ORIGINAL:*- ENGLISH '. W -th?'. thth th' . • • NATO RESTRICTED. 12th AprilV 1957 -.. NC • NC NC • • WORivIUG PAPER

' - r ; . • AC/ 52-v<P/ 3à ( Rev i s ed ) , -NC

Wth- ..COMMITTEE- ON IUFORMATIONNC-ENCD CIJLTURiAL - RELATIONS ' - , , - :,i/ ,

.' " NC " HUNGARIAN REFUGEE • STUDENTS ' th - .. - NCWththNC'

" ' 'a Revised Dra f t Report NC NC -, /NC

-I. '' INTRODUCTION th , th NC- / / . ' 'NC , ththth

, NC NC.; NC TheWsub j'ect'ithf; Hungarian .refugee' s tudents was ra ised, i n the .--.Committee-:by the .United-States De lega t ion i n December 195th-NC I n it'sNCnote- (AC/52-D/215)/ the United. S ta tes . De lega t ion ' s t a t e d / i t s b e l i e f "ShatL the member/countr ies • of. .NATO have an in-t er est I h NCthe-'continued• .universi ty-. . tra in ing o f these refugee -student's ahdWthat' NATO might :assi 'st -Ehem/inVtwo ways; (th - by s t imu l a t i ng . I n t e r e s t / I n -the problem, and.' (2) . thy-gather ing and.- shar ing ' information-En-i t h e / / extent and character "'of,-, the, need and, pn .the p l ans /be i ng made-'or' ,. uhderway by -governmental.and non-governmental ,agencies i n eäehth country . ... -"'"thNC • ''" NCth i '' ' 1 NCv' NC^ m

2. -: "The Committee inNCsubsequent meet ings agreed; ( l ) Wthsit / / . de l ega t i ons should-provide the: Secre tar ia t " v/ith f a c t u a l r l n f o r m a t i o n about- the Hungarian. refugee s t u d e n t s / and (2)". that-E repo r t ; on the . ove ra l l s i t u a t i o n of these students- should be drafted-EOr theW NC: Committee ' s c ons i de r a t i o n , ALaseNC as -Ear- as -possible'- on -the out l ine," c i r c u l a t e d -Ey t h e UhiWed S ta tes De lega t ion (AC/52-WP/33). ' "NC NC

NC 3. ' •" This, repor t i s based on; ( l ) an in terv iew' -with, o f f i c i a l s , o f ' the World Un i ve r s i t y Service at Geneva and' (2) . in format ion NC- /

'prov ided by de legat ions-about the . s i t ua t i on ' ' Ih-some, member, th Wth NC NC c oun t r i e s , most of- it- re la t ing- to t he f i r s t two months c f 1957.'' Wth

: 4.NC I t i s hoped tha t , „ th i s r epo r t , a l t h ough / l e s s complete than the . o u t l i n e o r i g i n a l l y , agreed by the"Committee, may make ItiNCrNC poss i b l e t o see- what remains' t q . b e "done t o so lve the/problems oiWNC Hungarian refugee s tudents before- the beg inn ing ' o f ' t h e nextracadCmi year . /th.- • '- NC th ; -NC - NCr : ^ th." . /"'NC NC

II.NC AUSTRIA AND JUGOSLAVIA - '/NC NC -NCA ., th. / / - 'NCthAALth

Austr ia" NCW - ;.NC :NC '-NC /'AW.

5. ' NC The World, Un ivers i t y Serv ice gives -Erie number of NC NC • .-Hungar-Ean -Ee-Eagee NCstudents i n A u s t r i a at I l t h -March as 'about th.,300.NC Eight- hundred--of ' them. v;ish to continue- t h e i r studies'' i n Austr ia , : andAL,500 -En•-others coun t r i e s . ..-• NC ,,. -ENC NC-.

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TATO RESTRICTED i -E " v-E2-A-E / NC v.- NC -NChth WNC kC/52-WP/3-E(Revised ') NCi NC NC / , NC NC NC / N C - N C t h N C x N C N C v '

NC. Since t h e b OginhIngNCpf-NC the -Exodus-' WUSi- est imates t h a t '-NC - NC' about 7'.pop; of NC the .-174,000^ odd'..refugees "who-, have entered' Au s t r i a * i re student's. i . e , peoplev->v/hp.we're,NCalready,. s tudy ing at aNCuniversity/NC or ".verü' ready tpthNCgister Wathone. - - ' r - '' •'"

Students -wishing .to remalhthn Aus t r i a -NC ., 'NC NC

7'W About NC'50ONCof the NCoQO students wishing-Eo study i n Aus t r i a * stand to: benefit,-.from; the,- gp'antNC made NCfor"' t h i s -purpose -by . the'. NC'' Rockefeller Foundation:NCtNCoNCtheNCNCAustrian/authorities.:NC .Reg i s t r a t i on for Rocke fe l l e r ; s cho l a r sh i p s .has begun .-..but-- the scheme- appears to :NC' l i m i t e d ' bythhe number, NCfplaces a v a i l a b l e i n Aus t r i a n - /-NC ; NC- NC i n i v e r s i t i e s ' and by . cer ta in , p sycho l og i ca l factors ' on'the.-..part'"' of..-.-• ;he Counc i l of NC Un ivers i ty . -Eect'ors andNC student Woodies. > ,, NC There i s said to' be some 're luctance -in these m i l i eux t o admit' NClarge- NChumb er s' - :i >f Hungarian - student's;. as ../permanent - and , 'because 'of-, the/poverty o f Aac average. Aus t r i an " student ,'• even' p r i v i l e g e d NCmembersNC o f the-NC. NC NC , NC, Austr ian 1student ' c o rpo ra t i on . ' W NCNC\ >

8. However, even I f NC t h e ' Ro cke f e l l e r NCgrantr were admin is tered NCthn optimum f ashi-oh ..there NCemainsNC the . prob lem'o f the NCOO or so ' refugee s tudents NCwhoNC have e lec ted-to ; s tay i n Aus t r i a and -Ebri whom-, NC WNCNCNC- i c at present ;no p r o v i s i o n . NC -NC' -E ' -EA' .NC/ ,/NC

Students v;ho wish", to ALeave .-Austria' ; --- • , •--.,

9-. ., About 53 O NCf NCthe.,1,500-refugee ; student s • who wish -EoNC study a i u t s i de Au s t r ia . , may'- b ene f i t throm/the "'Ford' Foundat ion Scho larsh ip -Programme. ' The NCeholathhIpsare; t enab le at u n i v e r s i t i e s ' i n European coun t r ies other- ALhariNC Aus t r i a . ' NC NCc NC'NC th

-EO.' : The World Univers i ty . -Service*reportedNCNCin theNCmiddIe -NCf larch t ha t a - l a r g e NCnunfuor NCf - these NCs tùdent s NCere anxious, t o th tudy r. Germany and-, t h a t U n t i l they .knew-whether, they would be permi t ted .0 go there" they 'were' -UnwlllingNC t o reg is ter '- for . o t h e r c o u n t r i e s . .-.

I l i -NCThree-Eiundrod and t h i r t y Students only-have-registered,-.- NCNC.'''' 1 th " WUS f o r Ford 'NC Sch'pl ar-ships -:r the- remainder 'continue'; to c l ing, , -, gai.nst '/cons.idèrdbl Ottlern ont overseas./NC -. Nat iona l , educa t ion NCauthorItles/^particularly n France- and NCermdnyi, • a re /becdrn lhgrs t r i c ter with".'-r ega'rdft6 : the. NC ,-cademic q u a l i f i c a t i o n s -Ef,''the/student's; arid consequent ly NCUS i s NC , NC" indir ig -Et ' i nc reas ing ly ' -di'f f i cult to1 obta in- s u f f i c i e n t . s t uden t s to ' eet the, s tandards requ i red . ' NC -thth NC

•NC- ' ' • • .NC' .NC1 NC" th ' NCr ' • •" • ""''W ' - NCNC NCv . r NC,.v . - .•• A j», '- • NC • NC -. 12. I n . addition-;.to NCtheNC-EordNC Foundatthri.. schem'è NCUSNCsaid -that; /'.-,'

wed en has- NCdmittedALOO-:-student's,iNC.including severa l t u b e r c u l a r NC ases; 86, StudNCntsiNC werNC . oarmar-Eed: -EörW the NCnitedNCtates NCbu-E-Et r NC r NC as u n l i k e l y NCthatpthey- wo.uldNC.beNCadmitted fi)-13O . f örCanada';': NC3O ! for NCNCNC NC iNCnceNC. and aO fo r Argen t i na . -E-E W- NCNCNC- -E -„NC,-NCth

- 13.- NC The i s i t u â t ion NC of -EtudentsNCIn Austr ia '-at the - midd le ' of- -'NC NC

I ) WUS hope tha t - CaNCada'" wlllNCNC take-i-theseNC 86 students . .

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/-3-: - : • •• NATO RESTRICTED .7 AC/52-WP/34 ( Revised)

March was therefore' as f o l l ows : / ./.NC NC / . NCL -'NCWNC

(a) 800 Hungarian'refugee'students-wish to remain i n NC • - ' ' Au s t r i a . F ive hundred of. them should' receive"

NC/ grantSAfrom NChe Rbckefe l le rALoundat lon ; A /NC/. - ,

(b) iAL,500/wish to l eave /Aus t r i a . ' . 1 OfAthese ;530 could . reço ive Ford founda t ion- Scho la rsh ips , and ,386 NC -L

/'-have accep ted /o f fe rs ' from other c oun t r i e s . W NC.NC:

/ ( c ) NCTherei are-NCtherefOre 'about. 6OO refugee: studentsNC .NC NC • / who WlshAtOLleaveALustrla, and'NCOO who- wish to /NC,//

remain,'NCor whom vacancies a n d / f i n a n c i a l support NC'

have s t i l l t o be found./ NC •- / ' ^ E

Jugoslavia 'NC L E A A" - A A: L W ' 14;. There NCreL5OO ; s tuden ts /among/the Hungarian, refugees'- in-<

J u g o s l a v i a , :. accord ingLto WUSA' A. Three hundred of these hayev -NC NC i n t e r r u p t e d NCheir Ls tud ies" and NCOO were-.ready to . enter , a u n i v e r s i t y . I t . can bei assumed'/t ha t i none' of these NCstudents ; wish, to .remain- i n . ' J ugos lav ia .A' /NC , - 'iL- -' •"•,-' / 'NC; .:/ .. •• ' NC i /NC ''"" v " ' . L NCNC1 " ' •'' -Ev-'

••" 15;- ' WUS ho'oe. t ha th t he i r,- J ugcs l av nàt i onal;- commi t tee: may: be a>ïe to c o l l e c t t he s t uden t s- i n t o one cen t ré- for r e g i s t r a t i o n NCnd-processing,", bu t< * no NCimovev. can ; -b e" mad e Lw i t houth the. permi ss I on. of >; t he • •Jugoslav NCauthoritles/ which" was s t i l l -not for thcoming at t h e ?end/ ; of March. • /NC NC' /NC'- - --:-. .,/.-/ " -• - ./ -NCNC .-NC-'NC NC ' A --

'..' 16. - The Co l lege ' o f FreeL Europe ht- Strasbourg has i n d i c a t ed / ;, t h a t i t /wou l d provide/approximately/2.00 , scho la rsh ips /a t ,Suropean /A u n i v e r s i t i e s i f o r -the* students,: i n : J u g o s l a v i a . : NC No cOther : offer for them has'-been NCniade-but WUSii s-hoping NC t'o'.ibe able' to persuade the Ford Foundat ion - t o t r a n s f e r -some NCf -the scholarships; , f o r refugee s t u d e n t s i n NC Austr ia,.-toi those NCi I n / J u g o s l a v i a . / - I n / t h e meanwhileNC ; the s tuden ts there are becoming-.nervous and d i f f i c u l t to hand le .

NC A, > 17. AsNCn ivers i t i^ s- in bo th Europe and North America probably:, are reaching/ saturationEpoirrtNC-WUSL.think/that - openings -for the s tudents : now in.NC J ugos l a v i a " should be sought i n RLnodesia, ,:/ . / Uganda ' and Lat i n 'Amer i c a, NCW- •.//// -:, -:/ 'NC/ • NCNC/ -, / NC 'NC

I I I . USmBER- COUNTRIES ' /";/ -//NC/ .NC NC'' , .'NC/NC' ' '.A"//.'.,:/

BelgiumENC NC- •'• ' "' //WNC-NC -//A ' NC'NCNC --NC'-. ,/ 'NCA " ; -".NC : ' ' "' ' 1 . • -1 L -''NCA-,/ - L'. '•>'••i •' ' '-NC-Wi \ N s' 18. AsAof I s t Februaryy: i-1957, / t he re : wore 75 Hungarian,

refugee NCtudents.. InALolgium,NCi 6 / r e g i s t e r e d NCtALouvain -/Catholic ; / / Un i ve r s i t y and 8 a t Brusse l s Un i v e r s i t y . -NCNC : NC *. NC , A / / ' ; ' / 1

NC ' '/NC ---NC. Arrangerrients,/were "bèIng -made - to receive-'- 35/more -students

Canada NCE-NC NCA' 'NCvNCNC- //NC W,V '-1W. ' "NC NC NC NC

19. At the : midd le 'of -' J anua ry / 1957» 60 s tudents ' had been--/ . g iven scho l a rsh ips NCt -17 , CanadianNCuniversi t iesr i L / , 'NCiNC A'"

-3- - - NATO RESTRICTED NC-NC. NC ,--,1, ,.

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ATP RESTRICTEDW Wlv -4-.0/52-WP/34( Revised) _

NC..'; Ini;addition:;.toAthe/don?|itionAof;ALndividuar s cho l a r sh i p s A here v/ere two p r o j e c t s NCf or t h e : e s t a b I i shmenti o f ..portion's o f the , . a c u i t y and s tudent body of-Soprcn Un i v e r s i t y : ,, U "-'NC NCNC

(a)-" 28O;:persons/ : cons is t ing , ;o f . 200. s t u den t s , 19, W LNC ï A ':/,professors/and/6NC dependents are . 'be ing accommodated1

/ , a , a t ; a Powcll NCiver , Company; cons t ruc t i on ' camp 80-NC NC / ./ milesNCnorthNC of'NCVancouver wherNCNCthey NCare be ing NC - a

Apreparcd'Wfor entry/ t 'o NCtheNCniversity ofNCritishNCA Columbia next autumn. .NC,-'". 'A' . ENC LL 'NC,E ' '"NC.-L:

(b) ALIO, s tuden ts f r o m , f i v e , other . ' f a cu l t i e s of.'-Soprcin NCNCW •"- L' •' NC, Un ivers i tyLhave b e en ;.e"s t ab I i she d i n Toronto,, where

NC/ .,,."•-, they are'NCeing-prepared f o r en t ry to the Un ive rs i t y - L .'NCNC, t.aere. "NCANCNC; NC.. ANC > •/'.-/ ---NC.NC. a

snmarkW - --"A1- ANC ; NC', " -NCNCNC-20 / As atNCOth FébrùaryLtherèLwere 17 Hungar ian re fugee * ,•

tuàents in'NCDenmarkNC NCAllNCwho/have?,expressed a wish to . con t inue i c i r s tud iecWthere have-been g i v e n ' a i d to de so. .. NC WNC"'

.../. ALh- addit ' ionJt iheL1For d.Fdundeitionv has-^offered to pay forL'-Le s t u d i e SAin.' Denmark v o f A2O Hungari ah-Student s/.,14 of whom iw'ere--' '/"•.--elected, by the end -.of. March. .NC ,,The. number o f Hungarian refugee sudcnts'Lwhp "might? cont inuewthe , ctonded.NCo NCO i f otheri^co.untriesNCareNCimable NCo . u t i l i s e ' -ful ly the / io ta o f f e red thérrrunder the FordLprogramme..- : . , ' A

vmce , L;/ Ll' A L1-' '"W'L'NC E • .. . • '.'

'NClA On 15 t h J anua ry • there . were L 249 Hungarian' re fugee s tudents L France,.; 130NCin P a r i s NCndAL19ALn the p rov i nces , ; c h i e f l y i n Lyons, id S t rasbourg . LNCANCZNC '"'/A •' ' NC, NC --= ENC

ider-al German Republic

22..-NC, Up to I s t February, L990 Hungarian' re fugee s tudents '.had"'; ' ;en r eg i s t e r ed - at NCWest ; German NCaniversities-. NC Of - the "921 about Lom detailed,AinformatIOn:-was a v a i l a b l e 507 .are - mehandAL14Awomen;:i ' :.3 ; are . .unmarried, 07,; mar r i ed , 10 d ivorced and. one, a widower . ,1/' were born ALetwe en;AL917 LNCnd' 1941 NC ""-NC ',, l / " ' NC " NC "W'NC. 'NC'NC0

NC A / f u r t h e r 1 7 5 sttidents'were/toNCNCter Gerniany under the rd ' s c ho l a r sh i p ; scheme. ••". A L •' .NC NC-''' ' NC W

EW" ,NC NCNCf Lthe '-tota l NCuiriber NC of. s tudent sL 75-'possessed a good .owledge o f - German, i, 170.- had; an e lementary knowledgeand 483 knew NC ne.- /Thé remainder, made.NCno statement NCbOmf t h e i r l i n g u i s t i c : a alifications. ,-LNCL /,-A--NC NC - NC a • " -NC '.

Accord ing t o ' the a v a i l a b l e , i n fo rmâ t ion,'4OO-'ief the s tudents shed' t ö takeL up t e c h n o l o g i c a l sub j è c t s , / 160 med ic ine , , ,140 the'.- ' t s , ,110 ' s po r t s : and the ., f i n eNCr t s , ' 85 the science, and'45' , r i c u l t u r e and f o r e s t r y . / ' " - A-NCL' ; NC " A

TQNCRESTRICTEDA W -4-

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-5- NATO RESTRICTED -Ethw;' AC/52-WP/34(Rovised).

Nether lands W . . /'th WjNC. '.. - •' .,- - •• NC. " . •"'" W. v

23." Up to the' midd le NCf December. -E95o, I l O Hungar ian ..refuge s t uden t s had 'arr ived'pin. , the Ne the r l ands . By t he NCndpf J a n u a r y , 1957A-Ehey had allNCbeen r e g i s t e r e d at u n i v e r s i t i e s NChd-high th th schools. "'NC NCs-.-ÀNCth W. N o r w W y •'..• L" r -E r t h W ,' - A . A .. , A'W - .- >th

NCNC' 24. As NCtrNCOth J anuary / 1 1957, 40 Hungar ian s t uden t s had a r r i v e d i n Norway. andth'35' more•were expected . The average age was 21-22 y e a r s . .. ithth ,thW' ''NC th th NC ? th' W - ' ; ' ' • • NC v

L -' -.- -EnNCViewNCf the considerableALeficitWofWccadernic, 'manpower i n Norway- the Norvyegianrauthor iUies cons idered t h a t the . employment ' o p p o r t u n i t i e s f o r HungarianNCstudents-NCvere good.-NC ' NC .NC-. - , ''-/'NC/'/

' A . ' th' " ' :' th ' ' / NC - " th United Kingdom. NCNC ,, . .." NC NC, . .- , : ,- / ; th.

25« Bythhe"' end-NCf thànuary t h e Vice-Chanceilbr tNCs Committee NC had found p l a ces and- maintenance f.c-r ''15O 'Hungarian- re fugee , s tudent ' f o r -the .'.rest'NCthfr t h e i r academic c a r ee r .

NCNC WNCIn a d d i t i o n / atWIhe' same p e r i o d , ther.e. were,,probablyNCth aboutWiOO s t uden t s for-whom no -.arrangements, had been made. WNC

Uni ted S t a t e s NC "NC ...th -• NC' , th '-.NC NC - , ' thi' NC-NC .NC- • ,NC ,., NC.NC

26. As of 31s t -December, 1956 , .330 Hungar i an un ivers i ty- NC NC 'th s t uden t s had. en t e red the Un i t ed NC States ' . ..-.Nearly NClINC-E -Ehcm -.we re NC, a t t e n d i n g or a b o u t / t o 'attend; the Bard C o l l e g e , . o r i e n t a t i o n , c o u r s e . NC

IV. NC CONCLUSION NC th . ththth V . "NC" ''NCthth-

2 7 . A l though NCIhe' p r e s e n t . r e p o r t touches p r i n c i p a l l y NCcnNCthethNC p o s i t i o n - o f re fugee-s tuden ts NCin A u s t r i a NCrAL J u g o s l a v i a , t he -very; i ncomp le te i n f o r m a t i o n ,-in • Pa r t I I I shbws t h a t there-NCre hundreds th o f Hunga r i an , r e f ugee „students a l r eady r e s i d i n g -En o the r -European NC' and" overseas c o u n t r i e s . ' By the -EndNCf, J anua ry , 1957th 'ArUS es t ima tes t h a t some 4,7OONCstudentshadALeft A u s t r i a / e i ther- w i t h- r egu l a r t r a n s p o r t s or on i n d i v i d u a l s c h o l a r s h i p s g r an ted under NC a -.variety o f . governmenta l , u n i v e r s i t y ' or p r i v a t e schemes.

28. Along w i t h t h e - f a c t o r y workers , the HungarionNCstudents „ were the p r i n c i p a l 'group keeping., p o l i t i c a l o p p o s i t i o n t o the, ' régime -a llive. NC, TheythereNCthe spearhead o f NCher October NC r e v o l t . Now-" t h a t they "have sought re fuge i n the-West our NCountries "have,;, a. c l ea r , r e s p o n s i b i l i t y ; t o ' c o n t i n u e - t h e i r mora l ,anc l intel lectual ' tra in ingNCNC to f i t them to take t h e i r p l ace ; i n our f r e e - s o c i e t i e s . , - thth NCr " -NC

29.NC.ALn Hungary/ the s t uden t s were .educated accord ing , to , - thth Marxist p r i n c i p l e s and i n a NCcmmur-Est-.atmosphère. Few o f them -th-' , come from .what may bo . c a l l ed , a l i b e r a l . ' background,.. PatiNCnce NC and, NC imagincft-Ecn are t h e r e f o r e e s s e n t i a l ' I n t h e l p i n g them to. set t le ; ,down i n t h e i r new countries. ' ' .The genera l , expér ience siiows- that,--Ehe-m a j o r i t y i s by no means' wédded t o Marxist;'-' -dialectic-' and - t h a t NCitNCNC, NC NC i s : ready t o accept otherNCintellectua-I' d i s c i p l i n e s . "NC The-NCWest, and

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ATP RESTRICTED , • -6-£/52-WP/54'( Revised) . , NC

bovo a l l the NCountriésL'of NChe A t l a n t i c A l l i h n c o , have a/dirty t c , NCenL yet .w iderL the i r , u n i v e r s i t i e s NCo these s t uden t s sc t h a t - a l l -if NChenL may b e n e f i t from t he same, advantages/as t h e i r f e l l o w s I n A _ 'he West. ' ,... ' '..;•' • NC" •;• i A • À .

'-'30. NCn the IastNCfew months"-several. hundred'imore•• s tuden ts / / ave .-been : admi t ted t o v a r i o u s NATO coun t r i e s , , arid t h i s .-'trend NCs ALL", i k e l y to- con t inue . ; , The ' .provision, o f ' fec i 1 i t ie 's ; -for. them i s l r eady . over tax ing cu r ren t u n i v e r s i t y resources.- '.Their continued;, endemic t r a i n i n g .does•present a. d e f i n i t e c h a l l e n g e ' t o the A l l i a n c e

. -. I t .might be thought-, t h a t NATO could g i ve a / p r a c t i c a l NC ' i A s s i s t a n ce towards the' s o l u t i o n of t h i s .problem E y- sponsor ing rü-," dequate number o f ''scla61aNCshipvs,NCor Hungar ian re fugee s t uden t s .

3-1. F i n a i l y j Avhateyera f u r t h e r s teps may be taken'; by r. NC overnments ind iv idua l ly^' or . t oge ther , pub l i c , and : p r i v a t e NCutrNCNCitie ast NCememberLthat 'whehNChNCLrefugee, s t uden t s '- u n i v e r s i t y t r a i n i n g-s completed , they w i l l s t i l l have t c a s s i s t them t o f i n d s u i t a b l e osts ' and. .occupations.L E .NC- L NC', ' /' ,

' P a l a i s ; de Chai 1.1 « t . P a r i s , XVTe.;

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