Organic Molecules (Macromolecules)

Building Blocks of Life

Organic Molecules

Molecules that have carbon atoms

C6

Carbon12.011

Carbon is a component of all organic molecules

Can share 4 outermost electrons

6 P6 N

e-

Carbon Compounds

Can have many carbon atoms Can from single, double, and triple

bonds with other carbon atoms

C

CC

CC

C

4 Principle Types of Organic Compounds

CarbohydratesFatsProteinsNucleic Acids

Carbohydrates

Made of C, H, and O Building block: simple sugars

(monosaccharides-single sugar)

Disaccarhides Two monosaccharides linked together

by a condensation reaction

Polysaccharides•Largest carbohydrate molecule•Composed of many monosaccharide units•Common examples: Starch, Glycogen, Cellulose

Lipids (Fats & Oils)

:

Lipids

Made of C, H, and O(but less O than a carb)

Building block: 1 glycerol backbone + 3 fatty acids

LipidsSaturated: has single

covalent bonds between

each carbon

Unsaturated: has double covalent

bonds between carbons

Proteins

Made of C, H, O, S, N Building block: amino acids

Nucleic Acids

Made of C, H, O, N, P Building block: nucleotides

5 types of nitrogen bases

Nucleic Acids

DNA-2 chains RNA-1 chain Stores genetic info—unique order of

nucleotides for each living organism Nucleotide order determines amino

acid order