Origin of the earth : Origin of the life? - MWITdeardean/pdf4ppt/biodiver/monera_I.pdf · Origin of the earth : Origin of the life? ... Division Cyanophyta Nitrogen fixation

Origin of the earth : Origin of the life?

http://www.joergresag.privat.t-online.de/mybk4htm/chap43.htmhttp://www.fas.org/irp/imint/docs/rst/Sect19/Sect19_2a.html


http://www.joergresag.privat.t-online.de/mybk4htm/chap43.htmhttp://www.fas.org/irp/imint/docs/rst/Sect19/Sect19_2a.html

Isosphaera : Greenland


Eobacterium isolatum : Minnesota

Archaeospheroides barbertonensis : Swaziland

The oldest living?

http://universe-review.ca/R11-07-microbiology.htm


Proto-cell

From Proto-cell to Cell

The evidence : Microfossil in Archaean rock

http://www.joergresag.privat.t-online.de/mybk4htm/stromatolite_sharkbay.jpghttp://www.fas.org/irp/imint/docs/rst/Sect19/Sect19_2a.html

Stromatotites

Stromatotites : evidence of Archaean bacteria

http://www.wmnh.com/wmel0000.htmhttp://waynesword.palomar.edu/ploct97.htm



Prokaryotic cell

Anaerobic organisms

Tolerance for extreme environment

FIRST CELL

What is the different between these cells?

http://www.cod.edu/people/faculty/fancher/ProkEuk.htm

Some of the differents

~Archaea~3 Domains of Life

~Eubacteria~

~Eukaryota~http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evosite/evo101/images/domain1.gif

3 Domains of Life

LUCA : the Last Universal Common Ancestor

http://universe-review.ca/R11-07-microbiology.htm

Rank of Life

http://www.bact.wisc.edu/Microtextbook/index.php?module=Book&func=displayarticle&art_id=73&theme=printer

Promoter of Gene

• no Tf• Histone• Met

http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/archaea/archaeamm.html

Membrane Lipids of the living

Archaea

Bacteria

(1) Halophiles in salty lakes (2) Thermoproteus in deep-sea hydrothermal vents(3) Sulfolobus in hot sulfur springs (4) Methanococcus in swamps and marshes(5) Acidianus in acidic ponds

http://universe-review.ca/I11-29-archaea2.jpg

EXTREME ENVIRONMENT

http://waynesword.palomar.edu/plsept98.htm

Saltbush scrub and cottonwood trees in Owens Valley, with Owens Salt Lake and the Inyo Range in the distance. The pinkish coloration of the water is caused by high concentrations of Halophilic archaebacteria. Image taken in August 2006.

Owens lake bed along Highway 395 south of Lone Pine with Sierra Nevada in the distance. The salt crust is colored red by dense colonies of Halophilic archaebacteria.

http://waynesword.palomar.edu/ploct97.htm

Shape of Archaea

Divisions of Archaea

Extremophiles Methanogen Thermophiles

Crenarchaeota KorarchaeotaEuryarchaeota

http://www.daviddarling.info/images/archaea.jpg

http://www.peripatus.gen.nz/paleontology/MaiLinEvo.html

16S rRNA Phylogenic tree

Eubacteria

Archaea

Eukaryota

Bacteria

ProteobacteiaChlamydiasSpirocheatesGram positive bacteriaCyanobacteria

http://bmc.ub.uni-potsdam.de/1471-2180-5-19/1471-2180-5-19-2.jpg

Many methods to classify

* High diversity* Gram Negative* Aaerobic or Anaerobic* Photoautotrophs

Chemoautotrophs orHeteroautotrophs

Proteobacteria

Rhizobium

Endosymbiosis

http://faculty.ircc.edu/faculty/tfischer/images/endosymbiosis.jpghttp://www.bact.wisc.edu/themicrobialworld/Effects.html

α

Proteobacteria

Nitrosomonas

http://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/images/thumb/8/89/Zdrs0232.jpg/350px-Zdrs0232.jpg

http://www.soils.umn.edu/academics/classes/soil2125/img/9snitrf.jpg

β

Proteobacteria

Chromatium

http://www.hik.hu/tankonyvtar/site/books/b159/kepek/K4003.jpg

Vibrio

γ

http://student.ccbcmd.edu/courses/bio141/labmanua/lab1/images/96525g.jpg

Proteobacteria δ

Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus

http://www.eurekalert.org/features/kids/2004-01/aaft-tnb020805.php

http://www.asm.org/ASM/files/ccLibraryFiles/Filename/000000002458/CTphoto2%20copy.gif

http://www.innovations-report.de/bilder_neu/25204_bbakterien2.jpg

Proteobacteria

http://www.nexium.net/gUserFiles/HELICOBACTERPYLORI_450.gif

http://www.vcharkarn.com/tech/pictures/A320/helicobacterpylori4.jpg

More info : http://h.pylori.info/

Nobel prize 2005

ε

Chlamydia

* Animal parasiteChlamydia trachomatis : nongonococcal uretritis

* Gram negative, no peptidoglycan

More info : http://www.siamhealth.net/Disease/infectious/std/Clamydia.htm

http://www.sgm.ac.uk/pubs/micro_today/pdf/050304.pdf#xml=http://www.sgm.ac.uk/scripts/texis.exe/webinator/search/xml.txt?query=chlamydia&pr=sgm&order=r&id=3eee77251e

Spirochete

* Spiral : 0.25 mm* Free living or

Pathogen : Treponema pallidum :syphilis

http://pathmicro.med.sc.edu/trepo.jpghttp://apatheticaphid.wordpress.com/category/medical-history/

Gram Positive Bacteria

* Gram positive* Free living or pathogen

Clostridium botulinumBacillus anthracis

http://www.snv.jussieu.fr/vie/dossiers/anthrax/01pathogene.htmhttp://student.ccbcmd.edu/courses/bio141/lecguide/unit1/prostruct/dkcbot.html

Actinomyces : Streptomyces

http://www.bio-pro.de/imperia/md/images/artikelgebunden/ulm/luftmycel_338x268.jpg

http://hp.brs.nihon-u.ac.jp/~kenueda/Streptomyces.JPG


Mycoplasmas

http://www.naturalhealinghouse.com/images/mycoplasma.jpg

* Smallest bacteria* No cell wall* Diameter 0.1 μm

(5x ribosome)* Walking pneumonia


Cyanobacteria

http://www.uic.edu/classes/bios/bios104/mike/bacteria01.htm

Photoautotrophs

Single or Colony

Nitrogen fixation

http://www.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/image/48222/Nostoc2.gif

Cyanobacteria

http://www.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/image/48165/Anabaena.gif

Cyanobacteria

KINGDOM MONERA

Schizophyta Cyanophyta

http://fig.cox.miami.edu/~cmallery/150/proceuc/c27x3proc_shapes.jpghttp://www.ibvf.cartuja.csic.es/Cultivos/fotos/Spirulina_sp._PCC_6313_dis.jpg

http://botit.botany.wisc.edu/images/130/Bacteria/Cyanobacteria/Oscillatoria/Oscillatoria_MC.html

KINGDOM MONERA

Prokaryotic cell70S RibosomePeptidoglycanSheath or capsuleNo FlagellaCyanophycean starchGas vacuole

Division Cyanophyta

http://www.dr-sanderson.org/images/prokaryoticcell.gif

KINGDOM MONERA

Division Cyanophyta

http://courses.cm.utexas.edu/jrobertus/ch339k/overheads-2/ch12_bacteriorhodopsin.jpg

http://www.abdn.ac.uk/rhynie/cyano.htm

Photoautotroph

Cyanobacteria

Archaea

KINGDOM MONERA

Division Cyanophyta

* Chlorophyll a as Plant* No Plastid* Chromoplasm & Centroplasm* Many Pigments :β-caroteneXanthophyllPhycobilin

http://fig.cox.miami.edu/~cmallery/255/255phts/gk6x5.chlorophyll.gif

KINGDOM MONERA

Division Cyanophyta

http://www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de/b-online/library/webb/BOT311/ Cyanobacteria/ Cyanobacteria.htm

Photosynthetic Membrane

KINGDOM MONERA

Special cell :

Division Cyanophyta

AkineteHeterocyst

http://www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de/b-online/library/webb/BOT311/ Cyanobacteria/Cyanobacteria.htm

KINGDOM MONERA

Division Cyanophyta


Thick cell wall

Food reserve

Closed heterocyst

Reproduction : Spores

KINGDOM MONERA

Division Cyanophyta

HeterocystThick cell wallClearly yellowNitrogen fixation


KINGDOM MONERA

Division Cyanophyta

Nitrogen fixation

http://www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de/b-online/library/webb/BOT311/PlantCellWalls00/AzollaScan.jpghttp://oczkowodne.net/flora/azolla2.jpg

http://gcep.stanford.edu/images/factsheets/biohydrogen_generation2.jpg

KINGDOM MONERA

http://www.nccpg.com/Images/MH11.gif

Lichens : Fungus & Photoautotroph microbe

http://botit.botany.wisc.edu/images/332/Lichens/Foliose_lichens_130_d.gifhttp://www.perspective.com/nature/fungi/cladonia.jpg

Nostoc

Oscillatoria Spirulina

AnacystisChroococcus

KINGDOM MONERA

Division Cyanophyta


Division Schizophyta

KINGDOM MONERA

http://www.freeinfosociety.com/coppermine/displayimage.php?album=12&pos=1

* Small living* Prokaryotic cell* Peptidoglycan* 3 major shape :

Rod (Bacillus)Coccus (Spheral)Spiral (Spirilum)


KINGDOM MONERA

http://www.pinkmonkey.com/studyguides/subjects/biology-edited/chap14/14_8.gif

http://bio.winona.edu/delong/Principles/bacterial%20colonies.gif

Single cellColony


KINGDOM MONERA

Movement

http://www.arn.org/docs/mm/flag_labels.jpghttp://www.sparknotes.com/biology/microorganisms/protista/section1.html

Flagella : Flagellin


KINGDOM MONERA

Microbial genetics

* Genome : Nucleoid & Plasmid* Monoploid* Single circular double strand

DNA* Mesosome vs Binary fission

http://www.cod.edu/people/faculty/fancher/ProkEuk.htmhttp://lecturer.ukdw.ac.id/dhira/BacterialStructure/BactStructImages/Mesosome.jpg


KINGDOM MONERA

Reproduction

http://www.karlloren.com/biopsy/p66.htm

<<Binary fission

Conjugation>>

http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/96444c.jpghttp://io.uwinnipeg.ca/~simmons/16cm05/1116/27-x1-ProkaryoteConjugation.jpg


KINGDOM MONERA

http://pathmicro.med.sc.edu/fox/strep-pneu2.jpg

Diplococcus Staphylococcus

Streptococcus

E. coli

Spirillum

http://web.gccaz.edu/~lsola/bio182/labreview/spirill.jpghttp://www.rowett.ac.uk/edu_web/images/gut_reaction_images/E_coli_lge.jpg

http://images.encarta.msn.com/xrefmedia/sharemed/targets/images/pho/t028/ T028362A.jpg http://www3.niaid.nih.gov/NR/rdonlyres/263D4EDB-3C96-4AC6-8C58-B7AF8F6CF2C5/0/staphylococcus_epidermidis.jpg

Documents

Origin of the earth : Origin of the life? - MWITdeardean/pdf4ppt/biodiver/monera_I.pdf · Origin of the earth : Origin of the life? ... Division Cyanophyta Nitrogen fixation