ORACLE

1. A_____is a collection of all objects that a user has created.

Ans:-Data

2. Which of the oracle authentication mechanism is used to

management of the password for the account?

Ans: Database Account

3. A_______is a set of predefine resource parameter that can

be used to monitor control various database resources.

Ans:

4. PL/Sql is a _______structured language.

Ans: Block

5._______has made PL/SQL code run faster without requiring

any additional work on the part of the programmer.

Ans: Oracle

6. A line of PL/Sql contains groups of characters. Known as

lexical units.

7. There are two kinds of numeric literals can be used in

arithmetic expressions of PL/SQL they are integers and real’s.

8. Boolean literals are the predefined values TRUE and FALSE

and the non-value NULL.

9. The block headers specify whether the PL/SQL block is a

procedure, a function or a package.

10. In PL/SQL iterative control statements, a loop repeats a

sequence of statements.

11. The while loop enables you to evaluate a condition before a

sequence of statements would be executed.

12. The for loop will allow us to execute a block of code

repeatedly until some condition occurs.

13. There are two different types error condition in PL/SQL.

Unit-2

1. In PL/SQL function can be called by using ______

Ans: NAME

2. In PL/SQL procedure declaration resembles a function

declaration exempt that there is no DATA TYPE.

3. Triggers are used to define code that is executed fired when

certain action or event occur.

4. REPLACE is used to recreate if trigger already exists.

5. Cursors are PL/SQL constructs that enable you to process,

one row at a time that results of a multi row query.

6. There are two types of cursors, vise implicit cursors and

explicit cursors.

7. The data that is stored in the cursor is called the active data

set.

8. Opening a cursor executes the query and identifies the active

set that contains all the rows which meet the query search

criteria.

9. In the explicit cursor attributes of PL/SQL %found evaluates

to true when last fetch succeeded.

10. A package is a database object that groups logically

related.PL/SQL type’s object and subgroup-programs.

11. In PL/SQL the package specification contains Public

declarations.

12. The package body implements the package specification.

Unit-3

1. A database is a centralized repository of organization data.

2. Oracle 9i database product is made up three main

components.

3. The oracle instance consists of memory components of

oracle and various background processes.

4. In oracle 9i there are two types of initialization files namely

SPFILE and PFILE.

5. The oracle instance is made up of the system global area and

the background process.

6. In SGA circular buffer that stores all changes made in the

database is called as REDO LOG BUFFER.

7. In SGA the contents of the memory are shared by multiple

users is called as Shared pool.

8. The background process of the oracle instance is responsible

for performing Asynchronous I/O.

8. The PGA is used to process SQL statement and to hold logon

and other session

9. DATA FILE contain the data dictionary and user created data.

10. The control file keeps a record of the names, size and

location different physical files of the data.

11. REDO entries can be used to recover the database in the

event of the instance failure.

12. Password file is used to hold the name, of privileged users

who have been granted the SYDBA and SYSOPER roles.

13. starting up a database should be done by a privileged user.

14. during a proper shutdown of oracle database, there phases

________to the startup is performing in reverse order.

Ans: Complimentary

15. The end of the transaction is recorded in the REDO-LOG

files.

16. Oracle 9i product provides transparent application

scalability by sharing cluster-wide acnes for co-ordinate data

access.

17. Oracle 9i available in three, each of which is suitable for

different development and deployment ……..

UNIT-4

1. Instance is the collection of memory structures and oracle

background process that operates against an oracle database.

2. A table space is the highest level of logical objects in the

database.

3. A table space is further broken down into segment.

4. Extent is a contiguous group of blocks allocated for use as

part of a table, index and ……..

5. Database block is the smallest unit of allocation in an oracle

database.

6. An oracle data dictionary is a set of table and views that are

used as a read-only reference about the database.

7. A data dictionary is created when a database is created.

8. An oracle object type has two parts the specification and

body.

9. By default, oracles objects types are INSTANTTABLE.

10. IN ORACLE THERE ARE FOUR Kinds of method.

11. A STATIC method has no access to a current object.

12. A method modifier tells oracle that new subtype may not

override a method called FINAL.

13. You can add methods but not attributes to in object type

stored in the database using the ALTER TYPE statement.

UNIT-5

1. The two important aspects of a distributed database

are Distribution and Logical correlations.

2. In distributed database all local transaction are

managed by local computers and will therefore be called

as local application.

3. A hierarchical approach of administration like global

administrator, local administrator incorporated in

distributed database.

4. Data independence means that the actual

organization of the data is transparent to the

programmer.

5. The organization and economic motivation are

probably the most important reason for developing

distributed databases.

6. The distributed database approach supports a smooth

increment growth with a minimum degree of impact on

the already existing units.

7. The existence of several autonomous processor result

in the increase of performance through a high degree of

parallelism.

8. A DDMS helps in the creation and management of

distributed database.

9. An application requires the Auxiliary program to be

executed at the remote site, which access the remote

database and returns the result to requesting

application.

10. Each global relation is split into several non-

overlapping portions that are called as fragments.

11. Location transparency is a lower degree of

transparency and requires the user or application

programmer to work on fragments instead of global

relation.

12. Replication transparency means that the user is

unware of the replication of fragments.

13. Horizontal and vertical fragmentation can decompose

the global relation into fragments.

14. Horizontal fragmentation consists of partitioning the

tuples of a global into subsets.

15. The vertical fragments are obtained by projecting the

global relation over each group.

16. The reconstruction of mixed fragmentation can be

obtained by applying the reconstructing rules in reverse

order.

17. A typical example of integrity constraint is referential

integrity which requires that all values of a given

attributes exist also in some other relation.

18. The major problems in applying integrity checking

might increase the need of accessing remote sites.

UNIT-6

1. Designning the fragment is the actual procedure of

dividing the existing global relations into horizontal

vertical or mixed fragments locality.

2. In the objectives of design of data distribution

complete is an extended idea, which simplifies the

execution of application.

3. There are two classical approaches as far as

distributed databases design is concerned.

4. The design of global schema fragmentation schema

allocation schema and local schema is the step of top-

down approach.

5. The correction of primary fragmentation requires that

each global relation be selected in one and only one

fragment.

6. A distributed join is a join between horizontally

fragment relations.

7. In vertical partition problem the attributes are

progressively aggregated to constitute fragments; the

approach is called as grouping approach.

8. Vartical clustering is suggested where overlapping

attributes are not heavily updated.

9. In allocation of fragmentation, redundant allocation is

complex design since the degree of replication is a

variable of the problem.

10. The role of a distributed query processor is to map a

high level query on a distributed database into a

sequence of database operation on relational fragments.

11. Calculas query must be decomposed into a sequence

of relational operational called an algebraic query.

12. An important point of query is the time elapsed for

executing the query.

13. The resource time of the query is the time elapsed

for executing the query.

14. The communication cost is the time need for

exchanging the data between sited participating in the

execution of the query.

15. In distributed context, the output language is

generally some form of relational algebra ……with

communication primitives.

16. Dynamic query optimization requires statistics in

order choosing the operation that has to be done first.

17. For reliability purposes it is useful to have fragments

replicated at different sites.

18. How many layers are involved to map the distributed

query into an optimized sequence of local operations?

Ans: FOUR

19. The query decom layers decomposes the distributed

calculus query into an algebraic query on global relations.

20. The main role of the data localization layer is to

localize the query’s data using data distributions

information.

21. One basic technique for optimizing a sequence of

distributed join operations is through the semi-join

operator.

UNIT-7

1. The oracle server access the non –oracle system using

oracle 9i heterogeneous services.

2. The heterogeneous services agent communicates with

the non-oracle system and with the heterogeneous

services component in the oracle server.

3. In the features of heterogeneous services multi-

threaded agents reduce the number of required process

by taking advantage of multi-threaded server

capabilities.

4. Distributed query optimization reduces the amount of

required data transfer, when compared to transferring all

the table data to the local site for processing.

5. A Remote transaction is a transaction that contains

one or more remote statements, all of which reference

the same remote node.

6. A distributed transaction is a transaction that includes

one or more statement that, individually or as a group

update data on two or more distinct nodes of a

distributed database.

7. Transperency that application developers and

administrator to hide the physical location of database

objects from application and users is called location.

8. Oracles distributed database architecture also

provides query, update, and transaction transparency.

9. The site autonomy means that each server

participating in a distributed database is administrated

…….from all other database.

10. In an oracle client/server or distributed database

environment, you have two options to support global

authentication for users and roles.

11. Enterprise manager is oracle’s database

administration tool.

12. Oracle SNMP supports allows an oracle server to be

located and queried by any SNMP based network

management system.

13. In difference in query languages, even with the same

data model the languages their version.

UNIT-8

1. The activity of ensuring atomicity in the presence of

transaction aborts is called transaction recovery.

2. The completion of transaction is called commit.

3.A log contains information for undoing or redoing all

the actions performed by the transations.

4.The activity of providing durability of the transactions is

called database recovery.

5.the two possible communications errors are ,lost

messages and network partitions.

6.The node where the distributed transaction originates

is called the global coordinator .

7.If a database server is reffrenced in a distributed

transaction , the value of its commit point strength

determines which role it plays in the two-phase commit.

8.The global coordinator forgets about the transactions

phase is called forget phase.

9.After the nodes are prepared the distributed

transactions is said to be in-doubt.

UNIT-9

1.The transaction wants only to read the data item of

mode is called as shared mode.

2.A sophisticated locking mechanism known as 2-phase

locking which includes growing phase and shrinking

phase.

3.The second problem that is faced by the DTM is

deadlock detection.

4.The total ordering of oprations across groups ensures

serializability of transacton.

5.The order concurrency control technique is based on

the total ordering property.

6.The database manager for ensuring correct execution

in the presence of failures.

7. distributed transaction can be completely read only

and the transaction is started with a SET-TRANSACTION

READ-ONLY statement.

UNIT-10

1.Security is an essential part of any backup.

2.For a backup /restore system scalability is a …….for

service in an enterprise.

3.The recovery manager environment consist of the

various applicaton and database that play the role in a

backup and recovery strategy.

4.A stored script is a block of RMAN job commands that

is stored in the recovery catalog.

5.The enrolling of a database in a recovery catalaog is

called registration.

6.Most backup and recovery commands in RMAN are

executed by server sessions.

7.By image copy is an exact copy of a single datafile

achived redo log file ,or control file.

8.The remote backup site some called the secondary site.

9.The simplified approach to introducing redundancy is

to duplicate every disk is called mirroring.

10.RAID LEVEL known as memory-style error correcting

code (ECC)organization ,employs parity bits.