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IC-ANMBES 2012, May 25
CHARACTERISATION OF BIOMASS USED FOR FISCHER-TROPSCH BIOFUELS
SYNTHESIS
Anca SAUCIUC [email protected] DUMITRESCUIleana MANCIULEAClaudia ZAHAGerald WEBERReinhard RAUCHHermann HOFBAUER
OBJECTIVES• Characteristics of biomass used for synthesis gas production
• Gasification of biomass at CHP Güssing
• Fischer-Tropsch synthesis in slurry reactor and Ru-Co/Al2O3
____________________________
Proximate analysis: moisture, total solids, ash content, density Cellulose content Lignin content Content of substances soluble in water UV-VIS of aqueous extracts FTIR analysis Ultimate analysis: C, H, N, S, O concentrations, gross and net
calorific values
Gas composition BTX Sulfur content
MOTIVATIONS____________________________
Pretreatment Gasification Gas cleaning
FT synthesis
FT upgrading
BIOMASS DIESEL
Depletion of fossil fuels reserves Increase of fossil fuels prices Increase of greenhouse gases emissions First generation of biofuels – biodiesel: feedstock availability,
competition between biodiesel production and food industry, toxicity
CLEAN TECHNOLOGIES FOR BIOFUELS – BtL TECHNOLOGY
____________________________FISCHER-TROPSCH SYNTHESIS
syngas hydrocarbons
cat.
Wood Forest residues Agriculture residues Industrial residues Organic domestic wastes Sewage sludge
BIOMASS RESOURCES
____________________________EXPERIMENTAL
• Moisture – oven drying method (105 ºC, 4 h)
• Total solids – oven drying method (105 ºC, 4 h)
• Ash content – loss of ignition method (550 ºC, 4 h)
• Density – cylinder method – irregular shaped
• Cellulose content – nitro-alcoholic dosing method
____________________________EXPERIMENTAL
• Lignin content – Klason-Komarov method
• Content of substances soluble in water
• UV-VIS spectra of aqueous extracts – Perkin-Elmer Lambda 25
• IR spectra of biomass – Perkin-Elmer FT-IR spectrophotometer
• C, H, N, S, O % – EA3000
• Gross and Net calorific value (Obernberger et al., Biomass and Bioenergy 27 (2004) 653-669)
____________________________CHP PLANT GÜSSING
(A. Sauciuc et al., International Conference on Renewable Energies and Power Quality ICREPQ 2011)
____________________________
____________________________FISCHER-TROPSCH PLANT
(A. Sauciuc et al., Environmental Engineering and Management Journal 10 (2011) 1325-1334)
____________________________PROXIMATE ANALYSIS OF BIOMASSProperty M.U. Wood chips
(Güssing)Wood
Obernberger, Biomass and Bioenergy 27
(2004)Sample
ISample
IISample
IIIMean
Extrinsic moisture
[wt%] 42.85 39.31 39.77 40.64 -
Intrinsic moisture
[wt %] 7.63 6.38 6.73 6.91 7.7
Total solids
[wt%] 92.37 93.62 93.27 93.09 92.3
Ash content
[wt%] 1.76 1.95 1.71 1.81 0.51
Density [g/ml] 0.52 0.47 0.5 0.5 0.6
____________________________CELLULOSE AND LIGNIN CONTENT
34.8 37.8 27.4 26.4 35.6 38 32.6 34.1
____________________________SUBSTANCES SOLUBLE IN WATER
8.6 6.8 7.5 6.3 7.4 6.6 7.8 6.6
____________________________UV-VIS SPECTRA OF AQUEOUS
EXTRACTS
200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900-0,2
0,0
0,2
0,4
0,6
0,8
1,0
1,2
1,4
1,6
Sample I Sample II Sample III
A%
nm200 210 220 230 240 250 260 270 280 290 300
-0,2
0,0
0,2
0,4
0,6
0,8
1,0
1,2
1,4
1,6
Sample I Sample II Sample III
A%
nm
275
282
218
220
202
205
____________________________IR SPECTRA OF BIOMASS WOOD CHIPS
4000 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500
86
88
90
92
94
96
98
100R%
cm-1
SampleI SampleII SampleIII
3800-30001600-1400
1180-750
____________________________IR SPECTRA OF BIOMASS WOOD CHIPS
4000 3800 3600 3400 3200 3000 280094
96
98
100
R%
cm-1
SampleI SampleII SampleIII
2000 1800 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600
86
88
90
92
94
96
98
100
R%cm-1
SampleI SampleII SampleIII
3800-3000 cm-1 – C-H (aliphatic structure); O-H (alcohols, phenols, carboxylic acids)
1600 cm-1 – C=O (aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids); C=C (aromatic hydrocarbons)
1460 cm-1 – C-H deformation (lignin and xylan)
1180-1020 cm-1 – C-O-C (polysaccharides)
____________________________ELEMENTAL COMPONENTS
Element M.U. Wood chips Wood chipsObernberger, Biomass and
Bioenergy 27 (2004)
Sample I Sample II
Sample III
Mean Conif. Decid. Bark
C [wt%] 46.94 47.45 46.9 47.1 51 49 54H [wt %] 5.78 5.87 5.99 5.88 6.3 6.2 6.1N [wt%] 0.4 0.64 0.37 0,47 0.1 0.1 0.5S [wt%] 0.57 0 0.01 0.19 0.02 0.02 0.1O [wt%] 46.31 46.05 46.72 46.36 42 44 40
GCV [MJ/kg] 18.42 18.66 18.56 18.55 20.87 19.8 21.8
NCV [MJ/kg] 14.43 14.88 14.67 14.66 - - -
____________________________SYNGAS ANALYSIS
____________________________SYNGAS ANALYSIS
____________________________FISCHER-TROPSCH PRODUCTS
Diesel fraction
____________________________CONCLUSIONS
• Proximate analysis → similar with the ones found in literature• Extrinsic and intrinsic moisture → influence on the biomass gasification
efficiency• Low content of cellulose and high content of lignin → decomposition of
polysaccharides due to high extrinsic moisture • Slightly acidic pH of aqueous extract → UV-VIS spectra showed the
presence of carboxylic acids and carbonyl groups at 210-220 nm and 270-280 nm
• FT-IR spectra – correlation with cellulose and lignin content• Significant variation of elemental components S and N → wood chips with
coniferous, deciduous and bark• H2/CO ratio → influence in the product distribution and selectivity• Wood chips → syngas suitable to Fischer-Tropsch synthesis and middle
distillate fraction production
____________________________
THANK YOU!
IC-ANMBES 2012, May 25
