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Oracle Database on Windows: Best Practices and Future Directions Alex KehPrincipal Product Manager, Server Technologies, Oracle

Agenda

• Supported Operating Systems• Oracle Database 11g: New Features• Database Architecture• Best Practices for 32-bit Windows• Active Directory

Best Price/Performance on Windows

• #1 TPC-C Price/Performance amongst all platforms• Oracle Database 11g on Windows

• …And Oracle has the #1 TPC-C Performance also

TPC-C by Price/Performance 11g SQL 2005

Highest Ranking Benchmark 1st 3rd

Price/tpmC $0.73 $0.84

tpmC 102,454 82,774

Publication Date 9/12/07 3/27/07

TPC-C by Price/Performance 11g SQL 2005

Highest Ranking Benchmark 1st 3rd

Price/tpmC $0.73 $0.84

tpmC 102,454 82,774

Publication Date 9/12/07 3/27/07

As of 5/12/08: HP ProLiant ML350G5, 102,454 tpmC, $.73/tpmC available 12/31/07. HP Integrity Superdome Server, 4,092,799 tpmC, $2.93 tpmC, available 8/6/07

(#1 TPC-C performance). Source: Transaction Processing Performance Council (TPC) www.tpc.org

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Windows Operating Systems Supported

Windows 32-bit Platform Support

Operating System 9i R2 10g R1 10g R2 11g

Windows 2000 Yes Yes Yes Yes

Windows XP Professional Yes Yes Yes Yes

Windows Server 2003 Yes Yes Yes Yes

Windows Vista No No Yes Yes

Windows Server 2008 No No Planned TBD

Planned – Latest DB patchset available at the time

TBD – To be determined. Will be announced later.

Windows 64-bit Platform Support

Operating System 9i R2 10g R1 10g R2 11g

Windows Server 2003 for Itanium

Yes Yes Yes TBD

Windows XP & Windows Server 2003, x64 Editions

No No Yes Yes

Windows Vista for x64 systems

No No Planned Yes

Windows Server 2008 for x64 Systems

No No Planned TBD

Windows Server 2008 for Itanium

No No TBD TBD

Planned – Latest DB patchset available at the time

TBD – To be determined. Will be announced later.

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Oracle Database on Windows Architecture

Architecture: Thread Model

Oracle process

3GB or

8TBtotal

Code

SGA

SGA containsDB buffers,log buffersshared pool,other memoryallocations

Each threadconsists ofPGA, stack,other memoryallocations

Background and foreground threads

Database Architecture

• Thread model• Not a straight port of Oracle’s process architecture

• 3GB (32-bit) or 8TB (64-bit) maximum memory per database instance• VLM support allows more than 3GB on 32-bit

• Runs as a Windows service process• No limits on memory, connections, resources except

those imposed by the operating system

• Large Page support• For instances with large memory requirements, large page

support can improve performance• Set Registry parameter ORA_LPENABLE to 1• 32-bit – 4KB default – 2MB• Itanium – 8KB default – 16MB• x64 – 8KB default – 2MB

• NUMA support for memory/scheduling• Database intelligently allocates memory and schedules

threads based on node configuration• Best Practice: For NUMA on AMD patch to a minimum

10.2.0.2 P5

Oracle Enhancements for Windows Server 2003

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Best Practices for 32-bit Windows

32-bit Memory Best Practices

• Increase addressable memory available to the Oracle process by adding /3GB switch to boot.ini file:

multi(0)disk(0)rdisk(0)partition(1)\WINNT="Microsoft Windows 2000 Advanced

Server" /fastdetect /3GB • Reboot server to enable• Must monitor kernel memory closely to prevent

instability of operating system • See Metalink Notes 46001.1 and 297498.1• See Microsoft KB article 297812

Monitoring Memory

• Key Items to Monitor for Memory Usage:• Perfmon - Virtual Bytes for oracle.exe to see total memory

used by the process• Total Pool Non-Paged Bytes – Memory Counter

• If grows close to 128MB, operating system instability will occur

• If this grows too high, look for memory leaks• Free System Page Table Entries (PTE’s) – Memory Counter

• Should never fall below 7500 or so• /USERVA=2560 switch in boot.ini will help prevent this

Using ORASTACK

• Each thread within Oracle process is provided 1 MB reserved stack space

• Reduce to 500 KB without consequence on most systems:C:\ orastack tnslsnr.exe 500000

C:\ orastack oracle.exe 500000

• Be sure to run on BOTH tnslsnr.exe and oracle.exe• Stop processes before running Orastack• If you apply a patch, you must re-run Orastack• Make sure to test your system to be sure 500 KB is OK• See Metalink Note 46001.1 for more information

32-bit: VLM Support

SGA

Code

Rest of

RAMFor O/S, other apps

3GB

Windows Server 2003 Memory Limits (32-bit)

Standard Edition:4GB

Enterprise Edition:32GB

Datacenter Edition:64GB

database threads/memory

32-bit: VLM Support

Rest of

RAM

SGA minus DB buffers

Code

Memory from AWE callsused for DB buffers only.The amount of AWE memory allocatedequals db_block_sizetimes db_block_buffers.

For O/S, other apps

3GB

Window on DBbuffers in AWE mem

Extended memoryavailable for DB buffers via AWE calls

Oracle operating system process. Normally limited to 3GB of address space. With VLM, Oracle can get up to 12GB of database buffers.

Implementing AWE

• Use AWE with Oracle by adding initialization parameter USE_INDIRECT_DATA_BUFFERS

• Use DB_BLOCK_BUFFERS instead of DB_CACHE_SIZE

• With AWE, database buffer cache can be increased up to roughly 12 GB

• Default value for AWE_WINDOW_MEMORY is 1 GB• See Metalink Note 225349.1 for more information

Best Practices for 32-Bit Memory

• Use Automatic Workload Repository (AWR) to monitor cache hit ratios and shared_pool stats, etc. Make sure that values are not too high

• When implementing AWE be aware that using AWE disables Automatic Memory Management features (SGA_TARGET cannot be used when USE_INDIRECT_DATA_BUFFERS is set).

Memory Best Practices

• 11g: Use MEMORY_TARGET for automatic management of combined SGA and PGA

• 10g and earlier:• Control SGA Memory by using SGA_TARGET parameter• Control PGA Memory by using

PGA_AGGREGATE_TARGET parameter

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Active Directory Integration

Net Names Management

• Store and resolve Net names through Active Directory • Eliminate tnsnames.ora on clients• Centralize configuration, reduce administration• Authenticated connection to Active Directory (11g)

• Enhanced tools support for storing Net naming• AD Users and Computers• Oracle DB Configuration Assistant, Net Configuration Assistant

and Net Manager

Single Sign-On

AuthenticationClient OS

Server OS

Comments

Windows Native Authentication

Windows Windows

•Included and configured in all editions •MS KDC is used implicitly•Uses External Users mechanism•Enterprise User Security not supported•Direct support of Windows group membership for role authorization

Kerberos Any Any

•EE and ASO option needed•MS KDC is supported•Uses External Users mechanism (by default)•Enterprise User Security supported•EUS and AD integration solutions needed to support authorization through Windows group membership

Windows Native Authentication • Enabled by default and can work across systems • Windows user logon credentials used for database

authentication • Authentication protocol (Kerberos or NTLM) negotiated

based on OS and Domain Controller • Authorization can be granted through Windows group

membership • Pre-defined Windows groups for DBAs and Operators • Uses Oracle External Users and External Roles mechanisms

• Oracle Administration Assistant can be used to manage user authentication and role authorization

• Independent of Database Registration and Name Resolution feature

Kerberos Authentication

• Integrated with Microsoft Key Distribution Center (MSKDC)

• Supports heterogeneous systems• A Windows client can connect to a non-Windows server and vice

versa

• Uses External User mechanisms in Database • Can also be supported with Enterprise User Security • EE and ASO (Advanced Security Option) feature

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Oracle Database 11g: New Features

Active Directory and Windows Security

• Database Registration and Name Resolution• Support authenticated connection to Active Directory using

OS authentication

• Kerberos Authentication • Stronger encryption algorithms (DES3, AES, RC4)

• Support default encryption type supported by MS KDC • Use DNS Domain Name as Kerberos REALM name by

default • Kerberos authentication to Oracle database in a MS cross-

domain setup • Removal of 30 character limit on the Kerberos user name

• Oracle Volume Shadow Copy Service (VSS) writer is transparently integrated with Windows VSS• Oracle writer installed automatically with Oracle DB• Automatic online point-in-time copy of Oracle database

using VSS requestor

• Simple backup and recovery procedure• Offload backup and reporting to another server using

transportable snapshots• Integrated with Recovery Manager (RMAN) and Flash

Recovery area• Intelligent post restore operations on restored files

• E.g. file recovery, instance startup in mount/nomount mode after creating necessary directories

• Automatic deletion of archive logs that are shadow copied by VSS framework

Oracle VSS Writer

• Network Attached Storage (NAS) use Network File System (NFS)

• Oracle Database 11g allow direct Windows NFS v3 access• Part of DB kernel in Oracle Disk Manager library

• Common Oracle NFS interface for potentially all host platforms and NFS servers

• Tailored for the specific I/O patterns that Oracle uses• Bypasses a lot of software layers in OS

• Specially useful for Windows as Kernel NFS is not natively supported on Windows

• Benefits: faster performance, easier manageability, simplified tuning, and better diagnostics

Direct NFS Client on Windows

• Linear scalability of direct NFS can be achieved with inexpensive NICs• Does not require expensive switches which support link

aggregation…Oracle does load balancing rather relying on a switch

• Parallel network paths – More NICs – more bandwidth

• Direct NFS is a good solution from low to high end database servers

Direct NFS

Grid Control for Microsoft Servers Systematic way to extend system coverage

• Key Benefit: Centralize Management

• Enable GC to monitor and manage new components

• Windows Host Management• MOM Connector• Microsoft plug-ins:

• Exchange• SQL Server• Active Directory• .NET Framework• IIS

More Information

• Windows Server Center• http://otn.oracle.com/windows

• Windows and .NET Blog• http://cshay.blogspot.com/

• For more questions• alex.keh@oracle.com

The preceding is intended to outline our general product direction. It is intended for information purposes only, and may not be incorporated into any contract. It is not a commitment to deliver any material, code, or functionality, and should not be relied upon in making purchasing decisions.The development, release, and timing of any features or functionality described for Oracle’s products remain at the sole discretion of Oracle.