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ORIGINS OF ORIGINS OF HINDUISMHINDUISM
Origins of HinduismThe Big Idea
Hinduism, the largest religion in India today, developed out of ancient Indian beliefs and
practices.
Main Ideas
• Indian society was divided into distinct groups under the Aryans.
• The Aryans practiced a religion known as Brahmanism.
• Hinduism developed out of Brahmanism and influences from other cultures.
HINDUISM:HINDUISM: The The main religion of main religion of India that grew India that grew
out of the beliefs out of the beliefs of the ancient of the ancient
Aryan peoples; it Aryan peoples; it teaches that teaches that
everything is part everything is part of a universal of a universal spirit called spirit called Brahman.Brahman.
Vocabulary
VedasVedas:“Books :“Books of Knowledge.” of Knowledge.”
These were These were the ancient the ancient
books of sacred books of sacred poems, hymns, poems, hymns,
myths, and myths, and rituals on rituals on
which much of which much of Hinduism isHinduism is
based.based.
Vocabulary
The Varnas•Aryan society was divided into groups
•Groups organized by occupation
•Strict rules about how people could interact
The Varnas
Brahmins: Priests Kshatriyas: Rulers and Warriors
Vaisyas: Farmers, craftspeople and traders
Sudras: Workers and servants
Individuals
• Place in society based on birth, wealth, or occupation
• 3,000 castes once existed in India.
• Individuals could rarely change castes.
Caste Rules
• Sutras (guides) listed all the rules for the caste system.
• Breaking rules resulted in a transfer to a lower caste.
Caste System
Brahmanism
• Aryan priests were called Brahmins.
Vedic Texts
•Brahmins wrote thoughts about Vedas called Vedic Texts
•Vedic texts describe rituals
•Upanishads
Brahmanism
Evolving Beliefs
The Vedas, Upanishads,
and other Vedic texts
began blending
with beliefs from
different cultures, creating
Hinduism.
Hinduism Beliefs
• Universal spirit-Brahman created the universe and everything in it. Everything in the world is part of Brahman.
•Every person has a soul or atman that will eventually join with Brahman.
•People’s souls are reincarnated many times before they can join with Brahman.
•A person’s karma affects how he or she will be reincarnated.
Hindu BeliefsHindu Beliefs
BrahmaBrahma
““The The Creator” One Creator” One
god who is god who is everywhere everywhere
and in and in everyone and everyone and everything. everything.
His four faces His four faces symbolize the symbolize the
four Vedasfour Vedas..
Hindu BeliefsHindu Beliefs
Siva:Siva: (Shiva)(Shiva)
Siva isSiva is the the destroyer of destroyer of
monster monster enemies. Siva is enemies. Siva is dancing on the dancing on the
back of a demon back of a demon he has defeated.he has defeated.
Hindu Beliefs
Vishnu
•Preserver
•Symbols of his power and greatness:
•Conch shell
•mace
•discus
Hindu Beliefs
Reincarnation
Life and Rebirth•Every person has a soul or atman that will eventually join with Brahman.
•People’s souls are reincarnated many times before they can join with Brahman.
•Reincarnation: A belief that souls are born and reborn many times, each time into a
new body. People move in a constant cycle of birth, death, and rebirth. Form of rebirth
depends upon your karma.
Hinduism and the Caste Hinduism and the Caste SystemSystem
Karma: The effects that good or bad actions have on a person’s soul. What a person does in one life influences the caste that person will be born into in the next life.
Hinduism and the Caste System
Karma
•Good actions build good karma and people are born into a higher caste
•Evil actions build bad karma and people are born into a lower caste
Moksha
•Good karma will bring salvation or freedom from life’s worries and the continual cycle of rebirth
Dharma
•Accept your place in the world without complaint
•Builds good karma
•Preserves the caste system
Hinduism became the starting point for another
world religion.
Buddhism
Review
1. What are the varnas. Name the 4 varnas.
2. What is the caste system based upon?
3. What happens if you break the rules of your caste?
4. What is Brahmanism?
5. What are the sacred texts of Hinduism?
6. What is Brahman?
7. Define the following:
• atman
• karma
•reincarnation
•moksha
•dharma
Jainism•Based on the teachings of Mahavira
•Kshatriya-unhappy with control of religion by Brahmins
•Too much ritual
•Gave up luxury and became a monk
•Established the principles of Jainism
The Four Principles
•Injure no life
•Tell the truth
•Do not steal
•Own no property
Jains Practice Nonviolence
• Everything is part of the cycle of rebirth
•No injuring or killing of any creature-humans, insects, animals, plants
•Vegetarians
Mohandas Ghandi
Ghandi led a long, nonviolent
struggle against British rule in
India. This helped India win
independence from Britain in
1947.
Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.
Dr. King adopted Ghandi’s nonviolent
methods in his struggle to win civil
rights for African Americans.
Cesar Chavez
In the 1960’s Cesar Chavez organized a campaign of
nonviolence to protest the
treatment of farm workers in California.