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To comply with professional boards/associations standards: • I declare that I (or my family) do not have a financial relationship in any amount, occurring in the last 12 months with a commercial interest whose products or services are discussed in my presentation. Additionally, all planners involved do not have any financial relationship. •Requirements for successful completion are attendance for the full session along with a completed session evaluation. •Vyne Education and all current accreditation statuses does not imply endorsement of any commercial products displayed in conjunction with this activity. Session 303: Evidence‐Based Assessments & Interventions for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder Robyn Otty, OtD, OTR/L, MEd, BCPR Leading the Way in Continuing Education and Professional Development. www.Vyne.com Course Description With the increasing prevalence of children diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder, there is a growing need to ensure functional outcomes translate into their environment. Such provision of services requires time to warrant the intensive therapeutic services for the child are justified. Through this session, you will have the opportunity to learn the latest evidence‐supported intervention approaches and assessment methods to support and document therapy services for children with ASD.

Otty Session 303 Evidence-based Assessments ... · Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers ... Dynamic Performance Analysis Record (DPAR) Framework to enable occupational

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Page 1: Otty Session 303 Evidence-based Assessments ... · Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers ... Dynamic Performance Analysis Record (DPAR) Framework to enable occupational

To comply with professional boards/associations standards:• I declare that I (or my family) do not have a financial relationship in any amount, occurring in the last 12 months with a commercial interest whose products or services are discussed in my presentation. Additionally, all planners involved do not have any financial relationship.•Requirements for successful completion are attendance for the full session along with a completed session evaluation.•Vyne Education and all current accreditation statuses does not imply endorsement of any commercial products displayed in conjunction with this activity.

Session 303: Evidence‐Based Assessments & Interventions for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Robyn Otty, OtD, OTR/L, MEd, BCPR

Leading the Way in Continuing Education and Professional Development. www.Vyne.com

Course DescriptionWith the increasing prevalence of children diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder, there is a growing need to ensure functional outcomes translate into their environment.  Such provision of services requires time to warrant the intensive therapeutic services for the child are justified.  Through this session, you will have the opportunity to learn the latest evidence‐supported intervention approaches and assessment methods to support and document therapy services for children with ASD. 

Page 2: Otty Session 303 Evidence-based Assessments ... · Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers ... Dynamic Performance Analysis Record (DPAR) Framework to enable occupational

Learning Objectives1. Examine various assessment tools to inform, guide, and validate your plan of care.

2. Quantify skilled observations to effectively justify your services to third‐party payors. 

3. Appraise existing methods of assessment and daily documentation practices to inform your plan of care.

Session Outline1) Appraise current methods of assessments: Strengths and weaknesses 

2) Overview of various assessment tools: Clinical utility and research

3) Further quantify intervention to justify the small changes

4) Hands‐on experiences: Rotation

Case Activity

Page 3: Otty Session 303 Evidence-based Assessments ... · Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers ... Dynamic Performance Analysis Record (DPAR) Framework to enable occupational

Outpatient Pediatric ClinicJAMES

James is an OT who works in a busy freestanding outpatient clinic uses only naturalistic observations using levels of assistance to quantify the clients’ functional abilities (i.e. Ind, Min A, Mod A, etc.), and occasional use of parent questionnaires. 

James has a difficult time managing his time and will often document at the end of the week. Unfortunately, his manager has to provide specific direction to ensure documentation is adequate for reimbursement.

MONICA

Monica is an OT who works in the same busy freestanding outpatient clinic utilizes various methods to complete her clients’ evaluations. She uses assessment tools and screeners, structured interviews with the parent, and naturalistic observations of performance. 

Monica also takes it upon herself to serve a local university as a fieldwork educator. She manages her time well with frequent notes and continual documentation system that includes collecting data during each treatment session. 

JamesSTRENGTHS WEAKNESSES

MonicaSTRENGTHS WEAKNESSES

Page 4: Otty Session 303 Evidence-based Assessments ... · Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers ... Dynamic Performance Analysis Record (DPAR) Framework to enable occupational

Suggestions for James

The Problem(Tomcheck, Little, & Dunn, 2015)

Low Energy/Weak

Tactile/Movement Sensitivity

Taste/Smell Sensitivity

Auditory/Visual Sensitivity

Hyporesponsivity Scores

Receptive Expressive

Considerations: Assessment and ASD (Schaaf & Lane, 2015)

Relationship between restrictive and repetitive behaviors and sensory reactivity

Association between sensory features and social engagement

Sensory features change with age – Further research needed

Sensory Profile

Sensory Processing Measure

Sensory Experiences Questionnaire

Sensory Processing Scales

Sensory Integration and Praxis Test

Page 5: Otty Session 303 Evidence-based Assessments ... · Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers ... Dynamic Performance Analysis Record (DPAR) Framework to enable occupational

Assessment ToolsCLINICAL UTILITY AND RESEARCH

The Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago

Types of Standardized Tests (Brown, 2017)NORM‐REFERENCE

Compared with other

Purpose:

Determine if scores are within or outside of a typical range (p. 129).

CRITERION‐REFERENCE

Based on standard/fixed point (by experts)

Purpose:

Determine individual’s performance compares to the established benchmark.

Page 6: Otty Session 303 Evidence-based Assessments ... · Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers ... Dynamic Performance Analysis Record (DPAR) Framework to enable occupational

Assessment Tool ConsiderationsVALIDITY

Evaluates the desired purpose/domain

CONSTRUCT

Predictive of performance

PREDICTIVE

Alternative tool to evaluate purpose/domain

CONCURRENT

RELIABILITY

Outcome accuracy

Stamina & Consistency

TEST‐RETEST

Between raters

INTERRATER

Same rater

INTRARATER

CorrelationPOSITIVE NEGATIVE 

Correlation: StrengthClosest to 1.00

.70 to .99 STRONG

.50‐.69 MODERATE

.30‐49 WEAK

<.30 VERY WEAK

Page 7: Otty Session 303 Evidence-based Assessments ... · Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers ... Dynamic Performance Analysis Record (DPAR) Framework to enable occupational

Other Assessment Considerations

Responsiveness

One that can detect change

Ceiling Effect

A high score has little room for improvement

Assessment ToolsSCREENING TOOL

Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (MCHAT)

‐ Screening for ASD

http://www2.gsu.edu/~psydlr/Diana_L._Robins,_Ph.D._files/M‐CHAT_new.pdf

Assessment ToolsSCREENING TOOL

The First Year Inventory 

‐Screening for ASD

http://www.med.unc.edu/ahs/pearls/research/development‐of‐the‐first‐year‐inventory

Page 8: Otty Session 303 Evidence-based Assessments ... · Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers ... Dynamic Performance Analysis Record (DPAR) Framework to enable occupational

Assessment Tools (Hansen & Jirikowic, 2013; Parham & Eckler, 2007)

SENSORY‐BASED

Sensory Processing Measure

5‐12 years of age

75‐item questionnaire

Home (parent) & School (teacher)

Responses: never, occasionally, frequent, or always

Assessment Tool (Polatajko & Mandich, 2004)

ACTIVITY PERFORMANCE

Dynamic Performance Analysis Record (DPAR)

Framework to enable occupational competence

Assessment Tool (Polatajko & Mandich, 2004)

ACTIVITY PERFORMANCE

Performance Quality Rating Scale (PQRS)

Evaluate performance and change in performance, based on observation

Part A: 1‐10 (p.155)

1= no activity criteria are met

10= all activity criteria are met

Page 9: Otty Session 303 Evidence-based Assessments ... · Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers ... Dynamic Performance Analysis Record (DPAR) Framework to enable occupational

Assessment ToolsMEMORY 

Visual Memory Task

Adapted from Snodgrass Vanderwart’s (1980) object database

Used in research (Chan, Han, Sze, & Lau, 2015)

Procedure:

1) Stimulus for 3 minutes

2) 3 minutes delay

Assessment Tools

EXECUTIVE FUNCTION 

Weekly Calendar Planning Activity

Performance‐based

Insert 18 appointments and errands into a weekly calendar

Collected objective measures on multiple items

(Toglia, 2015)

Retrieved from https://myaota.aota.org/shop_aota/prodimages/271083346.Def.L.png

WCPA Performance Examples

Page 10: Otty Session 303 Evidence-based Assessments ... · Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers ... Dynamic Performance Analysis Record (DPAR) Framework to enable occupational

Results: WCPA

Results: WCPA

Assessment Tools (Watling & Hauer, 2015)

GOAL ATTAINMENT SCALE (GAS)

Meaningful goals are set

Each are then weighted by the client/parent

Provides partial accomplishment of given goals. 

Page 11: Otty Session 303 Evidence-based Assessments ... · Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers ... Dynamic Performance Analysis Record (DPAR) Framework to enable occupational

Documenting & Detecting Sensory Processing Issues

Systematic data collection of the behavior

Identification patterns

Environmental influences

31VYNE EDUCATION

32

www.caroldoey.com

VYNE EDUCATION

Rotation HANDS‐ON ACTIVITY

Page 12: Otty Session 303 Evidence-based Assessments ... · Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers ... Dynamic Performance Analysis Record (DPAR) Framework to enable occupational

Rotation Directions

34

SEVEN

ONE

FOUR

SIX

FIVE

THREE

TWO

VYNE EDUCATION

Rotation HANDS‐ON ACTIVITY

Station ONEWeekly Calendar Planning Activity

Trial the Weekly Calendar Planning Activity while your partner attempts to record the strategies used. 

Page 13: Otty Session 303 Evidence-based Assessments ... · Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers ... Dynamic Performance Analysis Record (DPAR) Framework to enable occupational

Station TWO 

Review the Available Measures–

Consider ways in which the findings from the measure can assist you with monitoring change and performance. 

Station THREE Goal Attainment Scale

How might you apply the GAS to your everyday practice?

Develop a GAS for a client you have using, the presented templates. 

Station FOUR

Using the PQRS, rate your partner’s ability to tie a tie. 

◦ Trial ONE: Determine if the person has a general idea

◦ Trial TWO: Actual rating (pre‐test)

Do an intervention 

◦ Trial THREE: Actual rating (post‐test)

Page 14: Otty Session 303 Evidence-based Assessments ... · Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers ... Dynamic Performance Analysis Record (DPAR) Framework to enable occupational

Station FIVE 

Resource and Question & Answer Station

Thank YOU!

CONTACT INFORMATION

Robyn Otty

Associate Professor

School of Occupational Therapy

(702) 777‐3095

[email protected]

Linkedin.com/in/robynotty

ReferencesAmerican Occupational Therapy Association. (2016). The AOTA practice guideline series: Occupational therapy practice guidelines for Individuals with autism spectrum disorder. Bethesda, MD: AOTA Press.

Brown, C. (2017). The evidence‐based practitioner: Applying research to meet client needs. Philadelphia, PA: F.A. Davis.

Chan, A.S., Han, Y.M., Sze, S.L., & Lau., E.M. (2015) Neuroenhancement of memory for children with autism by a mind‐body exercise. Frontiers in Psychology, 61‐71. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01893

Hansen, K.D. & Jirikowic, T. (2013). A comparison of the Sensory Profile and Sensory Processing Measure home form for children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders. Physical & Occupational Therapy in Pediatrics, 33(4), 440‐452. doi:10.3109/01942638.2013.791914

Parham, L.D. & Ecker, C. (2007). Sensory Processing Measure (SPM). Torrance, CA: WPS. 

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References

Polatajko, H.J. & Mandich, A. (2004). Enabling occupation in children: The cognition orientation to daily occupational performance (CO‐OP) Approach. Ottawa, Ontario CA: CAOT Publications. 

Schaaf, R.C. & Lane, A.E. (2015). Toward a best‐practice protocol for assessment of sensory features in ASD. Journal of Autism Developmental Disabilities, 45, 1380‐1395. doi: 10.1007/s10803‐014‐2299‐z

Toglia, J. (2015). Weekly Calendar Planning Activity (WCPA): A performance test of executive function. Bethesda, MD: AOTA Press.

Tomcheck, S.D., Little, L.M., & Dunn, W. (2015). Sensory pattern contributions to developmental performance in children with autism spectrum disorder. American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 69, 6905185040. http://dx/doi.org/0.5014/ajot.2015.018044

Watling, R. & Hauer, S. (2015). Effectiveness of Ayers Sensory Integration and sensory‐based interventions for people with autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review. American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 69, 6905180030. http://dx.doi.org/10.5014/ajot.2015.018051