin Md. Jahi (1993), Alam Sekitar Dan Pengurusannya Di Malaysia. UNESCO, Malaysia

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OUMH2103(ROSNAWATI JAIM 731023125308002)