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THE LOWER EXTREMITYTHE HIP AND THIGH REGIONS
OSTEOLOGY OF THE HIP AND THIGH REGIONS
THE LOWER EXTREMITY
• FUNCTIONS: -Support body weight -Propulsion/locomotion -Maintain equilibrium
THE LOWER EXTREMITY
FOUR REGIONS OF THE LOWER LIMB 1. Hip 2. Thigh 3. Leg 4. Foot
THE PELVIC GIRDLE (THE INNOMINATE BONE)
KNOW THE FF: 1. What are the bones that composed the pelvic girdle? 2. What is the pelvis? What are the structures that composed the pelvis? 3. What are the bones that composed the pelvic (or coxal) bone at birth? 4. What is the symphysis pubis? Where is it located 5. What is the acetabulum?
THE PELVIC GIRDLE
INFERIOR VIEW OF THE PELVIC RING. OBSERVE THE FF: 1. The inferior pubic rami anteriorly 2. The prominent ischial tuberosities on both sides 3. The sacrum and the coccyx
THE LOWER EXTREMITY: THE PELVIC GIRDLE
THE HIP BONE (lateral view)
THE HIP BONE (medial view)
THE LOWER EXTREMITY: THE PELVIC GIRDLE
LATERAL SURFACE OF THE ALAFeatures: the gluteal linesISCHIUM: Features: -Body -Ramus of the ischium -Ischiopubic ramus -Obturator foramen -Greater Sciatic notch -Ischial spine -lesser sciatic notch -Ischial tuberosity
THE LOWER EXTREMITY: THE PELVIC GIRDLE
THE ILIUMFeatures: -Ala -iliac crest -iliac tubercle -Anterior superior iliac spine -anterior inferior iliac spine -posterior superior iliac spineLateral side of iliac bone: gluteal
linesMedial side of iliac bone: Iliac fossa
THE LOWER EXTREMITY: THE PELVIC GIRDLE
THE PELVIS
THE PUBIC BONEFEATURES: -Body of pubis -Symphysis pubis -Pubic crest -Pubic tubercles -Superior ramus -Pectin pubis (pectineal line)
THE LOWER EXTREMITY: THE PELVIC GIRDLE
THE OBTURATOR FORAMEN, OBTURATOR CANAL, THE GREATER SCIATIC NOTCH, AND THE LESSER SCIATIC NOTCH (MEDIAL VIEW)
LATERAL VIEW OF THE PELVIS SHOWING THE ACETABULUM, OBTURATOR FORAMEN, GREATER AND LESSER SCIATIC NOTCH
THE LOWER EXTREMITY
REGIONAL AND CLINICAL ANATOMYTHE HIP AND THIGH
ANTERIOR SIDE OF THE FEMUR POSTERIOR SIDE OF THE FEMUR
REGIONAL AND CLINICAL ANATOMYTHE HIP AND THIGH
THE LOWER EXTREMITYTHE HIP AND THIGH
THE FEMUR OSTEOLOGIC FEATURES
Femoral headFemoral neck -Angle of inclination -Torsion angleShaft of the femur -Intertrochanteric line -Greater trochanter -Lesser trochanter -Linea aspera -Pectineal (spiral) line -gluteal tuberosity -Adductor tubercle
REGIONAL AND CLINICAL ANATOMYTHE HIP AND THIGH
REGIONAL AND CLINICAL ANATOMYTHE HIP AND THIGH
REGIONAL AND CLINICAL ANATOMYTHE HIP AND THIGH
• TORSION ANGLE of FEMUR - describes the relative
rotation(or twist that exists between the shaft of and neck of femur
-Normal torsion angle (called as normal anteversion): 10- 15 degrees
-Excessive anteversion -Retroversion
REGIONAL AND CLINICAL ANATOMYTHE HIP AND THIGH
NORMAL TORSION ANGLE (or, NORMAL ANTEVERSION EXCESSIVE ANTEVERSION
REGIONAL AND CLINICAL ANATOMYTHE HIP AND THIGH
NORMAL FEMORAL ANTEVERSION FEMORAL RETROVERSION
REGIONAL AND CLINICAL ANATOMYTHE HIP AND THIGH
INTERNAL STRUCTURE OF THE PROXIMAL FEMUR
A FRONTAL PLANE CROSS-SECTION SHOWING THE INTERNAL ARCHITECTURE OF THE PROXIMAL FEMUR
• TWO BONE COMPOSITION -Compact bone -Cancellous bone -trabecular networks -medial trabecular network -arcuate trabecular
network
REGIONAL AND CLINICAL ANATOMYTHE HIP AND THIGH
THE HIP JOINT
REGIONAL AND CLINICAL ANATOMYTHE HIP AND THIGH
THE HIP JOINTS IN RELATION TO THE INGUINAL LIGAMENTS
THE HIP IS OPENED TO EXPOSE ITS INTERNAL COMPONENT
REGIONAL AND CLINICAL ANATOMYTHE HIP AND THIGH
THE ACETABULUM THE HIP JOINT
• JOINT FEATURES-deep, hemispheric cup-like
socket-acetabular notch-transverse acetabular
ligament-acetabular labrum-lunate surface-acetabular fossa
REGIONAL AND CLINICAL ANATOMYTHE HIP AND THIGH
CAPSULE AND LIGAMENTS OF THE HIP LIGAMENTS OF THE HIP
FEATURES -Capsule -longitudinal fibers -Circular fibers known as
Zona Orbicularis -Synovial membraneLigaments: -Iliofemoral -Pubofemoral -Ischiofemoral
REGIONAL AND CLINICAL ANATOMYTHE HIP AND THIGH
CORONAL SECTION OF THE HIP JOINT
REGIONAL AND CLINICAL ANATOMYTHE HIP AND THIGH
ANTERIOR VIEW OF THE HIP SHOWING THE ANTERIOR CAPSULE
REGIONAL AND CLINICAL ANATOMYTHE HIP AND THIGH
POSTERIOR ASPECT OF THE HIP
REGIONAL AND CLINICAL ANATOMYTHE HIP AND THIGH
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