Name___________________________ Period_____ 3rd Grading Period

OTHS Academic Chemistry Lab Notebook

“The important thing in science is not so much to obtain new

facts as to discover new ways of thinking about them.”

-William Lawrence Bragg-

Table of Contents

Would you like your own pair of goggles?

Order from Flinn Scientific, Models AP3306

and AP3309 are both approved.

http://goo.gl/6Y2Bkd

Lab Protocol: Electronic devices are not appropriate in a laboratory setting and may not be used

or in sight during labs.

Lab safety rules must be followed at all times. Negligence (not wearing goggles

or closed toe shoes), not following instructions, purposeful horseplay, and harmful

behavior will not be tolerated in the lab.

Clean-up: In a chemistry lab, students are expected to take care of the equipment and lab stations. Each lab period, 10 points are allocated for lab clean-up. If the lab is

left in disarray, 10 points will be deducted from the lab grade.

Lost notebooks: Students are given one lab notebook each six weeks. If lost,

students may print labs from the course website, but 5 points will be deducted for each occurrence.

Late labs: 1 day late= Maximum 75, 2 days late= Maximum 50, 3+ days late= zero

Unless specified otherwise, violation of lab protocol will result in a 20 point deduction from the lab grade and/or a discipline referral to the student’s

grade level principal.

Page Lab

1………….…………………. Formulas and Oxidation Numbers 3…………………………..…

…..

Mole Mystery 4………….…………………. Moles and Molecules in Your Name

5………….…………………. Percentage of Sugar in Bubble Gum 7……………………………..

………..

Bizarre Happenings in Mole, NM

Formulas and Oxidation Numbers Activity Procedure

Introduction:

A chemical formula is a combination of symbols and numerical subscripts that represents the composition of a compound. The symbols indicate which elements are present, and the subscripts indicate the numbers of each element in the compound. In an ionic compound, these proportions can be predicted using the oxidation numbers (charges) of the ions present in the compound.

This activity illustrates the relative proportions of ions in ionic compounds. Note carefully the relationships between the shapes* of the puzzle pieces and the oxidation numbers (charges) of the ions.

*some puzzle pieces have prongs (like Al) and some have notches (like O).

Procedure:

1) Using the puzzle pieces in the baggies, form models for the ionic compoundslisted below.

2) Fill in the chart on your student sheet. The first one has been done for you as anexample, but you should still fit the puzzle pieces together.

Combining substances:

1. Aluminum and phosphate2. Copper (II) and chlorine3. Nickel and oxygen4. Sodium and phosphate5. Iron (III) and sulfate6. Aluminum and bromine7. Sodium and oxygen8. Iron (II) and sulfur9. Aluminum and nitrate

10. Potassium and sulfate11. Iron (III) and chlorine12. Ammonium and sulfur13. Aluminum and oxygen14. Magnesium and phosphate15. Copper (II) and nitrogen16. Magnesium and oxygen17. Calcium and oxygen

1

Name____________________________ Per. _______ Formulas and Oxidation Numbers Activity -- Student Sheet

Combining substances

Formula and charge of cation (+)

Formula and charge of anion (–)

Chemical formula

Chemical name

Aluminum and phosphate

Al 3+ PO4 3- AlPO4 aluminum phosphate

Copper (II) and chlorine Nickel (II) and oxygen Sodium and phosphate Iron (III) and sulfate Aluminum and bromine Sodium and oxygen Iron (II) and sulfur Aluminum and nitrate Potassium and sulfate Iron (III) and chlorine Ammonium and sulfur Aluminum and oxygen Magnesium and phosphate Copper (II) and nitrogen Magnesium and oxygen Calcium and oxygen

Questions: 1. Do the puzzle pieces with prongs represent: cations (+) or anions (–)? (circle one)2. Do the puzzle pieces with notches represent: cations (+) or anions (–)? (circle one)3. How many prongs does Al have? ____What is the oxidation number (charge) of Al? _____4. How many notches does O have? ____What is the oxidation number (charge) of O? _____5. Puzzle pieces with prongs are elements that: gain or lose electrons. (circle one)6. Puzzle pieces with notches are elements that: gain or lose electrons. (circle one)7. The metals in this activity have puzzle pieces with: prongs or notches (circle one)8. The nonmetals in this activity have puzzle pieces with: prongs or notches (circle one)

2

Mole Mystery Introduction In this activity, you will learn to calculate the molar mass of elements based on measured mass and a provided number of moles. You will then identify the elements by using the periodic table.

Procedure 1. Measure the mass of your element sample + container. Leave the sample in the container! Do not open

the container! Record the mass of the element sample in your data table. **Make sure to subtract the mass of the container (written on container) before recording.**

2. Rotate to other tables to get the mass measurements of the other element samples and record in your datatable.

3. Calculate the molar mass of each element by dividing the mass by the moles. Record in your data table.4. Identify each element using the periodic table. Record in your data table.

Data

Table 1 Baggie Label Number of

Moles Mass of

Element (g) Molar Mass of

Element (g/mol) Identity of Element

A 0.200 mol

B 0.300 mol

C 0.150 mol

D 0.500 mol

E 0.250 mol

F 0.500 mol

G 0.350 mol

Questions 1. 1.50 moles of Element X has a mass of 125.7 grams. Identify element X.

2. Samples D and F contain the same number of moles. However, the masses are not equal. Explain whythey are different. (Hint: why would a dozen ostrich eggs and a dozen pigeon eggs not have the samemass?)

3. SHOW WORK: How many atoms are contained in sample A?

Sample C?

Sample F?

3

Moles and Molecules in Your Name

Name _____________________________________________ Period ________ PURPOSE: To determine the number of moles and molecules used up when you write your name with a crayon. The predominant substance in crayon wax is:

CH3(CH2)7CH=CH(CH2)7CO2C7H9 PROCEDURE:

1. Record the mass of a crayon to the nearest 0.01 g in the table below.

2. On a separate sheet of paper, write your full name VERY LARGE, and as fancy as you want.

3. Record the mass of your crayon after writing your name.

4. Complete line c of the data table. Do calculations.

Crayon Data and Calculations/Questions DATA TABLE:

a. Mass of crayon (before writing your name)

b. Mass of crayon (after writing your name)

c. Mass of crayon used to write your name (to calculate: line a - line b )

CALCULATIONS: (Show dimensional analysis in # 2 - 4 below)

1. What is the molar mass of CH3(CH2)7CH=CH(CH2)7CO2C7H9=________________________ g/mol

2. How many moles of wax were used to write your name?

3. How many molecules of wax were used to write your name?

4. How many individual atoms are in your answer to #3?

4

Percentage of Sugar in Bubble Gum

Purpose To determine the percentage of sugar in bubble gum.

Hypothesis What is your prediction for the percentage of sugar in bubble gum? _________%

Materials balance, bubble gum

Note: Chewed gum cannot be placed directly on the balance pan; it must be wrapped in paper and the mass of the paper subtracted out.

1. Your teacher will give you one piece of bubble gum. Place the wrapped pieceof gum on the balance.

2. Unwrap your piece of gum, and put the gum in your mouth. Record the mass of the wrapper and unchewed gum.

3. Place your empty gum wrapper on the balance.

Do not throw the wrapper away!

Record the mass of the wrapper.

4. Chew your gum for 15 minutes.Do not throw the wrapper away!

5. After 15 minutes, place your gum back in its wrapper.6. Place your wrapped, chewed gum on the balance. 7. Throw away the gum and wrapper.

Record the mass.

Data Mass (g)

Wrapper and unchewed gum

Wrapper only

Unchewed gum

Wrapper and chewed gum

Chewed gum

TURN OVER FOR ANALYSIS QUESTIONS!

5

Analysis and Conclusions

1. What is the total mass of sugar that you removed by chewing?Hint: Subtract chewed gum’s mass from unchewed gum’s mass

2. Calculate the percent error for the mass of sugar. Obtain the actual value forthe mass of sugar in one piece of gum from your teacher:

Actual value = ___________g Experimental value = __________g (use answer for #1 as your exp. value)

% Error = |Actual value – Experimental value| Actual value

x 100

3. (a) What is the percentage of sugar in a piece of gum?Hint: % sugar = Mass of sugar (from #1)

Mass of unchewed gum x 100

(b)How did this compare to your predicted value?

(c) What assumption are we making when we calculate this percentage? Hint: Do you think you removed anything else besides sugar when you chewed the gum?

4. Would a lot of saliva trapped in the chewed gum cause the percentage ofsugar to appear higher or lower than it really is? Why? Hint: Think about which measurement in the data table would be higher, and what would that do to the answer to #1 above?

5. Assume that the sugar in the gum is sucrose, C12H22O11. Using the answerfrom #1 above as a starting point, calculate the molecules of sugar that youremoved by chewing. This is a mole conversion problem! Go from grams tomolecules. It takes 2 steps.

6

Bizarre Happenings in Mole, NM

You and your team of medical examiners are called to the scene of an extraterrestrial spacecraft crash in the high desert near Mole, New Mexico. The craft shows evidence of a pre-crash explosion. It is suspected that the victims were recently abducted by aliens from the Avogadro Luxury Resort near Santa Fe. It is believed the aliens wanted Dr. Kozmic, the Nobel Prize winning particle physicist, who had been working at Los Alamos National Lab on a top secret military project. Unfortunately, aside from Sgt. Schott, the others were clearly at the wrong place at the wrong time.

The victims were found in and around the crash. They must be identified by substances found in their belongings or in their bodies, as dental records are not available. The Lab had received a brief communiqué from the spacecraft relaying a scene of chaos on board. One abductee was believed murdered by another, with the estimated time of death about one hour before the crash.

The site of the crash (and alleged explosion) has a compound with the following analysis: 37.1 % carbon, 2.2 % hydrogen, 18.4 % nitrogen, and 42.3 % oxygen

Objectives: You, as the key investigator, are to: 1. determine the empirical formulas (using the % composition data) and identify the compounds found on/with

the victims (use your own paper); assume empirical formula = molecular formula 2. identify each victim (see personal data) - record on Data Sheet3. determine the murder victim – record on Data Sheet4. determine the most probable murderer – record on Data Sheet

Use the DATA SHEET & POSSIBLE COMPOUNDS to solve. SHOW ALL WORK. Due to the sensitive nature of this incident, your results are to remain CONFIDENTIAL, until instructed otherwise. Good luck.

Personal Data on Abductees

Possible Compounds

Name Formula Notes Codeine C18H21NO3 Prescription painkiller Cocaine C17H21NO4 Illegal narcotic Aspirin C9H8O4 painkiller

Aspartame C14H18N2O5 Artificial sweetener Vanilla C8H8O3 Flavoring

Trinitrotoluene C7H5N3O6 Explosive Nitroglycerin C3H5N3O9 Heart medication & explosive

Curare C40H44N4O Poison Thiobromine C7H8N4O2 Chocolate flavoring Strychnine C21H22N2O2 Rat poison

Dimetracrine C10H13N (empirical) Prescription antidepressant Acetaminophen C8H9NO2 Painkiller (Tylenol)

Dr. Ray Kozmic world renowned particle physicist; known to have heart condition

Ima Krazi chemistry teacher; known to have frequent headaches

Sara Lee famous baker

Anne O’Rexia fashion model, addicted to Diet Coke

Macho Pigskin pro athlete, suspended for drug violation

Dee “Diamond” Rugs suspected drug dealer

Sargent Gunner Schott sergeant assigned as Dr. Kozmic’s bodyguard for the duration of the project

M. T. Wallet recently bankrupt Wall Street guru; known to be treated for severe depression

7

DATA: Bizarre Happenings in Mole, NM

Victim #/Identity Analysis of Compound Location found

1 C = 67.30 H = 6.98 N = 4.62 O = 21.10 Blood & Luggage

2 C = 63.15 H = 5.30 O = 31.55

C = 46.66 H = 4.48 N = 31.10 O = 17.76

Briefcase

Stomach

3 C = 72.15 H = 7.08 N = 4.68 O = 16.03 Pockets

4 C = 15.87 H = 2.22 N = 18.15 O = 63.41 Blood & Pockets

5 C = 75.42 H = 6.63 N = 8.38 O = 9.57

C = 37.01 H = 2.22 N = 18.50 O = 42.27

Blood

Luggage

6 C = 57.14 H = 6.16 N = 9.52 O = 27.18 Briefcase

7 C = 80.48 H = 7.45 N = 9.39 O = 2.68

C = 81.58 H = 8.90 N = 9.52

Briefcase

Luggage

8 C = 60.00 H = 4.48 O = 35.53

C = 63.56 H = 6.00 N = 9.27 O = 21.17

Pocket & Briefcase

Pocket & Briefcase

Murder Victim _____________________________________________________________________

Explain how this happened ________________________________________________________________________________________

Probable Murderer ________________________________________________________________

8

9

122B

133A

144A

155A

166A

177A

188A

10 111B

He

Hg

Cd

Zn

Au

Ag

Cu

Pt

Pd

Ni

Tl

Ga

Pb

Sn

Ge

Bi

Sb

As

Po

Te

Se

At

Br

Rn

Xe

Kr

Al Si P S Cl Ar

B C N O F Ne

Yb

No

Tm

Md

Er

Fm

Ho

Es

Dy

Cf

Tb

Bk

Gd

Cm

Eu

Am

Mass numbers in parentheses are those of the most stable or most common isotope.

Si

Silicon

14

Symbol

Atomic number

Name

28.086Atomic mass

In I

K Ca

Na Mg

Li Be

22A

H

11A

Sc

33B

Ti

44B

V

55B

Cr

66B

Mn

77B

Fe

8

Co

9

Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru

Cs Ba Hf Ta W Re Os

Fr Ra Rf Db

Sg

Bh

Hs

Mt

Pr

Pa

Nd

U

Pm

Np

Sm

Pu

Rh

2

80

48

30

79

47

29

78

110

46

28

81

49

31

82

50

32

83

51

33

84

52

34

85

53

35

86

54

36

13 14 15 16 17 18

5 6 7 8 9 10

19 20

11 12

3 4

1

21 22 23 24 25 26 27

37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44

55 56 72 73 74 75 76

87 88 104 105 106 107 108 109

45

77

4.003

26.982 28.086 30.974 32.066 35.453 39.94822.990 24.305

10.812 12.011 14.007 15.999 18.998 20.1806.941 9.012

1.008

65.3863.54658.693 69.723 72.64 74.922 78.96 79.904 83.79839.098 40.078 44.956 47.867 50.942 51.996 54.938 55.845 58.933

(281)(223) (226) (267) (268) (271) (272) (270) (276)

112.412107.868106.42 114.818 118.711 121.760 127.60 126.904 131.29485.468 87.62 88.906 91.224 92.906 95.96 (98) 101.07 102.906

200.59196.967195.085 204.383 207.2 208.980 (209) (210) (222)132.905 137.328 178.49 180.948 183.84 186.207 190.23 192.217

2

3

4

5

6

7

1

Lanthanide Series

Actinide Series

Ce

Th

Ytterbium

Nobelium

Thulium

Mendelevium

Erbium

Fermium

Holmium

Einsteinium

Dysprosium

Californium

Terbium

Berkelium

Gadolinium

Curium

Europium

Americium

Praseodymium

Protactinium

Neodymium

Uranium

Promethium

Neptunium

Samarium

Plutonium

Cerium

Thorium

70

102

69

101

68

100

67

99

66

98

65

97

64

96

63

95

59

91

60

92

61

93

62

94

58

90

173.055

(259)

168.934

(258)

167.259

(257)

164.930

(252)

162.500

(251)

158.925

(247)

157.25

(247)

151.964

(243)

140.908

231.036

144.242

238.029

(145)

(237)

150.36

(244)

140.116

232.038

I r

Helium

Aluminum Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine ArgonSodium Magnesium

Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine NeonLithium Beryllium

Hydrogen

ZincCopperNickel Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine KryptonPotassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt

CadmiumSilverPalladium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine XenonRubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium

MercuryGoldPlatinum Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine RadonCesium Barium Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium

Francium Radium Rutherfordium Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium Hassium Meitnerium

8B

Ds

Darmstadtium Roentgenium

111

Rg(280)

La

Ac

57

89

(227)

138.905Lanthanum

Actinium

Lu

Lr

Lutetium

Lawrencium

71

103

174.967

(262)

Updated Spring 2016

PERIODIC TABLE OF ELEMENTS

OTHS CHEMISTRY REFERENCE MATERIALS

Copernicium

112Cn(285)

Ununtrium

113Uut(284)

Flerovium

114Fl

(289)Ununpentium

115Uup(288)

Livermorium

116Lv(293)

Ununseptium

117Uus(294)

Ununoctium

118Uuo(294)

This reference and many more can be found at www.othsacademicchemistry.weebly.com10