ORGANIC CHEMISTRYTHE STUDY OF CARBON-BASED MOLECULES, OR the study of molecules made by living things

4 groups of organic compounds

• Carbohydrates

• Lipids

• Nucleic acids

• Proteins

4 organic compoundsOrganic

compoundMonomer

nameLabeledDiagram

Polymer name Examples Functions

Carbo-hydrates

Lipids xDoesn’t form polymers like

others

Nucleic acids Nucleic acid

Proteins

Proteins

Basics•Structural molecule of life

– The reason DNA exists (code for making protein)

Proteins

Basics•Structural molecule of life

– The reason DNA exists (code for making protein)

Proteins

Basics•Structural molecule of life

– The reason DNA exists (code for making protein)

•Increase reaction speed (enzymes)

• McGraw Hill – ANIMATION

Shape determines function

• Shape determines their function– What would impact

shape of protein molecules?

The building blocks of proteins:

Amino acids

Types of carbs

Types of carbs

Carb functions

LIPIDS

Lipid molecular structure

Butter vs. olive oil

Butter vs. olive oil

NUCLEIC ACID

Nucleic Acid

Nucleic acid function

• Hereditary information – Recipe for making

protein

CARBON – the backbone of life

CARBON – the backbone of life

WHY IS C SO SPECIAL?

WHY IS C SO SPECIAL?4 VALENCE ELECTRONS!!!!

WHY IS C SO SPECIAL?• 4 VALENCE ELECTRONS!!!!

• **And there’s a lot of it on Earth

4 valence electrons is important because…

–Bonds with many other elements, including other carbons• Result: huge, complex molecules)

How do molecules become big and

complex and suitable for life?

POLYMERIZATION• When you link up

monomers (individual molecular unit), you get polymers

– The process is called polymerization

Create an analogy that shows an understanding of

polymerization

POLYMERIZATION terms:

• Dehydration synthesis: monomers join together to synthesize polymers, and get dehydrated

• Hydrolysis: a polymer is broken into its monomers, and gets hydrated with water molecules

Polymerization of carbs

and the breakdown of polymers into monomers

Monomers Polymers

• Monosaccharides(carbs)

• Lipids

• Nucleotides

• Amino acids

• Polysaccharides

• N/A (sort of)

• Nucleic acids– Ex. DNA, RNA

• Proteins– a.k.a. polypeptide chains

Polymerization Animation links

• McGraw Hill – with enzymes• Bonding Animation