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redd+ in Brazil: towards a national architecture
May 2013 by Natalie Unterstell, Ministry of Environment
Outline of THIS presentation
Where are we now: insights about the REDD+ national architecture
Where are we heading to
Where are we coming from: how we see REDD+ and how the national context looks like
Outline of THIS presentation
1 Good News!
2
3 Where are we now: insights about the REDD+ national architecture
4Where are we heading to
Where are we coming from: how we see REDD+ and how the national context looks like
“Deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon is down by a whopping 78% from its recent high in 2004. If Brazil can maintain that
progress, it would be the biggest environmental success story in decades, and would set an example to other countries that
want to protect their tropical forests.” (Editorial, 7 June 2012)
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Is this a miracle? A GOOD CIRCUMSTANCE?
is god brazilian?
why? prices or policies? 1
prices or policies?1
Deforestation Slowdown in the Legal Amazon: Prices or Policies?
http://www. climatepolicyinitiative.org
policies1
Deforestation Slowdown in the Legal Amazon: Prices or Policies?
http://www. climatepolicyinitiative.org
“Our analysis shows that approximately half of the deforestation that was avoided in the Amazon in the 2005 through 2009 period can be attributed to conservation policies introduced in the second half of the 2000s. This is equivalent to an avoided loss of 62,000 km2 of forest area, or approximately 620 million tons of stored C (2.3 billion tons of stored CO2), which our estimates value at US$ 11.5 billion US dollars.” (Pinho et al., 2012)
Where are we coming from ?
2
1988 2002 2004 2006 2008 2009 2010 2012
Plan to Control Deforestation in the Amazon
National Climate Change Plan + reduction goals
Amazon Fund
Forest Code
Climate Change Fund
National Climate Change Policy
Forest Management Law
Plan to Control Deforestation and Forest Fires in the Cerrado
INPE starts monitoring forest cover in the Amazon
National Protected Areas System
New Constitution
NAMAs
National context
National Climate Change Policy
NAMAssubmitted to the UNFCCC
Sectoral Plans9 areas
Funding Instrumentsunder development
Brazilian Emissions Reduction Marketunder design
Emissions projected for 2020:3.236 mi tCO2eqReduction goal:Between 1.168
mi tCO2eq and 1.259 mi tCO2eq
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brazil’s policy context2
National context
National Climate Change Policy
NAMAssubmitted to the UNFCCC
Sectoral Plans9 areas
Funding Instrumentsunder development
Brazilian Emissions Reduction Marketunder design
2
Where are we coming from ?
2
“By 2020, Brazil will reduce deforestation by 80% relative to
2005.” (pres. Lula in Copenhagen COP-15)
National ARCHITECTURE
National Climate Change Policy
NAMAssubmitted to the UNFCCC
Sectoral Plans9 areas
Funding Instrumentsunder development
Brazilian Emissions Reduction Marketunder design
overseendesignedapprovedmonitoredevaluated
Inter-ministerial Committee on Climate Change (CIM)
Executive Group on Climate Change (GEx)
Brazilian Forum on Climate Change (FBMC)
by
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National ARCHITECTURE
REDD+ related actions @ NCCP
Plan to Control Deforestation in the Amazon
Plan to Control Deforestationin Cerrado
Low Emissions Agriculture Plan
Forest restoration actions
each onehas its
own governancestructure
andevolving
MRVstandards
High Level Group + Executive Body + subnational plans
High Level Group + Executive Body
National Committee + Executive Group +
Subnational Committees
Implementing arrangements
3
National Climate Change Funding Instruments
National Climate Change Fundbudgetary
Amazon Fundseparate
STRATEGIC GOAL: promote sustainable development of the Amazon region and its peoples
CREATED IN: 2008, by Presidential Decree
STATUS: operative; undertermined lifespanAGENT: BNDES
MAIN SOURCE: payments for verified results (extra-budgetary source)
MODALITIES: non-reimbursables
SCOPE: Amazon region and 20% on monitoring projects in other biomes and other developing countriesMRV: TIED TO REGIONAL (AMAZON BIOME) RESULTS
STRATEGIC GOALS: enable the achievement of national CC mitigation targets + reduce vulnerability to CC negative impacts + prepare for a low carbon economy.
CREATED IN: 2009, by Law 12187/2009 and regulated by DecreeSTATUS: operative; undertermined lifespanAGENT: MMA and BNDESMAIN SOURCE: proceeds of oil revenues (budgetary source)
MODALITIES: non-reimbursables and reimbursables
SCOPE: national; complementary to Amazon Fund.MRV: UNDER DEVELOPMENT, TIED TO SPECIFIC PROJECTS.
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National architecture
REDD+ related
Fund
Governance body
3
national contextInstitutional arrangements as
crucial to enable REDD+ results
Quantified goals
Reference levels
PPCDs
Sectoral Plans
Monitoring and MRV
Verified results
Institutional arrangement
Financial vehicles/fiduciary agents
Allocation of units
Resources
REDD+ actions
Donors/Partners
Diplomas
Safeguards
Objectives and Guidance
National Climate Change Policy
Sectoral Plans
PPCDs
Reference levels
NAMAs
Institutional arrangements
REDD+ actions
Funding instruments (financial vehicles/fiduciary agents)
Monitoring and MRV
Verified results
Objectives & Guidance
Financial needs & prioritiesSafeguards
Resources
Donors/partners
Diplomas
3
national REDD+ architecture
• Enable permanence of emissions reductions achieved (results)
• Enable new emission reductions (national 2020 goals)
• Mobilize resources & actors ambitiously (as determined by the NCCP)
• Strenghten governance, through the role of subnational governments and non-governmental actors
OBJECTIVES
3
national REDD+ architecture
• Build on relevant forest policy and climate change governance arrangements;
• Provide clear additional roles to existing institutions;
• Be national, not federal;
• Be transparent, flexible and allow for improvements over time, according to advancements in the international negotiations;
• Maintain the focus on emission reductions and increase of forest carbon stocks;
• Prevent fragmentation of policies related to REDD+, who need greater integration of sectoral approaches and scale of implementation;
• Ensure equity and transparency throughout its design and implementation
PRINCIPLES
3
national REDD+ architecture
• 1. High-level Committee/Executive Body/Multistakeholder Forum on Climate Change
• 2. Executive Team/Secretariat
• 3.Cadre of Financial Vehicles, Fiduciary Agents and Thematic Windows
• 4. Implementing entities
• 5. Monitoring and MRV
PIECES
3
national REDD+ architecture
• Enable the implementation of REDD+ instruments, in accordance with provisions of UNFCCC decisions;
• Enable participation in results-based finance schemes, based on national monitoring and MRV;
• Ensure a national accounting system and avoid double counting/double selling of results;
• Optimize the carbon benefits associated with the implementation of REDD+ related policies;
• Allocate resources and provide direct incentives to protect and restore forests;
• Harmonize policy and actions at various levels (federal, state, municipality).
FUNCTIONS
3
national REDD+ architecture
• FORM FOLLOWs FUNCTION.
• NOT REPLICATE INSTITUTIONS AT VARIOUS LEVELS IF WE CAN HAVE A NATIONAL FRAMING: CENTRALIZATION CAN BE COST_EFFECTIVE IN SOME CASES, like MRV.
• Stakeholder engagement and participation
IDEAS...
3
WHERE ARE WE HEADING TO?
• National REDD+ Strategy
• International architecture
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National redd+ strategy
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Connect Brazilian mitigation actions related to forests with the implementation of the Climate Convention/UNFCCC
Strategy to integrate climate change and forests policy and initiatives @ national context
Where are WE NOW?
Inventário Florestal Nacional
Inventário Nacional de Emissões
Congress
Inventário Florestal Nacional
REDD+ bill in the Senate
REDD+ bill in the Lower House
PES bill
Forest Code regulations
Sensoriamento remoto
Inventário Florestal Nacional
Inventário Nacional de Emissões
Subnational level
Amazonas
Acre
São Paulo
Mato Grosso
Voluntary initiatives
Indigenous peoples
Private lands
Protected areas
Local Communities
1. Studies (2010 – 2012)2. Multistakeholder dialogue (2010)
3. Inter-ministerial working group (2011): Agrarian Development + Agriculture + Science and Technology + Environment + External Relations + Finance + Indigenous Protection Agency +
Planning and Budget + Strategic Affairs + Chief of Staff of the Presidency4. Report to the GEx (Dec 2011)
5. First version (April 2012)6. Technical negotiations (2012)
7.Task Force with Amazon States (Aug-Nov 2012)8.Final presentation to the GEx (Feb 2013)9. High Level consultations (ongoing)
10. Public consultations11.Approval
Federal Government
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national REDD+
architecture- The Amazon Fund as a biome-
scale REDD instrument; not federal, but open to all actors with
good proposals to develop the Amazon sustainably
- Actions on the ground as well as policies at various levels receiving
Amazon Fund support
- National Climate Change Fund: complements the AF supporting
actions in other biomes; reimbursables
-
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Source: REDD+ Tracking Funds, 2013.
REDD+
REDD
RED
Amazon FundPlans to Control Deforestation
Forest degradation monitoring
and incentives tied to land
use
Positive incentives to forest
protection and
restoration, forest
assets, etc.
4• Implementation of the Forest Code with
climate change mitigation concerns
• Integrated action for deforestation and forest degradation control
• Positive incentives
international context
• Adequate, predictable and sustainable support to developing countries
• Need to move from interim architecture to a UNFCCC one
• Green Climate Fund as key element
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http://unfccc.int/files/documentation/submissions_from_parties/application/pdf/brazil_redd.pdf
Extra
Avoiding emissions will always be faster and more cost-effective than other actions in the short run. Brazil 2006-2020: control of deforestation in critical biomes and
areas. Once reductions occur, it is necessary to sustain it or enhance
forest carbon stocks. This requires high investment in the short run and implies in maintenance costs in the long run. Brazil 2013-2020: can invest RED-resources in actions with effect
in the long run and support the implementation of the Forest Code. SFM is always the best strategy in the long run, as it adds value
to the standing forest. Without a broad vision over strenghtening forest economy, results
and investments in REDD+ can lose effectiveness and durability.
In short...4
Increased participation of scientists, civil society, NGOs and media in the debate on deforestation
= empowerment
how we see redd+
• Mitigation and adaptation
• Results-based finance
• Safeguards
• National
• Multiple functions of forests and other ecosystems
1