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Organisms • Are made of Organ Systems
Organ Systems
Organs
• Are made of Tissues (heart tissue)
Tissues
• Are made of Eukaryote Cells
Eukaryote Cells
• Are made of Parts
Each cell part has a role in
• Performing the Cell’s Job, which is
Structure of a eukaryote cell
• Protective layer or layers surrounding the cell’s interior (cell wall/cell membrane)
• Cytoplasm
• Organelles within the cytoplasm
• Nucleus
All Cells have a Cell Membrane
The Cell Membrane
• Protects the cell
• Allows only certain materials to enter and exit the cell – selectively-permeable
• Made of a lipid bi-layer*.
Nucleus
The Nucleus
• Made of 1. Nuclear Membrane/Envelope
surrounding the nucleus (selectively permeable)
2. Chromosomes – composed of DNA wrapped around proteins
3. Nucleolus – produces RNA
The Nucleus
• DNA determines 1. which proteins the cell
produces 2. how much of each
protein the cell produces
Cytoplasm
Cytoplasm
• Semi-fluid material enclosed by the cell membrane
• Organelles float in this material
Organelles
• A membrane-bound compartment or structure in a cell that performs
special functions. A
Free Ribosomes
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum with Ribosomes attached
Ribosomes and the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
• Ribosomes: Protein synthesis occurs here
• Rough ER: covered with ribosomes
• Once protein molecules are made, the rough ER folds the molecules, and sorts them according to function and destination in the cell*
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum with No
Ribosomes
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
• Provides extra surface area for the action of enzymes.
Golgi Apparatus
Golgi Apparatus
• The ER sends proteins to the Golgi Apparatus
• Here carbohydrates and lipids are attached to proteins and they are sent to their final destination
Mitochondrion(a)
Mitochondrion
• Cell respiration occurs here!
• Cell respiration releases ENERGY from molecules of food
• This energy is used for all cell functions
Cytoskeleton
Cytoskeleton
• A network of fibers that provides physical support and structure to the cell
• Made of microtubules and microfilaments.
Cytoskeleton
• The cytoskeleton is responsible for cell shape, movement of the cell as a whole (in one celled organisms), and movement of organelles in the cell.*
Certain Cell Parts are ONLY found in
Plant Cells OR Animal Cells
Animal Cells have organelles called
Lysosomes
Lysosomes
• Digest cellular waste and obsolete molecules and
organelles.
Animal Cells have organelles called
Centrioles
Centrioles
• Play a role in reproduction of animal cells
Plant Cells have organelles called
Chloroplasts
Chloroplasts
• Site of photosynthesis in plant cells
• Photosynthesis produces carbohydrates*
Plant Cells have Cell Walls
Cell Walls
• Provide support and protection for cell • Provide rigidity to cell –
allow plants to be tall without a skeleton• Found in plants, fungi, algae
and most prokaryote cells.
Cell Walls
• Made of carbohydrates and protein.
• One type of carbohydrate is cellulose = wood and paper.
• The presence of cell walls allows large plants to stand tall without a skeleton.
• Selectively permeable
Plant Cells have Large Central Vacuoles
Large Central Vacuoles
• Provides storage for water, salts, waste in plants
• Animal cells have multiple small vacuoles (not located in center of cell)
The Cell as a Factory
The Inner Life of a Cell
Summary – Use your notes
1. Make a Venn Diagram showing which cell parts are found only in Animal Cells, only in Plant Cells and in both types of cells.
2. Which cell parts are necessary for the physical structure of the cell?
3. Beginning with the nucleus and ending with the Golgi Apparatus Make a table: Name and describe the job of cell parts related to making proteins.
4. Name and describe the job of cell parts related to food and energy.