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Orientamento dell’attenzionenello spazio e fra i sensi
Valerio Santangelo
Laboratorio di Neuroimmagini, Fondazione Santa Lucia, Roma
Sommario…
• Orientamento dell’attenzione nello spazio
• Orientamento dell’attenzione fra i sensi
• Basi neurali dell’orientamento dell’attenzione
• Orientamento attentivo, selezione, accesso e mantenimento in memoria a breve termine
Spatial Attentional Mechanisms
ExogenousEndogenous“reflexive”
When abrupt stimuli“pull” your attention
“voluntary”
When you “push” yourattention to a source of
interest
Exogenous orienting
M
T
B
R
M
T
B
R
+
+
+
+
290295300305310315320325330335340
Cued Neutral Uncued
M
T
B
R
M
T
B
R
+
+
+
+
M
T
B
R
M
T
B
R
+
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Neutral trialCued trial Uncued trial
0
5
10
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50
Mean cuing effect = uncued - cued
The mean cuing effect reflects the capability of the exogenous cue to capture a participant’s attentionR
eact
ion
Tim
es (m
s)
Endogenous orienting
M
T
B
R
M
T
B
R
+
+
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+
M
T
B
R
M
T
B
R
+
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Cued trial Uncued trial
endo & exo crossmodal links
Spence, McDonald, & Driver (2004)
Neural basis of crossmodal links
Macaluso & Driver (2001)
endogenous exogenous
interac
tion
endogenousno inter
actio
n
exogenous
Task & Stimuli
1000
50Time (m
s)
ENDOGENO
800
ESOGENO ENDO-ESOGENO
100 Q
= punto di fissazione
= cue endogeno (80%)
= cue endogeno neutro
= cue esogeno (white noise) (50%)
150
= target visivo (LED)
Santangelo, Olivetti Belardinelli, Spence, & Macaluso (in preparation) Task: visual elevation discrimination
Design: Endogenous (3) x Exogenous (3)
ME Endogenous [F(2, 28)=6.1, p=.006]
ME Exogenous [F(2, 28)=12.9, p<.001]
No interaction [F(4, 56)<1, n.s.]
…endo/exo network(s)…
Endogenous Exogenous
• Same:– Kastner & Ungerleider (2000)– Peelen et al. (2004)– Rosen et al. (1999)
• Different:– Corbetta & Shulman (2002)– Hopfinger & West (2006)– Mayer et al. (2004)
Different areas
However, the two systems interact in TPJ, superior pariatal cortex, occipital cortex
Thanks!
