Oregon Biodiesel Sam Hammond HC399 Fall ‘08. Biodiesel Overview Can be made from plant oils or animal fats As well as used grease from restaraunts

Oregon BiodieselOregon Biodiesel

Sam HammondSam HammondHC399HC399Fall ‘08Fall ‘08

Biodiesel OverviewBiodiesel Overview

Can be made from plant oils or animal fatsCan be made from plant oils or animal fats As well as used grease from restaraunts and major food processing facilitiesAs well as used grease from restaraunts and major food processing facilities

Biodiesel can be blended with conventional diesel to run in normal diesel engines or it can be Biodiesel can be blended with conventional diesel to run in normal diesel engines or it can be used stand alone in modified diesel enginesused stand alone in modified diesel engines Usually B5 or B20Usually B5 or B20

Some Benefits of Biodiesel over conventional dieselSome Benefits of Biodiesel over conventional diesel Increases rural developmentIncreases rural development Greater Energy Security (renewable)Greater Energy Security (renewable) Less COLess CO22 emissions emissions

Average Exhaust Emissions for 100% Biodiesel Compared to Petroleum Diesel FuelAverage Exhaust Emissions for 100% Biodiesel Compared to Petroleum Diesel Fuel Regulated Exhaust Emissions B100Regulated Exhaust Emissions B100 Particulate Matter-47%Particulate Matter-47% Carbon Monoxide-48%Carbon Monoxide-48% Total Unburned Hydrocarbons-67%Total Unburned Hydrocarbons-67% Nitrogen Oxides+10%Nitrogen Oxides+10% Non Regulated EmissionsNon Regulated Emissions Sulfates-100%Sulfates-100% Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH)-80%Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH)-80% Nitrated Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (nPAH)-90%Nitrated Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (nPAH)-90% Speciated Hydrocarbons Ozone Forming Potential-50%Speciated Hydrocarbons Ozone Forming Potential-50%

Biodiesel OverviewBiodiesel OverviewBasic Production from cropsBasic Production from crops

The steps in biodiesel production from crops can be layed out in fairly The steps in biodiesel production from crops can be layed out in fairly basic termsbasic terms

The first step is to plant, grow, then harvest the oilseed crops being The first step is to plant, grow, then harvest the oilseed crops being processedprocessed

The harvest needs to then be transported to the processing facilityThe harvest needs to then be transported to the processing facility Oil extration via cold press or hexane extractionOil extration via cold press or hexane extraction Then process resulting oil into biodieselThen process resulting oil into biodiesel

Biodiesel OverviewBiodiesel OverviewBasic Production from Basic Production from waste oilswaste oils

This is a much simpler process since it does not involve waiting for crops being This is a much simpler process since it does not involve waiting for crops being grown. Some biodiesel crops are also only seasonal, but this process can be done grown. Some biodiesel crops are also only seasonal, but this process can be done year roundyear round

Basically, the oil from restaurants, food processing facilities, and other sources has Basically, the oil from restaurants, food processing facilities, and other sources has to be collected and transported to the biodiesel production facilityto be collected and transported to the biodiesel production facility

Then it can be cleaned and processed into biodieselThen it can be cleaned and processed into biodiesel

Biodiesel Production Biodiesel Production ByproductsByproducts

Two main byproducts:Two main byproducts: GlycerolGlycerol SeedmealSeedmeal

What is to be done with the byproducts?What is to be done with the byproducts?

Basic Biodiesel EquationBasic Biodiesel Equation

www.biodiesel.org/pdf_files/fuelfactsheets/prod_quality.pdf

www.biodiesel.org/pdf_files/fuelfactsheets/prod_quality.pdf

Biodiesel Production in Biodiesel Production in OregonOregon

There are currently only two facilities in There are currently only two facilities in Oregon that produce biodieselOregon that produce biodiesel SeQuential BiofuelsSeQuential Biofuels Green Fuels of OregonGreen Fuels of Oregon

Biodiesel Production in OregonBiodiesel Production in OregonCrops that are can/are grown in Oregon Crops that are can/are grown in Oregon to use as biodieselto use as biodiesel

Oregon climate offers a variety of oilseed Oregon climate offers a variety of oilseed crops that can be grown herecrops that can be grown here Canola, Rapeseed, Mustard, Camelina, Flax Canola, Rapeseed, Mustard, Camelina, Flax

Seed, and SafflowerSeed, and Safflower

Biodiesel Production in Biodiesel Production in OregonOregonSeQuential BiofuelsSeQuential Biofuels

Processing facility is currently in SalemProcessing facility is currently in Salem 1 million gallons / year1 million gallons / year

They primarily used used cooking oilThey primarily used used cooking oil Secondary use of oilseed cropsSecondary use of oilseed crops

Partners with Willamette Biomass Partners with Willamette Biomass ProcessorsProcessors Crush 100 million pounds of oilseed / yearCrush 100 million pounds of oilseed / year

Currently looking to expand Salem facilityCurrently looking to expand Salem facility

Limiting Factors of biodiesel Limiting Factors of biodiesel production in Oregonproduction in Oregon

Current restriction on canola in Current restriction on canola in Willamette ValleyWillamette Valley

If changed, it’s estimated that 50,000 If changed, it’s estimated that 50,000 acres could be used for oilseed cropsacres could be used for oilseed crops

This could furnish an 8 to 10 million This could furnish an 8 to 10 million gallon biodiesel facilitygallon biodiesel facility


Factors that cannot be changedFactors that cannot be changed Currently in Eastern Oregon canola can only Currently in Eastern Oregon canola can only

be grown twice in a five year cyclebe grown twice in a five year cycle In Western Oregon canola can only be In Western Oregon canola can only be

grown once in a four year cyclegrown once in a four year cycle

Limits production of biodieselLimits production of biodiesel


Feedstock prices have majorly increasedFeedstock prices have majorly increased Canola doubled since 2006Canola doubled since 2006 Soybean nearly doubledSoybean nearly doubled Methanol has tripledMethanol has tripled


Lack of infrastructureLack of infrastructure Not enough crushing facilities to support Not enough crushing facilities to support

biodiesel productionbiodiesel production

Currently minor crushing capacity and a Currently minor crushing capacity and a lone plant in Salem making biodiesellone plant in Salem making biodiesel


Low Demand for biodieselLow Demand for biodiesel Many consumers do not realize that Many consumers do not realize that

biodiesel actually has less emissions than biodiesel actually has less emissions than regular dieselregular diesel

They think it is just the same as normal They think it is just the same as normal dieseldiesel


Currently biodiesel facilities rely on incentives Currently biodiesel facilities rely on incentives to create market pull and provide money to to create market pull and provide money to help cover cost of productionhelp cover cost of production

Feedstock is 80% of the priceFeedstock is 80% of the price Prices used to be about 13 cents a poundPrices used to be about 13 cents a pound

Which turns in about $2.44/gallon biodiesel for Which turns in about $2.44/gallon biodiesel for productionproduction

2008 canola prices are 27 cents per pound2008 canola prices are 27 cents per pound Which turns to $5.06/gallon production costWhich turns to $5.06/gallon production cost

http://http://www.sqbiofuels.comwww.sqbiofuels.com// http://www.oregon.gov/ODA/do_reports_biodiehttp://www.oregon.gov/ODA/do_reports_biodie

sel.shtml#Biodiesel_processing_steps_and_bysel.shtml#Biodiesel_processing_steps_and_byproductsproducts

http://www.willamettebiomass.com/http://www.willamettebiomass.com/ http://www.biodiesel.com/http://www.biodiesel.com/ http://encoreoils.com/http://encoreoils.com/ www.www.biodieselbiodiesel

.org/pdf_files/fuelfactsheets/prod_quality.pdf.org/pdf_files/fuelfactsheets/prod_quality.pdf

Documents

Oregon Biodiesel Sam Hammond HC399 Fall ‘08. Biodiesel Overview Can be made from plant oils or animal fats As well as used grease from restaraunts