Organic Compounds

Carbon BondingForms 4 covalent bonds

in chains or rings

1

Carbon Prefixes

1 C = meth-

2 C = eth-

3 C = prop-

4 C = but-

5 C = pent-

6 C = hex-

7 C = hept-

8 C = oct-

9 C = non-

10 C = dec-

HYDROCARBONS Carbon and Hydrogen atoms.

Alkanes - carbons single bonded.

name ends -ane formula = CnH2n+2

name starts cyclo- in a ring

Hydrocarbon Drawings

Condensed Structure

CH3-CH2-CH2-CH3

Carbon Skeleton

C-C-C-C

Carbon BranchesCarbons replace H’s on the chain/ring

Alkyl groups1 C = methyl

2 C = ethyl

3 C = propyl / isopropyl

4 C = butyl / sec-butyl / isobutyl / tert-butyl

Benzene ring branch = phenyl

Unsaturated Hydrocarbons

Alkenes - have 1 or more double bonded C’s

 name ends –ene

Alkynes - have 1 or more triple bonded C’s                                                     

name ends –yne

Aromatics - contains a benzene ring, C6H6

name ends -benzene

Functional Groups

Replacement of hydrogen by halogens, nitrogen, or oxygen

Halide branches of Fluoro, Chloro, Bromo,

Iodo

nitrogen with up to 3 carbon branches

name ends with amine

Amine

Ether

O has two carbon branches

name ends with ether

Alcohol

- OH branch

Add suffix -anol

AldehydeO is double bonded on an end

Add suffix –anal

O is double bonded to the middle

Add suffix –anone

Ketone

Carboxylic Aciddouble bonded O and an OH are on an

end

Add suffix –anoic acid

Esterdouble bonded O and O in the carbon chain

Add suffix –anoate on the double bonded O side