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Organisms and the Environment
Chapter Four: Physical ScienceConnections
• 4.1 Elements and Compounds
• 4.2 The Compounds of Life
• 4.3 Physical Variables
4.2 Carbon compounds and cells
• Life as we know it is carbon based.
• A carbon atom can form chemical bonds with other carbon atoms in long chains or rings.
4.2 Carbon compounds and cells
• Carbon compounds in living things include: carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and nucleic acids.
4.2 Carbohydrates, fats and proteins
• Carbohydrates are energy-rich compounds made from carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
• Cells use carbohydrates to get and store energy.
• Carbohydrates are also called sugars or starches.
4.2 Carbohydrates• Plant cells store energy as starch.• Rice, potatoes, and wheat are plant starches.
4.2 Lipids
• Lipids are made by cells to store energy for long periods of time.
• Lipids include fats, oils, and waxes.
Can you think of examples of lipids in plants or animals?
4.2 Proteins
• Proteins are very large molecules made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur.
• Protein molecules are made of smaller molecules called amino acids.
4.2 Nucleic acids• Nucleic acids are compounds made of long,
repeating chains called nucleotides. • DNA is a nucleic acid that contains the
information cells need to make all of their proteins.
4.2 DNA
• Some scientists refer to DNA as the “blueprints” for life.
What is a blueprint and why might scientists use this “analogy”?
Investigation 4A
• How is carbon dioxide important to living things?
Carbon Dioxide and Living Things