Oracle Excel

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www.functionx.com/excel/lesson1.html

drag (with the right mouse button) to the desktop. On the menu that appears, click Create Shortcu

technique you can use consists of opening My Computer, expanding the drive, the Program Files

Office folder, the Office12 folder, right-clicking Excel, clicking Create Shortcut, right-clicking thclicking Cut, right-click your desktop and click Paste.

If you are using My Computer or Windows Explorer, you can open the Program Filesfolder, then Microsoft Office, then Office, and double-click Excel

You can create an empty document on your desktop and use it to launch Microsoft Excel.To do that, you would right-click an empty area on the desktop, position the mouse on New-> Microsoft Office Excel Worksheet, type a name for the document, such as Time Sheet,

and press Enter twice

If you see a file in My Computer, Windows Explorer, My Network Places, MicrosoftOutlook, or you receive a document by e-mail, you can launch Microsoft Excel by double-clicking the file or the attachment

The classic way users launch Microsoft Excel is from the Start menu on the task bar. You can also start t

shortcut on the desktop. There are many ways you can create a shortcut on your desktop. To create a Mic

the desktop, do one of the following:

Practical Learning: Starting Microsoft Excel

To start Microsoft Excel, from the Taskbar, clickStart->(All) Programs -> Microsoft Office -> Microsoft Office Excel
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The Office Button

Introduction

When Microsoft Excel opens, it displays an interface divided in various sections. The top section display

the title bar.

The title bar starts on the left side with the Office Button . If you position the mouse on it, a tool t


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The Options of the Office Button

When clicked (with the mouse's left button), the Office Button displays a menu:


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As you can see, the menu of the Office Button allows you to perform the routine Windows operations of

including creating a new document, opening an existing file, or saving a document, etc. We will see thes

lessons.

If you right-click the office button, you would get a short menu:

We will come back to the options on this menu.

The Quick Access Toolbar

Introduction

On the right side of the Office Button, there is the Quick Access Toolbar . Like a norm

Access displays some buttons. You can right-click the Quick Access toolbar. A menu would appear:

If you want to hide the Quick Access toolbar, you can right-click it and click Remove Quick Access Too

button is used for, you can position the mouse on. A tool tip would appear. Once you identify the button

it.

Adding a Button to the Quick Access Toolbar

By default, the Quick Access toolbar is equipped with three buttons: Save, Undo, and Redo. If you want

more options, you can right-click the Quick Access toolbar and click Customize Quick Access Toolbar..Excel Options dialog box:


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To add a button to the Quick Access toolbar, on the left list of Add, click an option and click Add. After

click OK.

To remove a button from the Quick Access toolbar, right-click it on the Quick Access toolbar and click R

Access Toolbar.

The Quick Access Button

On the right side of the Quick Access toolbar, there is the Customize button with a down-pointing arrow

click this button, a menu would appear:
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The role of this button is to manage some aspects of the top section of Microsoft Excel, such as deciding

on the Quick Access toolbar. For example, instead of using the Customize Quick Access Toolbar menu i

previously, you can click an option from that menu and its corresponding button would be added to the Qthe options on the menu are nor enough, you can click either Customize Quick Access Toolbar or More C

open the Excel Options dialog box.

The main or middle area of the top section displays the name of the application: Microsoft Excel. You cato display a menu that is managed by the operating system.

On the right side of the title bar, there are three system buttons that allow you to minimize, maximize, re

Access.

Under the title bar, there is another bar with a Help button on the right side.

The Ribbon

Introduction

Under the title bar, Microsoft Excel displays a long bar called the Ribbon:


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Minimizing the Ribbon

By default, the Ribbon displays completely in the top section of Microsoft Excel under the title bar. One way the main menu appeared in previous versions of Microsoft Excel. To do this:

Right-click the Office Button, the Quick Access toolbar, or the Ribbon itself, and click Minimize Click or right-click the button on the right side of the Quick Access toolbar:

This would display the Ribbon like a main menu:

To show the whole Ribbon again:


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Right-click the Office Button, the Quick Access toolbar, or one of the Ribbon menu items, and clto remove the check mark on it

Click or right-click the button on the right side of the Quick Access toolbar and click Minimize thcheck mark on it

Double-click one of the menu items of the RibbonChanging the Location of the Ribbon

By default, the Quick Access toolbar displays on the title bar and the Ribbon displays under it. If you walocations. To do that, right-click the Office Button, the Quick Access toolbar, or the Ribbon, and click Sh

Toolbar Below the Ribbon:

To put them back to the default locations, right-click the Office Button, the Quick Access toolbar, or the

Quick Access Toolbar Above the Ribbon.

The Tabs of the Ribbon

The ribbon is a type of property sheet made of various property pages. Each page is represented with a ta

You can click its label or button, such as Home or Create You can press Alt or F10. This would display the access key of each tab:

To access a tab, you can press its corresponding letter on the keyboard. For example, when the ac

press Home, the Home tab would display

If your mouse has a wheel, you can position the mouse anywhere on the ribbon, and role the whe


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down, the next tab on the right side would be selected. If you role the wheel up, the previous tab

selected. You can keep rolling the wheel until the desired tab is selected

To identify each tab of the Ribbon, we will refer to them by their names.

The Sections of a Tab

Each tab of the ribbon is divided in various sections, each delimited by visible borders of vertical lines onsection displays a title in its bottom side. In our lessons, we will refer to each section by that title. For ex

displays Font, we will call that section, "The Font Section".

Some sections of the Ribbon display a button . If you see such a button, you can click it. This would o

window.

The Buttons of the Ribbon

Since there are various buttons and sometimes they are unpredictable, to know what a particular button iposition your mouse on it. A small box would appear to let you know what that particular button is used called a tool tip:

You can also use context sensitive help in some cases to get information about an item.

You can add a button from a section of the Ribbon to the Quick Access toolbar. To do that, right-click th

and click Add to Quick Access Toolbar:


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Remember that, to remove a button from the Quick Access toolbar, right-click it on the Quick Access tooFrom Quick Access Toolbar.

The More Buttons of the Ribbon

In some sections of the Ribbon, on the lower-right section, there is a button:

That button is used to display an intermediary dialog box for some action. We will see various examples

The Size of the Ribbon

When Microsoft Excel is occupying a big area or the whole area of the monitor, most buttons of the RibbSometimes you may need to use only part of the screen. That is, you may need to narrow the Microsoft E

some of the buttons may display part of their appearance and some would display only an icon. Considerfollowing three screenshots:


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The Work Area

The Name Box

Under the Ribbon, there is a white box displaying a name like A1 (it may not display A1...), that small boBox:

The Insert Function Button

On the right side of the Name box, there is a gray box with an fx button. That fx button is called the Inse

The Formula Bar

On the right side of the Insert Function button is a long empty white box or section called the Formula B

You can hide or show the Formula Bar anytime. To do this, on the Ribbon, click View. In the Show/Hid

To hide the Formula Bar, remove the check mark on the Formula Bar check box


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To show the Formula Bar, check the Formula Bar check boxThe Column Headers

Under the Name Box and the Formula bar, you see the column headers. The columns are labeled A, B, C

There are 255 of columns.

The Row Headers

On the left side of the main window, there are small boxes called row headers. Each row header is labele

at 1 on top, then 2, and so on:

The Cells

The main area of Microsoft Excel is made of cells. A cell is the intersection of a column and a row:


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A cell is identified by its name and every cell has a name. By default, Microsoft Excel appends the namea column to identify a cell. Therefore, the top-left cell is named A1. You can check the name of the cell i

Practical Learning: Using Cells

1. Click anywhere in the work area and type A(It doesn't matter where you click and type)

2. Click another part of the worksheet and type 42XL3. Click again another place on the worksheet type Fundamentals and press Enter

The Scroll Bars

On the right side of the cells area, there is a vertical scroll bar that allows you to scroll up and down in ca

display everything at a time:


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In the lower right section of the main window, there is a horizontal scroll bar that allows you to scroll lef

worksheet has more items than can be displayed all at once:

Sometimes the horizontal scroll bar will appear too long or too narrow for you. If you want, you can narrthis, click and drag the button on the left side of the horizontal scroll bar:

The Sheet Tabs

On the left side of the horizontal scrollbar, there are the worksheet tabs:


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By default, Microsoft Excel provides three worksheets to start with. You can work with any of them and

time by clicking its tab.

The Navigation Buttons

On the left side of the worksheet tabs, there are four navigation buttons:

If you happen to use a lot of worksheets or the worksheet names are using too much space, which wouldworksheets being hidden under the horizontal scroll bar, you can use the navigation buttons to move from

another.

The Status Bar

Under the navigation buttons and the worksheet tabs, the Status Bar provides a lot of information about t

Microsoft Excel File Operations

Saving a File

A Microsoft Excel file gets saved like any traditional Windows file. To save a file:

You can press Ctrl + S On the Quick Access Toolbar, you can click the Save button You can click the Office Button and click Save

Two issues are important. Whenever you decide to save a file for the first time, you need to provide a file

The file name helps the computer identify that particular file and register it.

A file name can consist of up to 255 characters, you can include spaces and dashes in a name. Although t

you can use in a name (such as exclamation points, etc), try to avoid fancy names. Give your file a namerecognizable, a little explicit. For example such names as Time Sheets, Employee's Time Sheets, GlobalE

explicit enough. Like any file of the Microsoft Windows operating systems, a Microsoft Excel file has an

but you don't have to type it in the name.

The second important piece of information you should pay attention to when saving your file is the locat

drive and/or the folder where the file will be saved. By default, Microsoft Excel saves its files in the My can change that in the Save As dialog box. Just click the arrow of the Save In combo box and select the f

Microsoft Excel allows you to save its files in a type of your choice. To save a file in another format:


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Press F12 or Shift + F12 You can click the Office Button and position the mouse on Save As and select the desired option

On the Quick Access Toolbar, you can click the Save button . Then, in the Save As dialog boxSave As Type combo box and select a format of your choice

There are other things you can do in the Save As dialog box:


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Practical Learning: Saving a File

1. To save the current document, on the Quick Access Toolbar, click the Save button2. Type Fundamentals3. Click the Save button

Saving under a Different Name and New Folder

You can save a file under a different name or in another location, this gives you the ability to work on a coriginal is intact.

There are two primary techniques you can use to get a file in two names or the same file in two locations

being used by any application, in Windows Explorer (or in My Computer, or in My Network Places, loca

and choose Copy. To save the file in a different name, right-click in the same folder and choose Paste. Th

Copy Of... You can keep that name or rename the new file with a different name (recommended). To savlocation, right-click in the appropriate folder and click Paste; in this case, the file will keep its name.

In Microsoft Excel, you can use the Save As dialog box to save a file in a different name or save the file

different name) in another folder. The Save As dialog box also allows you to create a new folder while y

(you can even use this technique to create a folder from the application even if you are not saving it; all ythe folder, click OK to register the folder, and click Cancel on the Save As dialog box).

Practical Learning: Save a File With Different Settings

1. To save this file using a different name, click the Office Button, position the mouse on Save As, aWorkbook

2. Change the name of the file to Employment Application


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3. On the toolbar of the Save As dialog box, click the Create New Folder button (if you have a hard+ 5

4. Type My Workbooks and press Enter. The My Files folder should now display in the Save In coCancel or pressed Esc now to dismiss the Save As dialog box, the computer would still keep the f

5. After making sure that the My Files folder displays in the Save In combo box, click the Save buttOpening a File

The files you use could be created by you or someone else. They could be residing on your computer, onnetwork. Once one of them is accessible, you can open it in your application.

You can open a document either by double-clicking its icon in Windows Explorer, in My Computer, fromFolders window, in My Network Places, or by locating it in the Open dialog box. To access the open dia

menu, click File -> Open... You can also click the Open button on the Standard toolbar.

A shortcut to call the Open dialog box is Ctrl + O.

Practical Learning: Using the Open Dialog

1. Click the Office Button and click Open2. In the Open dialog box, click the arrow of the Look In combo box, select (C:); the (C:) represents3. Locate the folder that contains your exercises and display it in the Look In combo box4. Click Allentown Car Sales15. Click the Open button

Files Properties

Every file has some characteristics, attributes, and features that make it unique; these are its properties. Yproperties from three main areas on the computer:

If the file is saved on the desktop and/or it has a shortcut on the desktop, if you open My Computthe folder (as a window) where the file is stored, right-click the file and click Properties. If the fildesktop, you would see only some of its properties, the most you can do there is to assign a Read

Computer and Windows Explorer, you will be able to change the file's properties.

Before opening a file or while in the Open dialog box, you can view some of the file's properties able to change them.

When the file is opened in Microsoft Excel, you can click the Office Button, position the mouse oProperties. This would display some of the most common attributes of the file:


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To change an item, you can click its text box and edit or replace the content. To get more options

Document Properties button and click Advanced Properties...

A file's properties are used for various reasons. For example, you can find out how much size the file is u

(the hosting drive and/or folder), who created the file, or who was the last person to access or modify it. T

is also a good place to leave messages to other users of the same file, about anything, whether you work want to make yourself and other people aware of a particular issue regarding the file.

Practical Learning: Changing a Files Properties

1. You should still have the Allentown Car Sales1 document opened. Otherwise open it.Click the Office Button -> Prepare -> Properties

2. Click the Document Properties button and click Advanced Properties...3. Click the General tab. Notice the icon associated/registered with the file. Review the created, mod4. Click the Summary property sheet5. Click the Title text box and type Allentown Car Sales6. Click the Subject text box and type Weekly car sales summary7. Click the Manager text box and type Georgia Delaine8. Click the Category text box and type Employees Sales Results9. Click the Keywords text box and type accounting, sales, review, employees, cars10.Click the Comments text box and type This is a summary sales review, if you have any concer

Georgia Delaine, the Sales Accounts Manager. If you make any changes, send her an e-mail


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11.Click the Statistics, Contents, and Custom tabs to review their content12.Click OK to register the changes and close the dialog box13.To close Microsoft Excel, click the Office Button and click Exit Excel


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The Columns of a Spreadsheet

Columns Fundamentals

Introduction to Columns

Imagine you have a list of students whose grades you want to organize to be able to easily view andanalyze them. When creating the list, you can start with their names. Here is an example:

First Name Last Name

Roland Becker

Chrissy Groans

Robert Farell

Alexa Schwitts

Because these are students, you may also add their courses to the list where you would enter theirgrades. Here is an example:

First Name Last Name English History Geography Math

1. Roland Becker 10.50 12.00 12.00 16.50

2. Chrissy Groans 12.00 14.50 14.00 12.75

3. Robert Farell 16.00 15.50 16.50 14.50

4. Alexa Schwitts 15.50 14.00 16.00 16.50

This type of list is referred to as a sheet or a spreadsheet. To organize its information, this type of list use

as categories of information. In this case, the categories are First Name, Last Name, English, History, GeChemistry, and Physics. On a spreadsheet, each category arranged vertically is called a column. As you c

list and as we will learn in the next section, each column has a name and borders so it can be identified fr

Practical Learning: Introducing Columns

Open the RTHS1 fileIdentifying a Column

To make it easy to create a type of list like the above, Microsoft Excel provides a ready-made arrangeme

identify each category of the list, a column is created as a vertical object. On top of each column, there iscolumn header. As seen in the previous lesson, the columns are organized as a row of (blue) bars:


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To distinguish each column, it has a name. The name of a column displays in the column header. The nam

three letters. The most left column is called, and is labeled, A. The second has a label of B, and so on.

A Microsoft Excel document contains 16,384 columns going from Column A to Column XFD:

When you start a document in Microsoft Excel, the application makes all these columns available. You ca few, but they are always available.

Among the various ways you can use a column, we will see in various sections that you can click it or us

column. You can also right-click a column. When you do, an expanded menu would appear:


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Practical Learning: Checking Columns

1. To review the columns, click and hold the mouse on the right arrow button of the horizontal scrol

2. Release the mouse and press Ctrl + HomeColumns Selections

At times you will almost want to alter the display of a column or various columns. You have to select thacolumns first. Another reason you may need to select a column or a group of columns is because you wo

action on it. Some of these issues will be addressed soon, some others will be reviewed as we move on.


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You can select a column or a group of columns using the mouse, the keyboard, or a combination of both

To select a column using the mouse, position the mouse on the column header:

and click (with the left mouse button) a column header; it would get selected and all small boxes

To select a column using the keyboard, click anything under it, then press and hold Ctrl. While CSpace bar and release Ctrl.

You can also select more than one column. Selecting columns in a range consists of selecting adjacent co

type of selection, you can use either the mouse or a combination of the mouse and the keyboard:

To select columns in a range using the mouse, click one column header and hold the mouse downdirection of the range


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To select a range of columns using the mouse and the keyword, click one column at one end of thand hold Shift. Then click the column at the other end, and release the mouse.

Random selection consists of selecting columns that are not adjacent. For example, this allows you to selTo do this, click one column header, press and hold Ctrl. Then click each desired column header. When y

desired columns, release the mouse.

Practical Learning: Selecting Columns

1. To select a column, click the column header D2.

To select more than one column, click column header C and hold the mouse down. While the moright until column F is selected, then release the mouse


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3. To select columns in another range, click column header B4. Press and hold Shift, then click column header E5. Release Shift6. To select columns at random, click column header H7. Press and hold Ctrl8. Click column headers B, E, and C9. Release Ctrl10.Click any box under column header G11.To select a column with the keyboard, for example column G, press Ctrl + Space12.Press Ctrl + Home

Adding or Deleting Columns

Inserting a New Column

As mentioned already, Microsoft Excel has columns named from A to XFD with a maximum of 16384. Myou to add a column. Actually, you can insert a column on the left side of an existing column. When you

internally removes the very last column to keep the count to 16384.

To add a new column:

Right-click the column header of the column that will be on the right side of the new column you


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Insert

Click the column header or any box under it. On the Ribbon, click Home. In the Cells section, clInsert and click Insert Sheet Columns

To add more than one column, first select the columns, whether in a range or randomly. Then:

Right-click one of the columns (whether one of the column headers or a box of one of the selecteon the right side of the new columns you want to create, and click Insert

(After selecting the columns,) On the Ribbon, click Home. In the Cells section, click the arrow buInsert Sheet Columns

If you select columns randomly (non-adjacent), a new column would be created on the left side of each o

To undo any of these actions:

On the Quick Access toolbar, click the Undo button Press Ctrl + ZPractical Learning: Adding Columns

1. Right-click Column Header E and click Insert2. Click Column Header C3. On the Ribbon, click Home if necessary.

In the Cells section, click the arrow button under Insert and click Insert Sheet Columns4. Press Ctrl + Home


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5. Save the documentRemoving a Column

If you find out that you have a column you do not want, you can remove it. To remove a column:

Right-click the column header and click Delete Click the column header or any box under it. On the Ribbon, click Home. In the Cells section, cl

Delete Sheet Columns

To delete more than one column, first select the columns, whether in a range or randomly. Then:


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Right-click one of the columns (whether one of the column headers or a box of one of the selecteDelete

(After selecting the columns,) On the Ribbon, click Home. In the Cells section, click Delete and cColumns

If no box under the column header has anything, you would not receive a warning and the column wouldleast one of the boxes under the column header has a value, you may receive a warning to indicate wheth

with the operation or not.


On the Quick Access toolbar, click the Undo button Press Ctrl + ZPractical Learning: Deleting Columns

1. Right-click Column Header C and click Delete2. Press Ctrl + Home

The Width of Columns

Introduction

To display the information under it, a column uses a measure from its left border to its right border. Thisits width. By default, when Microsoft Excel comes up, all columns use the same width. You are allowed

one column or a group of columns.

There are various techniques you can use to change the width of a column. You can manually resize a co

columns, or you can use a dialog box to exercise more control.

Manually Resizing the Columns

To manually resize a column, position the mouse on the short line that separates a column header from itan example:

Click, then drag left or right until the small box displays the width you desire, then release the mouse.

You can also resize a group of columns. First, select the columns you want to work on. Then position theheader border of one of the selected columns. Click and drag left or right in the direction of your choice u

with. Then release the mouse.

To undo this action:


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On the Quick Access toolbar, click the Undo button Press Ctrl + ZPractical Learning: Controlling the Widths of Columns

1. Position the mouse between columns H and I until the mouse turns into a short line with double h

2. Then double-click. That resizes column H3. Position the mouse on the separator of column headers B and C, then click and drag in the right d

box displays Width: 10.00

4. Release the mouse5.

In the same way, position the mouse on the separator of column headers C and D, then click and until the small box displays Width: 10.00

6. Press Ctrl + Home7. To save the document, press Ctrl + S

Automatically Resizing the Columns

If one of the boxes under a column header displays the width you want, you can resize the column to the


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do this, click the box that has the desired width. Then:

Double-click the short line that separates the column header from the column on its right (if you acolumn, that will be the line that serves as the column's right border)

On the Ribbon, click Home. In the Cells section, click Format and click AutoFit Column Width

In the same way, to set the widths of columns based on some boxes under their columns headers, select th

we will learn how to select the boxes). Then:

Double-click the short line on one side of the column headers On the Ribbon, click Home. In the Cells section, click Format and click AutoFit Column Width


On the Quick Access toolbar, click the Undo button Press Ctrl + ZPractical Learning: Automatically Resizing the Columns

1. Randomly select Columns D, F, G, and I


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2. On the Ribbon, click Home if necessary.In the Cells section, click the Format button, and click AutoFit Column Width

3. Press Ctrl + Home

4. Save the documentSetting the Width Value of Columns

You can use a dialog box to set exactly the desired width of a column or a group of columns. To specify

Right-click the column header and click Column Width... Click a column header or any box under it. Then, on the Ribbon, click Home. In the Cells section

Column Width...

To specify the same width for many columns:

Select a range of columns. Right-click one of the columns (right-click either one of the column hselection) and click Column Width...

Randomly select a group of (non-adjacent) columns. Right-click one of the column headers and c Select the columns, whether in a range or randomly (non-adjacent). On the Ribbon, click Home.

Format and click Column Width...


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Any of these actions would open the Column Width dialog box. From there, accept or enter the desired v


On the Quick Access toolbar, click the Undo button Press Ctrl + ZPractical Learning: Setting the Width of Columns

1. Right-click Column Header J and click Column Width...2. Type 6.50 and press Enter3. Press Ctrl + Home

Columns and Their Content

Introduction

You may have noticed that, in the documents we have used so far, there are some values under some colucolumn is primarily a group of values, you can copy its values to the clipboard and put them in another c

Moving Columns

In our introduction, we saw that columns assume some default positions when Microsoft Excel starts. Onspreadsheet, you can move a column from its current position to another.

To move a column, first click its column header to select it. Position the mouse on one of the vertical lin

Click and hold your mouse down. Drag left or right. Two vertical lines would guide you. When you get t


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location, release the mouse.

When you move a column, its boxes move but it assumes the lettered name of the new location so the na

the alphabetic sequence.

To move a group of columns, select them. Position the mouse on one of the vertical lines of the selection

Click and hold your mouse down. Drag left or right. Vertical lines would guide you. When you get the co

location, release the mouse. When you move the columns, their boxes move but they assume the lettered

location with the appropriate alphabetic sequence.

Copying and Pasting Columns

As mentioned already, when moving one or more columns, their location changes. In some cases, you mcolumn(s) but only its(their) content. To support this, the operating system provides the clipboard and M

level of support for it. In other words, you can copy the contents of column(s) to the clipboard and paste column(s).

To copy the contents of a column to the clipboard:

Right-click the column header and click Copy Click the column header. On the Ribbon, click Home. In the Clipboard section, click Copy

After copying a column to the clipboard, all of its values are made available. To put those values on anot

Right-click the target column header and click Paste Click the column header. On the Ribbon, click Home. In the Clipboard section, click Paste


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Cutting the Contents of Columns

As seen already, if you move one or more columns, they go with their contents. If you copy the contents have duplicate (contents) of columns. As an alternative, you can move only the values of columns, not th

The Microsoft Windows operating system supports this operation through cutting to the clipboard.

To temporarily move the contents of a column to the clipboard to wait to be pasted:

Right-click the column header and click Cut Click the column header. On the Ribbon, click Home. In the Clipboard section, click Cut

After cutting a column to the clipboard, if you do not want to paste it anywhere, you can press Esc. If yo

another column:

Right-click the target column header and click Paste Click the column header. On the Ribbon, click Home. In the Clipboard section, click Paste

To temporarily move the contents of many columns to the clipboard to wait to be pasted, select the colum

Right-click either one of the column headers or inside the selection, and click Cut On the Ribbon, click Home. In the Clipboard section, click Cut

If you want to paste the values to another group of columns:

Right-click a target column header and click Paste Click a column header. On the Ribbon, click Home. In the Clipboard section, click Paste

When you paste, the values of the boxes under the original columns would be emptied.

Hiding, Freezing, and Splitting Columns

Hiding and Revealing Columns

When working on a list, you dont always need all columns displaying all the time. You can hide a columrequired at a particular time. In Microsoft Excel, you can hide one or more columns.

To hide one column:

Right-click the column and click Hide Click the column header. On the Ribbon, click Home. In the Cells section, click Format, position

Unhide, and click Hide Columns


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When a column has been hidden, its letter disappears from the sequence and the line between the previou

than the other dividing lines:

To hide many columns, select the columns. Then:

Right-click one of the column headers or inside the selection and click Hide On the Ribbon, click Home. In the Cells section, click Format, position the mouse on Hide & Un

Columns

To reveal the hidden columns:

Right-click any column header and click Unhide On the Ribbon, click Home. In the Cells section, click Format, position the mouse on Hide & Un


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Columns

Practical Learning: Hiding a Column

1. Right-click Column E and click Hide2. Save the document

Freezing One or More Columns

If you have a list wider than the Microsoft Excel area can show, you can scroll to the right to see hidden scrolling to the right, some columns would be disappearing from the left section of the Microsoft Excel i

you can freeze a column so that, when you scroll to the right, a column or some columns would be fixed

Also, the column(s) from the left of the frozen column would not move either.

To freeze a column, click the column header of the column that will lead the moving columns. On the Ri

Window section, click Freeze Panes, and click Freeze Panes.

Practical Learning: Freezing a Column

1. Open the RTHS2 file2. Click Column Header E3. On the Ribbon, click View4. In the Window section, click Freeze Panes5. Press Ctrl + Home

6. Scroll to the right. Notice that Column D and its left columns are not moving


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7. In the Window section of the Ribbon, click Freeze Panes and click Unfreeze PanesSplitting the Columns

An alternative to freezing is to split the group of columns into two sections. Just as done for the freezingcolumn to use as reference and scroll the columns from its side. To split the group of columns in two, cli

the ribbon, click View. In the Window section, click Split. This would display a bar:


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The similarities between the freezing and splitting are as follows:

The columns are divided in two groups The user can scroll the columns from the right side of the divider

The differences between the freezing and splitting are as follows:

If you freeze a column, you can scroll the columns on the right side of the frozen line but you canfrom the left side of the frozen line. If you split the columns, you can scroll the columns from eithside of the splitting bar

If you freeze a column, you cannot move the freezing line to another column (you would have to then re-freeze). If you split the columns, you can move the splitting bar to the left or the right

If you freeze a column, to remove the frozen line, you use the Ribbon. If you split the columns, toline, you can double-click it or, in the Window section of the View tab of the Ribbon, you can cli

Practical Learning: Splitting the Columns

1. Click Column Header I2. In the Window section of the Ribbon, click the Split button3. Press Ctrl + Home4. Position the mouse on the split bar


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5. Scroll in the left frame6. Scroll in the right frame7. In the Window section of the Ribbon, click the Split button8. Close Microsoft Excel. If asked whether you want to save, click No


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The Rows of a Spreadsheet

Rows Fundamentals

Introduction to Rows

In the previous lesson, we saw that a spreadsheet organizes its information in categories called

columns. To show the values in a spreadsheet, each column holds a particular value that corresponds

to another value in the same horizontal range. While the values under a column should (in most casesmust) be the same, the values in a horizontal range can be different. The group of values that

correspond to the same horizontal arrangement is called a row.

Consider the following list we introduced in the previous lesson:
http://www.functionx.com/excel/index.htm


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First Name Last Name English History Geography Math

Roland Becker 10.50 12.00 12.00 16.50

Chrissy Groans 12.00 14.50 14.00 12.75

Robert Farell 16.00 15.50 16.50 14.50

Alexa Schwitts 15.50 14.00 16.00 16.50

This contains many rows. The first row contains the values Roland, Becker, 10.50, 12.00, 12.00, 16.50, 1second row contains the values Chrissy, Groans, 12.00, 14.50, 14.00, 12.75, 12.00, and 10.50. As you ca

many rows and each row has its own values.

Although each row in the above list has a value for each column, it is not unusual to have empty areas unsometimes a row would even have only one value even though there are many columns available.

As a spreadsheet application, when Microsoft Excel starts it creates the rows you will need. As a matter o

Excel 2007 creates 1,048,576 rows.

Like the columns, each row is labeled. The rows are labeled from Row 1 to Row 1048576. These labels

the left side of the Microsoft Excel interface. Each box that shows the label of a row is called a row head


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You can use just a few of the rows for your assignment but all of them are always available.

When using a row, you can click it or use the keyboard to get to it. You can also right-click a row. Whenwould appear:


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Rows Selections

As done with columns, you can select one row or a group of rows. You can also select rows at random. Yselections using the mouse, the keyboard, or a combination of both.

You can use only the mouse to select rows:

To select a row using the mouse, position the mouse on a row header. The mouse cursor would chpointing arrow. Then click:

To select a range of rows using the mouse, click one row header and hold the mouse down. Thenthe range:


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You can also use only the keyboard

To select a row using the keyboard, make sure a box on its right side is selected (in the next lessocan press the arrow keys to select one of those boxes). Press and hold Shift. While Shift is still do

and release Shift

To select many rows using only the keyboard, use the above technique to select the starting row. press either the up or the down arrow key. When the range of rows has been selected, release Shi

You can also use a combination of the mouse and the keyboard to select one or more rows:

To select a range of rows using a combination of the mouse and the keyboard, click one row at onrange. Press and hold Shift. Then click the row at the other end, and release the mouse.

To select rows at random using a combination of the mouse and the keyboard, click one row headThen click each desired row header. When you have selected the desired rows, release the mouse

would be highlighted:

Practical Learning: Selecting Rows

1. Open the RTHS3.xlsx file2. To select a row, click the row header 53. To select more than one row, click row 8 and hold the mouse down. While the mouse is still dow

row 12 is selected


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4. Release the mouse

5. Click any box on the right side of Row Header 146. To select a row, for example row 14, press Shift + Space7. To deselect, press Ctrl + Home

The Heights of Rows

Introduction

To display the contents of boxes on its right, a row uses a certain height. The height is the distance from borders of the row. There are various techniques you can use to change the height of a row, using approx

precise.

Manually Heightening or Shrinking the Rows

To manually change the height of a row, position the mouse on the lower border that separates it from th


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the last row). Here is an example:

Click, then drag up or down until you get the desired height, then release the mouse.

You can also resize a group of rows. First, select the rows as we described above. Then position the mou

of one of the selected rows. Click and drag up or down in the direction of your choice until you get the d

release the mouse.

To undo this action:

On the Quick Access toolbar, click the Undo button Press Ctrl + ZPractical Learning: Controlling the Heights of Rows

1. Position the mouse between Row Headers 2 and 3 until the mouse turns into a short line with dou2. Then double-click. That resizes Row 23. Position the mouse on the separator of Row Headers 3 and 4, then click and drag up until the sma

2.25

4. To save the workbook, press Ctrl + SAutomatically Setting the Heights of Rows

If one of the boxes on the right side of a row header is too short or too tall, you can change the height of

Double-click the bottom border of the row Click the row header or a box on that row. On the Ribbon, click Home. In the Cells section, click

AutoFit Row Height:


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On the Quick Access toolbar, click the Undo button Press Ctrl + ZPractical Learning: Automatically Resizing the Columns

1. Click Row Header 52. On the Ribbon, click Home if necessary.

In the Cells section, click the Format button, and click AutoFit Row Height3. Press Ctrl + Home


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4. Save the documentSetting the Height Values of Rows

You can use a dialog box to set exactly the desired height of a row or a group of rows. To specify the hei

Right-click the row header and click Row Height... Click a row header or any box on its right side. Then, on the Ribbon, click Home. In the Cells sec

click Row Height...

To specify the same height for many rows:

Select a range of rows as we saw earlier. Right-click one of the rows (either one of the row headeand click Row Height...

Randomly select a group of (non-adjacent) rows. Right-click one of the row headers and click Ro Select the rows. On the Ribbon, click Home. In the Cells section, click Format and click Row He

This would call the Row Height dialog box where you can type the desired value and click OK or press E


On the Quick Access toolbar, click the Undo button Press Ctrl + ZPractical Learning: Setting the Width of Columns

1. Right-click Row Header 6 and click Row Height...2. Type 1 and Click OK3. Press Ctrl + Home


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4. Save the file

Container Operations on Rows

Adding a New Row

In our introduction, we saw that Microsoft Excel creates and makes available over a million rows you caspreadsheet. In the next lesson, we will see that you can use the boxes on the right sides of the row heade

values of your spreadsheet. One of the result is that, at times, you will want to create a row between two

Excel provides all the means you need to add one or more new rows to a list. When you add a new row, Mthe last row to keep the count to 1,048,576.

You can only insert a new row above an existing one. To insert a new row:

Right-click the row header that will be below the new one you want to add, and click Insert Click the row header or any box on the right side. On the Ribbon, click Home. In the Cells sectio

Insert and click Insert Sheet Rows

To add more than one row, first select the rows, whether in a range or randomly. Then:

Right-click one of the rows (whether one of the row headers or a box of one of the selected rows)selected rows, and click Insert

(After selecting the rows,) On the Ribbon, click Home. In the Cells section, click the arrow button


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Sheet Rows

If you select rows randomly (non-adjacent), a new row would be created below each of the selected rows


On the Quick Access toolbar, click the Undo button Press Ctrl + ZPractical Learning: Adding Columns

1. Right-click Column Header 1 and click Insert2. Press Ctrl + Home

Deleting a Row

If you have a row you do not need anymore, you can delete it. To delete a row:

Right-click the row header and click Delete Click the row header or any box on its right side. On the Ribbon, click Home. In the Cells section

Delete Sheet Rows

To delete more than one row, first select the rows, whether in a range or randomly. Then:

Right-click one of the rows (whether one of the row headers or a box on the right side of one of thclick Delete

(After selecting the rows,) On the Ribbon, click Home. In the Cells section, click Delete and clickTo undo any of these actions:

On the Quick Access toolbar, click the Undo button Press Ctrl + ZPractical Learning: Deleting Columns


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1. Right-click Row Header 1 and click Delete2. Click Row Header 43. On the Ribbon, click Home if necessary.

In the Cells section, click the Delete button (or click the arrow under the Delete button and click D

4. Press Ctrl + HomeMoving Rows

As reviewed for a columns, a row can be treated as a container of values. As such, it can be moved from

another and would carry all the values on the right side of its row header.

To move a row, first click its row header to select it. Position the mouse on one of the horizontal lines of

Click and hold your mouse down. Drag up or down. Two horizontal lines would guide you. When you ge

location, release the mouse.

When you move a row, its boxes move but it assumes the appropriated number based on its new locationwould be kept.

To move a group of rows, select them. Position the mouse on one of the horizontal lines of the selection:

Click and hold your mouse down. Drag up or down. Horizontal lines would guide you. When you get thelocation, release the mouse. When you move the rows, their boxes move but they assume the numbers of


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the appropriate numeric sequence.

Copying and Pasting Rows

When moving one or more rows, their location changes and they keep the values on the right sides of the

Sometimes, you may not want to move the row(s) but only their values. This means that you can copy thand paste them where you want.

To copy a row to the clipboard:

Right-click the row header and click Copy Click the row header. On the Ribbon, click Home. In the Clipboard section, click Copy

After copying a row to the clipboard, all of its values are made available. To put those values on another

Right-click the target row header and click Paste Click the row header. On the Ribbon, click Home. In the Clipboard section, click Paste

Cutting the Contents of Rows

Instead of moving a row and its values, you can instead moving only its values but keep the row wherevesupport this operation, you can cut a row to the clipboard and paste its values to another row.

To temporarily move a row to the clipboard to wait to be pasted:

Right-click the row header and click Cut Click the row header. On the Ribbon, click Home. In the Clipboard section, click Cut

After cutting a row to the clipboard, if you do not want to paste it anywhere, you can press Esc. If you wrow:

Right-click the target row header and click Paste Click the row header. On the Ribbon, click Home. In the Clipboard section, click Paste

To temporarily move the contents of many rows to the clipboard to wait to be pasted, select the rows as w

Right-click either one of the row headers or inside the selection, and click Cut On the Ribbon, click Home. In the Clipboard section, click Cut

If you want to paste the values to another group of rows:

Right-click a target row header and click Paste Click a row header. On the Ribbon, click Home. In the Clipboard section, click Paste

When you paste, the values of the boxes under the original rows would be emptied.


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Hiding and Revealing Rows

The rows of a list display their values as necessary. Sometimes, you may not need to see all the rows. Yothe rows you need and (temporarily) hide those you do not need. You can hide one row or you can hide a

To hide a row:

Right-click the row and click Hide Click the row header. On the Ribbon, click Home. In the Cells section, click Format, position the

Unhide, and click Hide Rows

When a row has been hidden, its row header disappears from the numeric sequence and the line between

thicker than the other dividing lines.

To hide many rows, select the rows. Then:

Right-click one of the row headers or inside the selection and click Hide On the Ribbon, click Home. In the Cells section, click Format, position the mouse on Hide & Un

Rows

To reveal the hidden rows:


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Right-click any row header and click Unhide On the Ribbon, click Home. In the Cells section, click Format, position the mouse on Hide & Un

Rows

Freezing One or More Rows

When using a long list, you can scroll up and down as necessary. While scrolling down, some rows woulthe top. When scrolling down, some rows would disappear from the bottom. If you want, you can freeze

scroll down, a top row the rows above it would not move.

To freeze a row, click the row header of the row that will lead the moving rows. On the Ribbon, click Vi

section, click Freeze Panes, and click Freeze Panes.

Practical Learning: Freezing a Row

1. Click Row Header 62. On the Ribbon, click View3. In the Window section, click the Freeze Panes button and click Freeze Panes4. Press Ctrl + Home


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5. Scroll down to Row 76:


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6. In the Window section of the Ribbon, click Freeze Panes and click Unfreeze PanesSplitting the Rows

Instead of freezing the rows, you can divide the Microsoft Excel series of rows into two groups. Then yowhile the other is fixed.

To split the rows in two groups, click a row header. On the ribbon, click View. In the Window section, c

display a bar.

As mentioned for the columns, the similarities between the freezing and splitting are as follows:

The rows are divided in two groups The user can scroll the rows from the bottom side of the divider

The differences between the freezing and splitting are as follows:

If you freeze a row, you can scroll the rows below the frozen line but you cannot scroll the rows a


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you split the rows, you can scroll the rows from either the top or the bottom side of the splitting b

If you freeze a row, you cannot move the freezing line to another row (you would have to unfreezfreeze). If you split the rows, you can move the splitting bar up or down

If you freeze a row, to remove the frozen line, you use the Ribbon. If you split the rows, to removcan double-click it or, in the Window section of the View tab of the Ribbon, you can click the Sp

Practical Learning: Splitting the Rows

1. Click Row Header 212. In the Window section of the Ribbon, click the Split button3. Press Ctrl + Home4. Position the mouse on the split bar

5. Scroll in the top frame6. Scroll in the bottom frame7. In the Window section of the Ribbon, click the Split button8. Close Microsoft Excel. If asked whether you want to save, click Yes


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Notice that the context-sensitive menu is divided in two sections; a toolbar and a menu window. Through

see what the buttons and the menu items represent.

The Location of a cell

Whatever you are doing on a cell, it is always important to know what cell you are working on. The miniyou need about a cell is to know which one you are using at a particular time. To make this recognition a

an address also called a location. This address or location also serves as the cell's primary name.

To know the location of a cell, you refer to its column and its row. The combination of the column's nam

provides the address or name of a cell. When you click a cell, its column header becomes highlighted in the row header of a selected cell is highlighted in orange. To know the name of a cell, you can refer to th


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located at the intersection of columns and rows' headers:

Practical Learning: Identifying a Cell

1. Open the RTHS4.xlsx file2. Click any cell in the document and notice its name in the Name Box3. Press Ctrl + Home

Selecting Cells

Introduction

Before doing anything on a cell or a group of cells, you must first select it. Selecting cells is almost equiv

word in a text document. Various means are available to select a cell or a group of cells. You can use the


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only, or a combination of the mouse and keyboard.

Selecting a Cell

At almost any time, at least one particular cell is selected. The selected cell has thicker borders than the o

referred to as the active cell. This is important because you always need to know where the changes you applied. This means that, whatever you type or format will apply to that particular cell. Sometimes you w

cells simultaneously. Therefore, you first have to select the intended cells before proceeding.

As mentioned already, you can select a cell using the mouse, the keyboard, or a combination:

To select a cell using the mouse, just click it. To select another cell, click the new one To select a cell using the keyboard, since you may have to move focus from one active cell to ano

until the desired cell is selected

To select a cell based on its name and using the mouse and keyboard, click in the Name Box, andof the cell

To select the first cell of the document using the keyboard only, press Ctrl + HomePractical Learning: Selecting Cells

1. To select one cell at a time, click cell B62. Click cell C43. Click cell E84. Press the down arrow key5. Press the right arrow key three times6. Press Ctrl + Home

Selecting Cells

Instead of only one cell, you may want to perform a common operation on many cells, which means you

You can use the mouse, the keyboard, or a combination. You can select cells based on columns or based cells in a particular region; that is, adjacent cells, or you can select non-adjacent cells:

To select all cells of a column:o Click the column header


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o In the Name box, type the name of a cell of that column and press Enter. Then press Ctrl a To select all cells of a series of columns, select those columns as seen in Lesson 2 and notice that

columns are selected

To select all cells of a row:o Click the row header as seen in Lesson 3o In the Name box, type the name of a cell of that row and press Enter. Then press Shift and

To select all cells of a series of rows, select those rows as seen in Lesson 3 and notice that all cellselected rows are highlighted

To select cells in the same region using the mouse only, click and hold your mouse on one cell, thor right, to the last cell in the range

To select cells in the same region using the keyboard only, press the arrow keys a few times untilcorner is selected. Press and hold Shift. Press the arrow keys left, right, up, or down. If you press currently highlighted cell and the cell to its right would be selected. If you press the down arrow k

the cell under it will be highlighted. You can also press the left or up arrow key. You can press th

in the direction of your choice. Once you have achieved the selection you want, release the Shift

To select non-adjacent cells, click one of the cells. Press and hold Ctrl. Click each of the desired ccomplete, release Ctrl

To select all cells on a worksheet, you can press Ctrl + A. Alternatively, you can click the button row header and row headers

Practical Learning: Selecting Cells

1.

To select multiple cells on the same column, click Column Header C2. To select multiple cells on the same row, click Row Header 153. To select cells in a range, click and hold the mouse on cell B8, your mouse turns into a big + sign4. Drag the mouse in the right direction until 17.50 in cell F8 is selected, then release the mouse. No

selected


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5. Click Cell C76. Press and hold Shift7. Then click Cell C15 and release Shift


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8. Click cell C7 and hold the mouse down9. Drag the mouse right and down to cell E11 to include it in the highlighted range10.Release the mouse. That selects adjacent cells in the same area


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11.Click Cell B612.Press and hold Shift13.Press the down arrow key twice14.Press the right arrow key 4 times15.Release Shift16.Press Ctrl + Home17.To select cells at random, click cell D9. Press and hold Ctrl. While you are holding Ctrl, click cel18.Release Ctrl


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19.Press Ctrl + Home20.To select all cells, click the button on the intersection of the row and row headers21.To deselect, click cell C422.Press Ctrl + Home

Lessons Conventions

From now on, unless specified otherwise, the following conventions will be used

Instruction Means

Click G5 Click cell G5

Select B2:F8Select cells from B2 to F8, and that will include all cells in the

range B2 to F8

Select cells D4, B10, A2, and H16 Select only those cells at random

Click cell F4Using your mouse, click cell F4. On the other hand, if I writepress F4, I mean using your keyboard, press function key F4.


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Remember that "click" refers to using the mouse and "press"

refers to using the keyboard

Select row 4Position the mouse on the row header which is the gray box

where the row number is displaying, then click

Select rows 4 and 5 Use one of the methods we learned to select the row headersSelect rows 4:8 Use one of the methods we learned to select the row headers

Select row EPosition the mouse on the row header which is the gray box

where the row letter(s) is displaying, then click

Select rows D and F Use one of the methods we learned to select the row headers

Select rows C:H Use one of the methods we learned to select the row headers

The Size of a Cell

Introduction

A cell uses a combination of the width of its parent column and the height of its parent role to determine the width of a cell is the width of its column and its height is that of its row. Therefore, to change or spec

use the technique of setting the width of columns or the height of cells as we saw in Lessons 3 and 4.

Controlling the Widths of Cells

In future lessons, we will see how to enter values in cells. We will find out that it is not unusual that the c

beyond its normal size. To show the hidden content of a cell, you can resize it.

As seen in Lesson 2:

To control the width of all cells of a column, position the mouse on the separating line between twleft or right until you get the desire width. Then release the mouse.

To change the widths of cells of a group of columns, first select the columns, whether in a range mouse on the column header border of one of the selected columns. Click and drag left or right in

choice until you get the desired with. Then release the mouse.

If a cell under a column header displays the width you want, click the box that has the desired wio Double-click the separating line between the column headero On the Ribbon, click Home. In the Cells section, click Format and click AutoFit Column

If many columns have some cells width a desired width, select those cells as we saw earlier. Theno Double-click the separating line on one side of the column headerso On the Ribbon, click Home. In the Cells section, click Format and click AutoFit Column

To precisely set the width of cells under a column:o Right-click the column header and click Column Width...o Click a column header or any of its cells. On the Ribbon, click Home. In the Cells section

Column Width...

To specify the same width for many columns:o Select a range of columns. Right-click either one of the column headers or inside the selec

Width...


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o Randomly select a group of (non-adjacent) columns. Right-click one of the column headeWidth...

o Select the columns, whether in a range or randomly (non-adjacent). On the Ribbon, click section, click Format and click Column Width...

Any of these actions would open the Column Width dialog box. From there, accept or enter the d


On the Quick Access toolbar, click the Undo button Press Ctrl + ZPractical Learning: Setting the Widths of Cells

1. Click Cell D4 to select it2. On the Ribbon, click Home if necessary.

In the Cells section, click Format and click AutoFit Column Width3. Select Cells E4:I44. In the Cells section of the Ribbon, click Format and click Column Width...5. Type 10 and click OK6. Press Ctrl + Home

Controlling the Heights of Cells

In Lesson 3, we saw different techniques of setting or controlling the heights of rows. Actually, these app

side of the rows. As a reminder:

To change the height of the cells of a row, click the lower border of a row header. Drag up or dowdesired height. Then release the mouse

To change the height of cells on the right sides of a group of rows, first select the rows. Position tborder of one of the selected rows. Click and drag up or down in the direction of your choice unti

height. Then release the mouse.

If the cells on the right side of a row header are too short or too tall, to change their height:o Double-click the bottom border of the row headero Click the row header. On the Ribbon, click Home. In the Cells section, click Format and c

To precisely specify the height of cells of a row:o Right-click the row header and click Row Height...o Click a row header or any box on its right side. Then, on the Ribbon, click Home. In the C

and click Row Height...

To precisely set the same height for cells of many rows:o Select a range of rows. Right-click either one of the row headers or inside the selection ano Randomly select a group of (non-adjacent) rows. Right-click one of the row headers and co Select the rows. On the Ribbon, click Home. In the Cells section, click Format and click R

This would call the Row Height dialog box where you can type the desired value and click OK or


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On the Quick Access toolbar, click the Undo button Press Ctrl + Z

Adding Cells

Creating Cells Vertically

As mentioned already, when Microsoft Excel starts, it creates billions of cells for you. As we will see in then use the cells to enter the values you want in your spreadsheet. As a list displays its values, you may

between two existing cells.

In Lesson 2, we saw that you could insert a new column to get new cells on the left side of a series of exi

using the column to perform this operation, you can do it from inside the cells.

To add a new column:

Right-click a cell that belongs to the column that will follow the new column and click Insert... Tdialog box. To insert a new column, click the Entire Column radio button before clicking OK:

Click a cell. On the Ribbon, click Home. In the Cells section, click the arrow button under Insert Columns

Click a cell. On the Ribbon, click Home. In the Cells section, click the arrow under Insert and cliwould open the Insert dialog box. To insert a new column, click the Entire Column radio button a

When you perform any of these operations, a new column would be created on the left side of the columor right-clicked:


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To add more than one column, first select the cells, either in a range:

Or at random:


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Then:

Right-click one of the selected cells and click Insert... In the Insert dialog box, click the Entire Coclick OK

Click a cell. On the Ribbon, click Home. In the Cells section, click the arrow under Insert and cli Click a cell. On the Ribbon, click Home. In the Cells section, click the arrow under Insert and cli

would open the Insert dialog box. To insert a new column, click the Entire Column radio button a

When you perform one of these actions, if the cells were selected in a range, the same number of column

left side of the range that was selected. If the selected cells where not adjacent, new columns would be cr

the column of each cell that was selected or on the left side of each group of cells that were selected.

The techniques of inserting columns that we saw in Lesson 2 and above are used to add a complete colum

want to create, add, or insert a new cell between two existing cells. To perform this operation vertically,

Excel to consider a cell, move all cells under it by one step down. Once this is done, you would be presencell where the other was.

To insert a cell vertically between two cells:

Right-click the cell that will be pushed down along with the cells under it, and click Insert...


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Click the cell that will be pushed down along with its bottom neighbors. On the ribbon, click Homclick the arrow button under Insert, and click Insert Cells...

Any of these actions would call the Insert dialog box. From it, to insert a cell and push the other cells dow

Down radio button:


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When you click OK, each cell would be pushed down up to the cell that must be created:

In the same way, you can first select cells in a column, either in a range or randomly, and insert new cell



Creating Cells Horizontally


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In Lesson 3, we saw that you could add a new row to get a new series of cells aligned horizontally. Thosperformed from cells.

To add a new row:

Right-click a cell that belongs to the row that will be below the new row and click Insert... This wdialog box. To insert a new row, click the Entire Row radio button and click OK

Click a cell. On the Ribbon, click Home. In the Cells section, click the arrow button under Insert Sheet Rows

Click a cell. On the Ribbon, click Home. In the Cells section, click the arrow under Insert and clicwould open the Insert dialog box. To insert a new column, click the Entire Column radio button a

Any of these actions would add a new row above the cell that was selected.

To add more than one column, first select the cells, either at random or in a range

Then:

Right-click one of the selected cells and click Insert... In the Insert dialog box, click the Entire RoOK

Click a cell. On the Ribbon, click Home. In the Cells section, click the arrow under Insert and cli Click a cell. On the Ribbon, click Home. In the Cells section, click the arrow under Insert and cli

would open the Insert dialog box. To insert a new column, click the Entire Row radio button and

If the cells were selected in a range, the same number of rows would be created above the cells. Imagine

not adjacent:


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If you insert the rows, a new row would be inserted above each selected row:


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Any of these techniques adds a complete row to the list. Sometimes, you will only want to add a new celExcel to push some cell to the right and create room for one or more new cells.

To insert a cell horizontally between two cells:

Right-click the cell that will be pushed to the right along with the cells on its right, and click Inse Click the cell that will be pushed to the right along with its right neighbors. On the ribbon, click H

click the arrow button under Insert, and click Insert Cells...

Any of these actions would call the Insert dialog box. From it, to insert a cell and push the others to the r

Right radio button.



Removing Cells

Introduction


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Besides adding cells, a list maintenance also consists of deleting or moving cells. In Lesson 2, we saw hocolumns. The problem is that, when you delete a column, all of its cells a lost. In the same way, if you de

are lost also. Sometimes you want to remove only one or more cells but keep the other cells of the same

Fortunately, Microsoft Excel supports various techniques of removing cells from a list.

Instead of deleting a whole column, you can delete just one cell or more cells. Because a cell is surround

must indicate what would happen to the other cells or how they would adjust to he new empty spot.

Deleting a Cell

Before deleting a cell, you first make it active. Then you specify if, by removing it, the cells on on its rig

left to close the left empty space. The alternative it to draw the cells from under it up. When the cell has b

cells from the right side have been move left, Microsoft Excel adds a new cell from the last column. If th

Microsoft Excel creates a cell in the last position of that column.

To delete a cell:

Right-click the cell and click Delete...


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Click the cell. On the Ribbon, click Home. In the Cells section, click Delete and click Delete CellThis would display the Delete dialog box. To

To delete more than one row, first select the rows, whether in a range or randomly. Then:

Right-click one of the rows (whether one of the row headers or a box on the right side of one of thclick Delete

(After selecting the rows,) On the Ribbon, click Home. In the Cells section, click Delete and clickTo undo any of these actions:


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Introduction to Worksheets

Worksheets Fundamentals

Introduction

In the previous lessons, we have been referring to a group of cells as a list. The group of cells thatconstitute a spreadsheet is referred to as sheet and those cells are spread all over it. For this reason, adocument whose main purpose is to present a list as a group of cells is referred to as spreadsheet.

As you may realize, Microsoft Excel's primary purpose is to help you create lists using readilyavailable cells spread on a sheet that resembles a piece of paper. For this reason, Microsoft Excel is

referred to as a spreadsheet application. In Microsoft Excel, the list of cells of a document is called aworksheet.

When Microsoft Excel starts, it creates three worksheets. If you don't need all of them, you can

delete those that appear useless. You can also add new worksheets as you see fit. If you wantMicrosoft Excel to always start with less or more worksheets, you can change its default settings inthe Excel Options dialog box accessible from the Office Button
http://www.functionx.com/excel/index.htmhttp://www.functionx.com/excel/index.htm


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Even when they belong to the same document, worksheets can be treated as independent entities, althou

they be treated as a unit.

Selecting a Worksheet

In some circumstances, you will need to perform a general action on a worksheet.

Before doing this, you may need to select the contents of the whole worksheet

first.

Since there are usually many worksheets presented to you, each is represented by

a tab on the lower left corner. Therefore, to select a worksheet:

You can click its tab


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You can press and hold Ctrl. Then press either Page Up or Page Down. Once the desired workshcan release Ctrl

If you have many worksheets, to select a range of worksheets, click a tab that is considered one end of th

Shift, then click the tab at the end of the range and release Shift.

To select worksheets at random, click one of the desired worksheets. Press and hold Ctrl. Then click eac

When the selection has been made, release Ctrl.

Practical Learning: Selecting the Contents of a Worksheet

1. Open the Grier Summer Camp1 workbook2. To select a worksheet, in the lower left corner, click Sheet3

3. To select another worksheet, click Sheet2


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4. Press and hold Ctrl5. Press Page Up. Notice that you are switched to Sheet16. Press Page Down7. While you are still holding Ctrl, press Page Up. Notice that you are now in Sheet18. Release Ctrl9. Click Sheet1 if necessary.To select more than one worksheet, press and hold Ctrl and Shift10.Press Page Down once. Notice that Sheet1 and Sheet2 have been selected

11.Press Page Down again to select three worksheets12.Release Ctrl and Shift then click Sheet1

Worksheets Names

The starting worksheets are named Sheet1, Sheet2, and Sheet3. You can change any or all of these work


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To rename a worksheet:

You can double-click its sheet tab, then type a new name You can right-click a sheets tab, click Rename, and type the new name While a certain worksheet is selected, on the Ribbon, click Home. In the Cells section, click Form

Sheets section, click Rename Sheet:

Then type the new name, and press Enter

Practical Learning: Naming Worksheets

1. To rename the first worksheet, double-click the Sheet1 tab to put it in edit mode2. Type Request For Time Off3. To rename the second worksheet, right-click the Sheet2 tab and click Rename from the shortcut m4. Type Tuition Reimbursement5. To rename the third worksheet, click Sheet3 to make it the active worksheet6. On the Ribbon, click Home if necessary.

In the Cells section, click Format and click Rename Sheet

7. Type Time Sheet and press Enter


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8. Save the documentThe Gridlines and Headings of a Worksheet

Showing the Gridlines of Cells

To show the limits of a cell, it displays borders around it. These borders are also referred to as gridlines.show or hide the gridlines.

To hide the gridlines of cells of a worksheet, on the Ribbon:

Click Page Layout. In the Sheet Options section, under Gridlines, remove the check mark on Vie


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Click View. In the Show/Hide section, remove the check mark on the Gridlines check box


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To show the gridlines again:

In the Sheet Options section of the Page Layout tab of the Ribbon, under Gridlines, put a check mbox

In the Show/Hide section, of the View of the Ribbon, click the Gridlines check boxPractical Learning: Hiding the Gridlines

1. Click the Request For Time Off tab2. On the Ribbon, click View3. In the Show/Hide section, click the Gridlines check box to uncheck it


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4. Click the Tuition Reimbursement tab5. Press and hold Ctrl6. Click the Time Sheet tab7. On the Ribbon, click Page Layout8. In the Sheet Options section, under Gridlines, click the View check box9. Save the file

Showing the Headings of a Worksheet

We were introduced to columns in Lesson 2 and to rows in Lesson 3. We also saw the columns start in t

headers and the rows start on the left by row headers. The column headers and the row headers are chara

This means that you can show or hide the column headers or the row headers for a worksheet while the h

shown for another worksheet.

By default, the column headers and the row headers display on their worksheet. To hide the headers:


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On the Ribbon, click View. In the Show/Hide section, remove the check mark on the Headings c

Click Page Layout. In the Sheet Options section, under Headings, remove the check mark on Vie


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To show the headers again:

In the Show/Hide section, of the View tab of the Ribbon, click the Headings check box In the the Sheet Options section of the Page Layout tab of the Ribbon, click the Headings checkPractical Learning: Hiding the Gridlines

1. Click the Request For Time Off tab2. Press and hold Shift3. Click the Time Sheet tab4. On the Ribbon, click View5. In the Show/Hide section, click the Headings check box to uncheck it


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6. Click the Tuition Reimbursement tab7. Click the Request For Time Off tab8. Save the file

The View of a Worksheet

Introduction

The regular view of a worksheet is referred to as normal. It shows one large and long display of columnsAccess allows you to choose among many other views.

Changing the View of a Worksheet

Instead of the regular or normal view, to change how a worksheet displays its cells, on the Ribbon, click


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the buttons in the Workbook View section:

Normal: This is the regular view of a worksheet Page Layout: This would divide the cells into various groups depending on the width of the cell

Page Break Preview: This view shows how the pages would be printed by dividing the workshe


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Full Screen: The worksheet would use the whole screenTo get the regular view from Page Layout or Page Break Preview, you can click the Normal button. To gFull Screen, you can press Esc.

Operations on Worksheets

The Sequence of Worksheets

By default, worksheets are positioned in a numbered format that makes it easy to count them. More oftecreating a few of them, you are not satisfied with their positions. You should be able to reposition them

your particular scenario.

To move a worksheet, click and hold the mouse on its tab, then move the mouse in the direction of your moving the worksheet, the mouse pointer will turn into a white piece of paper and a small down-pointing


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Once the small triangle is positioned in the desired location, release the mouse.

Practical Learning: Controlling Worksheets Positions

1. Click and hold the mouse on the Request For Time Off tab2. Move the mouse in the right direction. Notice that the mouse pointer turns into a white piece of p

triangle that guides you

3. Once the small triangle is positioned between Tuition Reimbursement and Time Sheet, release th

4. Now we will move the Time Sheet worksheet because that is the form that employees are using oanything else.Click the hold the mouse on the Time Sheet tab

5. Move the mouse in the left direction6. When the small triangle is positioned to the left of Tuition Reimbursement, release the mouse7. Save the file

Adding New Worksheets

As mentioned already, when Microsoft Excel starts, by default, creates three worksheets. We also mentithis default number in the Excel Options dialog box. You can add a new worksheet anytime if you judge

Some workbooks are quite complete with just one worksheet, but others need as many worksheets as po


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worksheets you use in a particular workbook is conditioned by your needs and the memory of your com

To add a new worksheet to a workbook:

Click the small tab on the right side of the existing tabs

Click the worksheet tab that will succeed the new worksheet and press Shift + F11 On the Ribbon, click Home. In the Cells section, click the arrow under the Insert button and click

Right-click a sheet tab and click Insert... This would display the Insert dialog box:


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From the Ins

Documents

Oracle Excel