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Other Ways of

Judging Assertions

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Oversimplified

An assertion that pays too littleheed to the intricacies of a

situation.To cause distortion or error by

extreme simplification of a subject

To simplify to the point of causingmisrepresentation, misconception.

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Examples:

1. Taxation is theft.

2. Tragedy is a dead form inthe twentieth century.

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Politics is the art of looking for

trouble, finding it everywhere,

diagnosing it incorrectly and

applying the wrong remedies.

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Trivial

The faults we have considered sofar all pervert the proper

relationship between assertion andfact.

It is not to question its accuracybut, quite the contrary, to claim thatit is so patently true as not todeserve mention.

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The fact it refers to is minor.

Little significance or value.

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Examples:

1. The Nevada atomic testing

grounds are closed to real estatedevelopment.

2. Children learn to talk by trial anderror.

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Irrelevant

Is an assertion that is off the issue

and pulls no weight and may eitherconfuse the reader or damage theargument.

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To the argument thatsocialized medicine is

wasteful and efficient,both doctors and patients

have a right to freedom.

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SC election is fast

approaching. Candidates arebusy studying for theirexam.

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Oblique

An oblique statement is one whose

relationship to the facts dependson a special understandingbetween writer and reader about

the use of words.

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Metaphor

The writer uses one ormore words in a nonliteral

sense.

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Example

A good editorial page is acourt of justice before whichpublic action stands trial daily.

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Her home was a prison.

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Ironic

Calls upon the reader to reject the literal

sense of the whole sentence and

substitute a contradictory one.

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Examples

An old man who turned ninety- eight wasso lucky that he won the lottery anddied the next day.

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We can be grateful to the cityfathers, whose judicious non-

enforcement of fire regulationshas so cheaply cleared ourslums and so efficiently dealtwith the problem ofoverpopulation.

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Tautological

A statement is a tautology if part of

it merely repeats another part, in the

guise of adding more information.

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Examples:

1. Penicillin cures because it has atherapeutic effect.

2. In my experience, every quadruped isa four-footed animal.

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3. Abortion is illegal because thelaw explicitly prohibits its

practice.

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Self-contradictory

The opposite to a tautology

A statement of which one part

conflicts with another, logically, or

otherwise

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Examples:

1. Iranians are mainly nomads, while

Persians are mainly farmers.

2. While positive foreign influences are

welcome and should be adopted, our

culture must remain purely Filipino.

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Foreigners should not beallowed to own land in the

Philippines since they are notcitizens of this country.

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Rallies and strikes should notbe allowed because they

scare tourists away and giveour country a negative image

abroad.

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If you are illiterate, then write

to us and we will send you afree of charge instructionbooklet on how to read.

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Garfield is a comic strip featuringthe cat Garfield who is an

overweight, lazy and orangecat. He was named Garfield after

his grandfather.

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The new movie was very

popular. People flocked to see it.

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Works Cited:

Dadufalza, C.D. (1996). Reading into writing 2: A handbook-workbook-reader or critical reading and writing in expository

discourse. Makati City: Bookmark.

Shinde, G. (2011). Tautology.Retrieved from February 25, 2013from http://www.buzzle.com/articles/tautology-

examples.html

Duddukuri, P. (2012). Paradox.Retrieved February 25, 2013 from

http://www.buzzle.com/articles/paradox-examples.html

http://www.buzzle.com/articles/tautology-http://www.buzzle.com/articles/paradox-examples.htmlhttp://www.buzzle.com/articles/paradox-examples.htmlhttp://www.buzzle.com/articles/paradox-examples.htmlhttp://www.buzzle.com/articles/paradox-examples.htmlhttp://www.buzzle.com/articles/tautology-http://www.buzzle.com/articles/tautology-

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Metaphor (2013). Accessed February 27,2013 fromhttp://www.englishclub.com/vocabulary/figures-metaphor.htm

Examples of irony (2012). AccessedFebruary 27, 2013 from

http://examples.yourdictionary.com/examples-of-irony.html

http://www.englishclub.com/vocabulary/figures-metaphor.htmhttp://www.englishclub.com/vocabulary/figures-metaphor.htmhttp://examples.yourdictionary.com/examples-of-irony.htmlhttp://examples.yourdictionary.com/examples-of-irony.htmlhttp://examples.yourdictionary.com/examples-of-irony.htmlhttp://examples.yourdictionary.com/examples-of-irony.htmlhttp://examples.yourdictionary.com/examples-of-irony.htmlhttp://examples.yourdictionary.com/examples-of-irony.htmlhttp://examples.yourdictionary.com/examples-of-irony.htmlhttp://examples.yourdictionary.com/examples-of-irony.htmlhttp://www.englishclub.com/vocabulary/figures-metaphor.htmhttp://www.englishclub.com/vocabulary/figures-metaphor.htmhttp://www.englishclub.com/vocabulary/figures-metaphor.htmhttp://www.englishclub.com/vocabulary/figures-metaphor.htm