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Organizational Behaviour ( OB)

This is an interdisciplinary fielddedicated to the study of how

individuals and groups tend toact in organizations.

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Why is a knowledge of OB important tomanagers?

By understanding what causes peopleto behave as they do, managers can

exercise leadership to achieve positiveoutcomes. They can foster behaviorssuch as organizational citizenship, that

is, work behaviour that goes beyond jobrequirements and contributes asneeded to the organizations success.

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How does an employee demonstrateOrganizational citizenship?

An employee demonstratesorganizational citizenship by

helping coworkers andcustomers, doing extra work

when necessary, and looking forways to improve products andprocedures.

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How can managers encourage Organizationalcitizenship?

Managers can encourageorganizational citizenship by applying

their knowledge of human behaviourin many ways such as selecting peoplewith positive attitudes and

personalities, helping them to see howthey can contribute and enabling them

to learn to cope with workplace

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Attitude

A cognitive and affectiveevaluation that influence a

person to act in a certain way.

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Components of attitude

Cognitions ( thoughts)

Affect ( feelings)

Behaviour

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Components of attitude

The cognitive component of anattitude includes the beliefs,

opinions and information theperson has about the object of theattitude, such as knowledge of what

a job entails and opinions aboutpersonal abilities. E.g my job is interesting

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Components of attaitude

The affective component is thepersons emotions or feelings

about the object of the attitude,such as enjoying or hating a job.

E.g feelings I love my job

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Components of attitude

The behavioral component of anattitude is the persons intention

to behave toward the object ofthe attitude in a certain way. E.gintention to act. I am going to

get to work early with a smile onmy face.

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Attitudes that are associated with highperformance

Job satisfaction- a positive attitudetowards ones job.

People experience this attitude whentheir work matches their needs andinterest, when working conditions andrewards ( such as pay) are satisfactory,

and when the employees like their co-workers.

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Organizational commitment- loyalty to and heavyinvolvement in ones organization.

An employee with a high degree of organizational

commitment is likely to say we when talking aboutthe organization. Such person tries to contribute tothe organizations success and wishes to remain withthe organization.

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Personality

The set of characteristics thatunderlie a relative stable pattern of

behaviour in response to ideas,objects or people in theenvironment.

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Personality

Understanding an individualspersonality can help managers

predict how that person will actin a particular situation.

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Big Five Personality Trait

Dimensions that describe anindividuals extroversion,

agreeableness,conscientiousness, emotional

stability and openness toexperience.

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Big Five Personality Trait

Extroversion- the degree to which aperson is sociable, talkative, assertive,and comfortable with interpersonalrelationships.

Agreeableness- the degree to which a

person is able to get along with othersby being good- natured, cooperative,forgiving, understanding, and trusting.

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Big Five Personality Trait

Conscientiousness- the degreeto which a person is focused on

a few goals, thus behaving inways that are responsible,

dependable, persistent andachievement oriented.

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Big Five Personality Trait

Emotional Stability- the degree towhich a person is calm, enthusiastic,and secure, rather than tense, nervous,depressed, moody or insecure

Openness to experience. The degree to

which a person has a broad range ofinterest and is imaginative, creative,artistically sensitive, and willing to

consider new ideas