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Organic Vegetable Production Warren Roberts, Jim Shrefler, & Merritt Taylor. Lane Agricultural Center Oklahoma State University. Certified Organic Growing U.S. Federal Guidelines - NOP. A USDA Marketing Program - Approved in 2002 -. Is Organic Production a New Opportunity for Growers?. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Organic Vegetable ProductionOrganic Vegetable Production
Warren Roberts, Jim Shrefler, & Merritt TaylorWarren Roberts, Jim Shrefler, & Merritt TaylorLane Agricultural CenterLane Agricultural Center
Oklahoma State UniversityOklahoma State University
Certified Organic GrowingCertified Organic Growing U.S. Federal Guidelines - NOP U.S. Federal Guidelines - NOP
A USDA Marketing ProgramA USDA Marketing Program- Approved in 2002 -- Approved in 2002 -
Is OrganicIs Organic Production a New Production a New Opportunity for Growers?Opportunity for Growers?
Where Do We Begin?Where Do We Begin?
What Can We Grow ?What Can We Grow ?
What Problems Will We Encounter?What Problems Will We Encounter?
How Will We Control Problems?How Will We Control Problems?
Is Organic Production Possible?Is Organic Production Possible?
Lane Center Organic Study Site - 2003
Previously Christmas Trees
Lime
Poultry LitterPoultry Litter
Approximately 2-2-2 AnalysisApproximately 2-2-2 Analysis40-50 lbs of N per Acre40-50 lbs of N per Acre
40-50 lbs of P40-50 lbs of P2005 per Acre per Acre
40-50 lbs of K40-50 lbs of K2O per AcreO per Acre
Fertilizer
CropsCrops
Four Year RotationFour Year Rotation– TomatoesTomatoes– Sweet CornSweet Corn– WatermelonWatermelon– Southern PeasSouthern Peas
Other Organic Support ProjectsOther Organic Support Projects
Four Years, Four CropsFour Years, Four Crops
Use cover crops during winterUse cover crops during winterPlant crops in the springPlant crops in the spring
Turnips Crimson Clover
Sweet CornSweet Corn
Drip irrigationDrip irrigation
Good yields most yearsGood yields most years
ProblemsProblems– Corn Earworm – Corn Earworm –
Organic insecticides helpfulOrganic insecticides helpful
– Raccoons Raccoons
Sweet CornSweet Corn
No significant numbers of foliar feeding No significant numbers of foliar feeding insect pests found throughout the insect pests found throughout the season season
Treatments: Dipel + Pyrethrum at 3 day Treatments: Dipel + Pyrethrum at 3 day intervals during silking stageintervals during silking stage
Southern Peas
Southern PeasSouthern Peas
Drip irrigationDrip irrigation
Good yieldsGood yields
Few insect or disease Few insect or disease problemsproblems
Deer the main problemDeer the main problem
Southern Peas on June 14
WatermelonWatermelon
Drip, plastic mulch, Drip, plastic mulch, transplantstransplants
Variable yield resultsVariable yield results
Insects & diseases Insects & diseases critical with melonscritical with melons– Trap cropTrap crop– Organic insecticidesOrganic insecticides– Fungicides?Fungicides?
Tomato Varieties
Determinant Tomatoes
Trellising Determinant TomatoesTrellising Determinant Tomatoes
Trellising Determinant Tomatoes
Determinant Tomatoes
Vegetable Weevil
Vegetable Weevil
Southern United StatesSouthern United States– Over-winters in soilOver-winters in soil
3/8 inch long3/8 inch long
Turnip, cabbage, tomatoTurnip, cabbage, tomato
Damage on leaves, stems, and roots Damage on leaves, stems, and roots
Aphids
Aphids and Lady Bugs
Aphids on TomatoesAphids on Tomatoes
DateDate # aphids/leaf# aphids/leaf
May 27May 27 3.933.93
June 11June 11 6.936.93
June 17June 17 1.001.00
June 25June 25 0.130.13
July 9July 9 0.000.00
July 14July 14 0.570.57
Plants treated with azadirect Plants treated with azadirect (neem extract)(neem extract) on on 6/11 and 6/146/11 and 6/14
Striped Blister Beetles
Foliar Diseases
Disease Control – Copper Sulfate
Beet Curly Top Virus
Beet Leaf HopperBeet Leaf Hopper
What Have We Learned?What Have We Learned?
Some vegetables can be Grown Some vegetables can be Grown Organically in OklahomaOrganically in Oklahoma– Peas & Sweet Corn - easiestPeas & Sweet Corn - easiest– Tomato and Watermelon Tomato and Watermelon
Considerable riskConsiderable risk
Some critical needsSome critical needs
General Organic Vegetable General Organic Vegetable RecommendationsRecommendations
Organic MatterOrganic Matter
WonderfulWonderful
Holds WaterHolds Water
Improves Improves DrainageDrainage
Holds NutrientsHolds Nutrients
Improves TilthImproves Tilth
Ideal SoilIdeal Soil
Raised Bed Gardening – Noble FoundationRaised Bed Gardening – Noble Foundation
Soil Fertility and Crop NutrientsSoil Fertility and Crop Nutrients
Managed throughManaged through– Tillage and cultivation practicesTillage and cultivation practices– Crop rotationsCrop rotations– Cover cropsCover crops– Animal and crop waste materialsAnimal and crop waste materials– Certain allowed synthetic materials Certain allowed synthetic materials
FertilizersFertilizers
Animal Manure as FertilizerAnimal Manure as Fertilizer
Composted or IncorporatedComposted or Incorporated
Animal Manure IncorporatedAnimal Manure Incorporated
Incorporated 120 Days Prior to Harvest if Soil Incorporated 120 Days Prior to Harvest if Soil Contact with Edible Portion of CropContact with Edible Portion of Crop
Incorporated 90 days Prior to Harvest if No Incorporated 90 days Prior to Harvest if No Soil Contact with Edible Portion of CropSoil Contact with Edible Portion of Crop
CompostCompost
Temperature 131 - 170 FTemperature 131 - 170 F
3 days3 days
CompostCompostTemperature of 131 – 170 FTemperature of 131 – 170 F
15 Days15 Days
Turned a Minimum of Five TimesTurned a Minimum of Five Times
OMRIOMRI
Organic Materials Review InstituteOrganic Materials Review Institute
National Non-Profit OrganizationNational Non-Profit Organization
http://www.omri.orghttp://www.omri.org
Fertilizers @ OMRIFertilizers @ OMRI
Aquatic PlantsAquatic Plants
Ash ProductsAsh Products
Bone MealBone Meal
Blood MealBlood Meal
Calcium CarbonateCalcium Carbonate
ChitinChitin
CompostCompost
Compost TeaCompost Tea
Copper SulfateCopper Sulfate
DolomiteDolomite
Feather MealFeather Meal
Corn GlutenCorn Gluten
Sodium NitrateSodium Nitrate
Fish ProductsFish Products
Fertilizers @ OMRIFertilizers @ OMRI
GuanoGuano
GypsumGypsum
Green-SandGreen-Sand
Humic AcidsHumic Acids
ManureManure
Meat By-ProductsMeat By-Products
Microbial ProductsMicrobial Products
MolassesMolasses
Neem ProductsNeem Products
Peat MossPeat Moss
Phosphate RockPhosphate Rock
Potassium SulfatePotassium Sulfate
SugarSugar
PestPest ControlControl
Primarily Management Practices Primarily Management Practices – Physical, Mechanical, and Biological Physical, Mechanical, and Biological – Crop RotationCrop Rotation– Soil and Crop Nutrient Management PracticesSoil and Crop Nutrient Management Practices
PestPest ManagementManagement
Sanitation MeasuresSanitation Measures– Remove Disease Vectors, Weed Seeds, and Remove Disease Vectors, Weed Seeds, and
Habitat for Pest OrganismsHabitat for Pest Organisms
Selection of Plant Species and VarietiesSelection of Plant Species and Varieties– Resistance to Pests, Weeds, and DiseasesResistance to Pests, Weeds, and Diseases
When these practices are not sufficient, a When these practices are not sufficient, a biological, botanical, or synthetic substance biological, botanical, or synthetic substance approved for use may be used. approved for use may be used.
Materials for Pest ControlMaterials for Pest Control
Mulches Mulches
Newspaper or other recycled paper, Newspaper or other recycled paper, without glossy or colored inks.without glossy or colored inks.
Elemental sulfurElemental sulfur
Soaps, insecticidalSoaps, insecticidal
Sticky traps/barriersSticky traps/barriers
OMRI Listed Insect ControlOMRI Listed Insect Control
Bacillus Bacillus thuringiensisthuringiensisBoric AcidBoric AcidCalcium PolysulfideCalcium PolysulfideCitronellaCitronellaCopper SulfateCopper SulfateDiatomaceous EarthDiatomaceous EarthGarlicGarlicLimoneneLimonene
Lime SulfurLime SulfurNeem ProductsNeem ProductsOil ProductsOil ProductsPyrethrumPyrethrumSoapSoapSpinosadSpinosadSticky TrapsSticky TrapsSulfurSulfur
OMRI Listed DiseaseOMRI Listed Disease ControlControl
Beauveria fungusBeauveria fungus
Boric AcidBoric Acid
Calcium PolysulfideCalcium Polysulfide
Copper SulfateCopper Sulfate
Ferric PhosphateFerric Phosphate
Diatomaceous EarthDiatomaceous Earth
Garlic Garlic
Limonene (citrus oil)Limonene (citrus oil)
Hydrogen PeroxideHydrogen Peroxide
Microbial ProductsMicrobial Products
NeemNeem
Plastic MulchPlastic Mulch
Potassium Potassium BicarbonateBicarbonate
PseudomonasPseudomonas
SulfurSulfur
Weed ControlWeed Control
Mulching with Fully Biodegradable MaterialsMulching with Fully Biodegradable Materials
MowingMowing
Livestock GrazingLivestock Grazing
Hand Weeding and Mechanical CultivationHand Weeding and Mechanical Cultivation
Flame, Heat, or Electrical Means Flame, Heat, or Electrical Means
Plastic or other Synthetic Mulches: Plastic or other Synthetic Mulches: Provided,Provided, That, they are Removed from the Field at the That, they are Removed from the Field at the End of the Growing or Harvest seasonEnd of the Growing or Harvest season
No PVCNo PVC
WeedWeed ControlControl
Best for Home GardenBest for Home Garden
Weed control by hoeing
Seeds @ OMRISeeds @ OMRI
TomatoesTomatoes– 205 Cultivars205 Cultivars
PepperPepper– 89 Cultivars89 Cultivars
CornCorn– 61 Cultivars61 Cultivars
BeanBean– 78 Cultivars78 Cultivars
BroccoliBroccoli– 33 Cultivars33 Cultivars
CucumberCucumber– 50 Cultivars50 Cultivars
WatermelonWatermelon– 21 Cultivars21 Cultivars
PotatoPotato– 39 Cultivars39 Cultivars
PumpkinPumpkin– 27 Cultivars27 Cultivars
SquashSquash– 82 cultivars82 cultivars
??www.lane-ag.orgwww.lane-ag.org
Unidentified Crawling Object
Is an invader from Germany and is indeed a beetle belonging to the family Volkswagonidae.
This biotype A was once numerous but was basically eradicated by other foreign pests such as Toyotus and Hondasippius.
Last known large remnant populations were in Mexico but are dying out. Biotype B is occasionally seen.
Unidentified Crawling Object