organicchemnoaudio-120501171808-phpapp01.ppt

8/9/2019 organicchemnoaudio-120501171808-phpapp01.ppt

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The next slide is a quick promo for my books

after which the presentation will begin

Thanks for your patience!

Walt S.

[email protected]

More stuff at www.wsautter.com

mailto:[email protected]://www.wsautter.com/http://www.wsautter.com/http://www.wsautter.com/http://www.wsautter.com/mailto:[email protected]


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ooks a"ailable atwww.smashwords.com

www.ama#on.com

Walt$s ooks for %ree!

http://www.smashwords.com/http://www.amazon.com/http://www.amazon.com/http://www.smashwords.com/


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&ll organic compounds consist of carbon and hydrogen.

Many also contain oxygen and nitrogen

'ther elements may also be present.

(hosphorous) halogens and*or metals

Most compounds are composed of carbon chains

bonded with hydrogen


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+ + + + +

, , , , ,

+ - / / / / / +

, , , , , + + + + +

& carbon * hydrogen chain 0organic1

+ + + + +

, , , , ,

+ - / / / / / ' - +

, , , , ,

+ + + + +

& carbon * hydrogen chain containing oxygen


6/41

arbon can make four 021 bonds

+ydrogen can make one 031 bond

'xygen can make two 041 bonds

5itrogen can make three 061 bondsSulfur can make two 041 bonds

+alogens can make one 031 bond

,

/ /

,

+ /

- ' -

/ 5 /

,

- S /

l -


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, / / +

,

/ 7 ',

5

arbon can make single) double or triplebonds

+ydrogen can make only single bonds

'xygen can make single or double bonds

/ 7 '

,

, ,

/ ' - , ,


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9/41

5aming 'rganic ompounds

Meth 7 3

8th 7 4

(rop 7 6

ut 7 2 (ent 7 9

+ex 7 :

+ept 7 ;

'ct 7 < 5on 7 =

>ec 7 3?

Study thisSlide and

then click here

To continue


10/41

&liphatic +ydrocarbons

&lkanes / &ll single bond between carbons

0name ends in aneA1

&lkenes / contains double bonds between carbons

0name ends in eneA1

&lkynes / contains triple bonds between carbons

0name ends in yneA1


11/41

5aming hydrocarbons starts with selecting the longest

hain 0e"en around corners1.

+ + + + + +

, , , , , ,

+ - / / / / / - +

, , , , ,

+ + + + + - - +

,

+ - / +

,

+

; .

c

h

a

i

n

5ot 9 chain

5ame starts

with heptA 0;1

&ll single bonds5ame ends with

aneA

+eptane

,

+


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+ + + + + +

, , , , , ,

+ - / / / / / - +

, , , , ,

+ + + + + - - +

,

+ - / +

,

+

,

+

5aming the Side hain

Side hain


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+- - - -

+ + + , , ,

+ + + , , ,

+ + + + , , , ,

+ + + +, , , ,

+- - - - -

- -

+

++,

,

- -

+

++,

,

+- -+,

Methyl

+6

8thyl

4

+9

(ropyl

6 +;

utyl

2

+=

Some ommon Side hains


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+ + + + + +

, , , , , ,

+ - / / / / / - +

, , , , ,

+ + + + + - - +

,

+ - / +

,

+

,

+

- -

+

++ ,,

Methyl

Methyl +eptane

ut where is the methyl

Broup attachedC


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+ + + + + +

, , , , , ,

+ - / / / / / - +

, , , , ,

+ + + + + - - +

,

+ - / +

,

+

ount from the

Short end of

The chain

Methyl group is

attached to the

third carbon thus6 methyl heptane

6 methyl heptane

,

+


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+ + + + +

, , , , , ,

+ - / / / / / - +

, , , , ,

+ + + + + - - +

,

+ - / +

,

+

- -

+

++ ,

,

,

+

Two side chains

The first methyl

group is on

the second

arbon counting

from the short

end!

The second methyl

group is on

the fiftharbon counting

from the short

end!

4) 9 dimethyl

heptane


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&lkenes 0>ouble bonds1

+ + + + + +

, , , , , ,

+ - / / / 7 / - +

, , , ,

+ + + +

,

+

& six arbon chain / hexA

&lkene / ends in eneA

>ouble bond on second arbon

%rom shortest end of chain

4 hexene


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+ + + + +

, , , , , ,

+ - 7 / / / / - +

, , ,

+ + + - - +

,

+ - / +

,

+

- -

+

++ ,

,

,

+

4) 9 dimethyl

3 heptene

&lkene with two side groups


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&lkynes 0triple bonds1

&lkenes 0>ouble bonds1

&lkanes 0Single bonds1 n +04n E41

n +4n

n +04n -41

Beneral %ormula

6 +


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,

' -+

/ 7 '

,

' ,

+ydroxyl

8ster Dinkage

/ 5 / + ,

+&mine

ommon

'rganic

Broups


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/ 7 '

' -+

,

arboxyl

/ 7 '

,

arbonyl

, ,

- / ' / - , ,

8ther Dinkage

&mide

/ .

7 '

, 5 / +,

+


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/ 7 ',

arbonyl

, ,

- / ' / - , ,

8ther Dinkage

E 7

/ 7 '

,

' ,

8ster Dinkage

Some functional groups are combinations of smaller

functional groups

, ' '


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,

' -++ydroxyl

E / 7 '

,

arbonyl

7 / 7 '

' -+

,

arboxyl

/ 5 / + ,

+

&mine

/ 7 '

,

arbonyl

E 7 / . 7

'

, / 5 / +,

+

&mide


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ompounds ontaining %unctional Broups

&lcohols

-'-+8nd in olA

- -

+

++,

,

+- -+

,

8thyl

4 +9

'-+

8thyl &lcohol

8thanol

ommon name

Brain alcohol

F /'+

F 7 a arbon* +ydrogen chain


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ketones

/ 7 '

,

8nd in oneA

Methyl ethyl ketone

utanone

4 butanone is incorrect

Since counting from either

end would put the carbonyl

'n the second arbon

F/ 7 '

,

FF 7 a arbon* +ydrogen chain

- -

+

++,

, 7 '

- -

++,

,

+- -+,

+



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&ldehydes

/ 7 '

, +

8nd in alA

- -

+

++,

,

7'+ -

8thyl &ldehyde

8thanal

ommon name

&cetaldehyde

F / 7 '

, +




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&cids

/ 7 ',

' -+8nd in oicA

- -

+

++,

,

,

&cetic &cid

8thanoic &cid

ommon name

Ginegar

F/ 7 '

,

' -+


7 '

' -+



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Structural Hsomers

Same formula but different arrangement of atoms

+ + + + , , , ,

+ + + +, , , ,

+- - - - -+

utane

2 +3?

+ + +, , ,

+ , +, , ,+- - - -+

Methyl (ropane

2 +3?

+ / / +

,

+


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(ropanone (ropanal


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hiral arbons

Mirror Hmage molecules


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'ut of screen Hnto screen

Molecules annot be Superimposed!


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is and Trans Hsomers

cis-butenedioic acid

0maleic acid1

trans-butenedioic acid

0fumaric acid1

>ouble bond

cisA like scissors 0next to1 transA across form


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&romatics

&romatics are compounds that contain aben#ene ring as part of their structure

: +:


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>elocali#ed

8lectron

cloud

Fesonance structure


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Different symbols for the Benzene Ring


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&spirin

Some ommon &romatics


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yclics and &romatics

&t first glance they look the same but aren$t

: +:


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organicchemnoaudio-120501171808-phpapp01.ppt