Optimal stomatal behaviour around the world · PDF fileAlexandre Bosc Le Bray, France Pinus pinaster Bosc, A. ... Derek Eamus Western Sydney, Castlereagh, ... b_Plantform Savanna tree

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Optimal stomatal behaviour around the world 1

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Supplementary Note 3

Predicted g1 for C4 species 4

The optimal stomatal conductance theory can be expressed as 5

𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 =

𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕𝑔𝑔𝑠𝑠

𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕𝑔𝑔𝑠𝑠

⁄ = (S1) 6

For C4 plants, the rate of change in A with changing gs differs from C3 plants, implying that, 7

for the same value of , C4 plants should have different gs values for equation (S1) to hold. 8

The predicted optimal behaviour still fits equation (1) reasonably well, but with lower values 9

of g1. To demonstrate this, we used a numerical implementation of C3 and C4 photosynthesis 10

in the optimal stomatal model (using R package: plantecophys from 11

www.bitbucket.org/remkoduursma/plantecophys) to calculate optimal stomatal behaviour for 12

C3 and C4 plants with the same value of . By varying incident PAR, VPD and atmospheric 13

CO2, we generated values of optimal stomatal conductance and fit equation (1) to obtain 14

values of g1 for C3 and C4 photosynthesis. An example fit is given in Supplementary Figure 1, 15

while estimated values of g1 are given in Supplementary Table 1. As can be seen, estimates of 16

g1 for C4 plants are approximately one-tenth to a quarter those of C3 plants, for the same 17

value of . Supplementary Figure 2 demonstrated the goodness of fit of C4 species using the 18

stomatal model. 19

Optimal stomatal behaviour around the world

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Supplementary Figure 1: Example of simulated optimal gs values as a function of 20

𝑨(𝑪𝒂√𝑫)

⁄ with the same value of 𝝀 for C3 and C4 species. In this example, 𝜆 was assumed 21

to be 0.3. g1 values for C3 and C4 species are 4.63 and 0.75, respectively. Methods for 22

smulations were described in Supplementary Note. 23

24

25

© 2015 Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved.

3

Supplementary Figure 2: An example of the fitting result from the stomatal model for a 26

set of C4 species. Data set were collected at the Brian Pastures Research Station in Gayndah, 27

QLD, Australia. 28

29

30

31


4

Supplementary Figure 3: gs values as a function of 𝑨(𝑪𝒂√𝑫)

⁄ between wet and dry 32

seasons for a set of evergreen savanna tree species from Palmerston, NT, Australia. 33

34

35


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Supplementary Table 1: Estimated g1 values for simulated data of C3 and C4 species 36

based on a set of given values. 37

Simulated g1 value 𝝀

C3 species C4 species C4:C3 ratio

8.28 0.82 0.10 0.10

4.63 0.75 0.16 0.30

3.50 0.70 0.20 0.50

2.89 0.65 0.22 0.70

2.50 0.60 0.24 0.90

2.22 0.56 0.25 1.10

2.01 0.53 0.26 1.30

1.83 0.50 0.27 1.50

38


6

Supplementary Table 2: List of data source. The whole database is publicly available and can be downloaded from data repository 39

(https://bitbucket.org/gsglobal/leafgasexchange). 40

Data contributor Location Species Reference

Alexandre Bosc Le Bray, France Pinus pinaster Bosc, A. (1999) PhD Thesis.

Alistair Rogers Barrow, AK, USA A set of Arctic species Unpublished data.

Ana Rey Glencorse near Edinburgh, Scotland, UK Betula pendula Rey & Jarvis (1998) Tree Physiology.

Belinda Medlyn

Tumbarumba flux tower, Snowy Mts, NSW,

Australia Eucalyptus delegatensis Medlyn et al. (2007) Tree Physiology.

Cate Macinnis-Ng Arataki Visitor Centre, Auckland, New Zealand Agathis australis Unpublished data

Craig Barton Glencorse near Edinburgh Scotland Picea sitchensis Barton & Jarvis (1999) New Phytologist.

David Ellsworth Duke Forest, Durham, NC, USA Pinus taeda

Ellsworth DS (1999) Plant, Cell &

Environment.

David Ellsworth Richmond, Sydney, Australia Eucalyptus saligna Unpublished data.

David Ellsworth Richmond, Sydney, Australia Four Eucalyptus species

Héroult et al. (2013) Plant, Cell &

Environment.

David Tissue Big Bend National Park, Texas, USA Larrea tridentata Ogle et al. (2012)

Derek Eamus Palmerston, NT, Australia A set of six savanna tree species

Thomas & Eamus (2002) Australian Journal of

Botany.

Derek Eamus Western Sydney, Castlereagh, Australia

Angophora bakeri & Eucalyptus

parramattensis

Zeppel et al. (2008) Australian Journal of

Botany.

Harvard forest data archive Prospect Hill Tract, Harvard Forest, USA

A set of four deciduous angiosperm tree

species Bassow & Bazzaz (1997) Oecologia.

Jean-Marc Limousin Sevilleta NWR, PJ rainfall manipulation, USA Juniperus monosperma & Pinus edulis

Limousin et al. (2013) Plant, Cell &

Environment.

Jeff Kelly

Daintree forest, Cape Tribulation, QLD,

Australia A set of three tropical rainforest species Unpublished data.

Jeff Warren ORNL FACE, TN, USA Liqiudambar styraciflua Warren et al. (2011) Ecohydrology.

Jesse Nippert &

Troy Ocheltree Konza Prairie, KS, USA A set of C3 and C4 grassland species Unpublished data.

Joana Zaragoza-Castells,

Lucy Rowland,

Patrick Meir &

Damien Bonal French Guiana A set of tropical rainforest species Unpublished data.


https://bitbucket.org/gsglobal/leafgasexchange

7

Joana Zaragoza-Castells,

Lucy Rowland,

Patrick Meir &

Norma Salinas Tambopata, Peru A set of tropical species Unpublished data.

Johan Uddling Rhinelander, WI, USA Betula papyrifera & Populus tremuloides Uddling et al (2009) Tree Physiology.

John Drake Duke Forest, Durham, NC, USA Pinus taeda Drake et al. (2011) Global Change Biology.

Jonathan Bennie Agoufou, Hombori, Mali A set of African savanna tree species Unpublished data.

David Tissue Narrabri, NSW, Australia Cotton Unpublished data.

Kohei Koyama &

Kihachiro Kikuzawa Ishikawa, Japan Fagus crenata

Koyama and Kikuzawa 2012 Ecological

Research.

Kouki Hikosaka Aobayama, Sendai, Japan

A set of nine angiosperm and

gymnosperm tree species Hikosaka and Shigeno (2009) Oecologia.

Kouki Hikosaka TOEF, Tomakomai, Hokkaido, Japan Quercus crispula Hikosaka et al (2007) Tree Physiology.

Lasse Tarvainen &

Göran Wallin Skogaryd, Sweden Picea abies Tarvainen et al. (2013) Oecologia.

Lindsay Hutley &

Samantha Setterfield Wildman River, NT, Australia

Alloteropsis semialata & Andropogon

gayanus Unpublished data.

Lisa Wingate Aberfeldy, UK Picea sitchensis

Wingate et al. (2007) Plant, Cell &

Environment.

Lucas Cernusak Howard Springs, NT, Australia A set of evergreen savanna tree species

Cernusak et al. (2011) Agricultural & Forest

Meteorology.

Lucas Cernusak Daly River, NT, Australia A set of evergreen savanna tree species


Meteorology.

Lucas Cernusak Dry River, NT, Australia A set of evergreen savanna tree species


Meteorology.

Lucas Cernusak Adelaide River, NT, Australia A set of evergreen savanna tree species


Meteorology.

Lucas Cernusak Sturt Plains, NT, Australia A set of evergreen savanna tree species


Meteorology.

Lucas Cernusak Boulia, QLD, Australia A set of evergreen savanna tree species


Meteorology.

Lucy Rowland,

Patrick Meir &

Antonio C Lola da Costa Caxiuana, Brazil Manilkara spp. Unpublished data.


8

Maj-Lena Linderson &

Teis Nørgaard Mikkelsen Soroe, Denmark Fagus sylvatica

Linderson et al. (2012) Agricultural & Forest

Meteorology.

Mark Broadmeadow Headley S. London, UK Three Quercus species

Broadmeadow et al. (1999) Water, Air and Soil

Pollution.

Markus Löw Kranzberg forest, Germany Fagus sylvatica

Op de Beeck et al. (2010) Agriculture & Forest

Meteorology.

Michael Freeman Soroe, Denmark Fagus sylvatica Freeman, M. (1998) PhD Thesis.

Nicolas Martin-StPaul Les Mages, France Quercus ilex

Martin-StPaul et al. (2012) Functional Plant

Biology.

Nicolas Martin-StPaul Puechabon, France Quercus ilex


Biology.

Nicolas Martin-StPaul Vic la Gardiole, France Quercus ilex


Biology.

Oula Ghannoum

Brian Pastures Res. Stn, Gayndah, QLD,

Australia A set of C4 grasses Unpublished data.

Paolo de Angelis Montalto di Castro, Italy

Phillyrea angustifolia, Pistacia lentiscus

& Quercus ilex

Scarascia-Mugnozza et al. (1996) Plant, Cell &

Environment.

Pasi Kolari Hyytiälä, Finland Pinus sylvestris Kolari et al. (2007) Tellus.

Patrick Mitchell Corrigin Water Reserve, WA, Australia

Eucalyptus capillosa & Eucalyptus

salmonophloiia

Mitchell et al. (2009) Agricultural & Forest

Meteorology.

Qingmin Han FFPRI, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan Chamaecyparis obtusa Han et al. (2009) Journal of Forest Research.

Qingmin Han Mt Fuji, Japan Pinus densiflora Han et al. (2003) Tree Physiology.

Maarten Op de Beeck Tervuren, Belgium Brassica napus & Brassica oleracea

Op de Beeck et al. (2010) Environmental

Pollution.

Sabine Tausz-Posch AGFACE facility, Horsham, VIC, Australia Triticum aestivum two varieties

Tausz-Posch et al. (2013) Physiologia

Plantarum.

Teresa E. Gimeno Alto Tajo Natural Park, Guadalajara, Spain Juniperus thurifera Gimeno et al. (2012) Tree Physiology.

Victor Resco de Dios Santa Rita Experimental Range, USA

Eragrostis lehmanniana & Heteropogon

contortus

VRD et al. (2012) Prespectives in Plant

Ecology, Evolution and Systematics.

Wei Sun Charleston mesquite site, Tombstone, AZ, USA

A set of mesquite C3 and C4 grass

species Sun et al. (2009) Plant, Cell & Environment.

Wei Sun San Pedro, Sierra Vista, AZ, USA A set of riparian C3 and C4 grass species Sun et al. (2010) Oecologia.

Yusuke Onoda Hakkoda, Aomori, Japan

Fagus crenata, Lindera umbellata &

Magnolia salicifolia

Yasumura et al. (2005) Plant Ecology &

Onoda unpublished.

41


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Supplementary Table 3: Estimates of g1 by different classification schemes. Group b, c, d include C3 42

species only. 43

Classification

scheme Class g1 mean g1 SE

Number of

data points

Number of

species

a_Pathway C4 1.62 0.13 1161 38

a_Pathway C3 4.16 0.09 14001 276

b_Plantform Gymno. tree 2.35 0.25 4732 13

b_Plantform Angio. tree 3.97 0.06 6265 203

b_Plantform Shrub 4.22 0.72 566 9

b_Plantform Grass 4.50 0.37 427 26

b_Plantform Savanna tree 5.76 0.05 339 20

b_Plantform Crop 5.79 0.64 1672 5

c_T region Arctic 2.22 0.40 162 8

c_T region Boreal 2.19 0.44 917 5

c_T region Temperate 4.31 0.21 11934 74

c_T region Tropical 4.43 0.08 988 189

d_W region MI < 0.5 3.77 0.58 3328 17

d_W region 0.5 < MI < 1.0 4.69 0.37 1673 45

d_W region 1.0 < MI < 1.5 3.87 0.24 4313 28

d_W region MI < 1.5 4.02 0.07 4687 186

e_PFTs C4 grass 1.62 0.13 1161 38

e_PFTs Ever. gymno. tree 2.35 0.25 4732 13

e_PFTs Deci. savanna tree 2.98 0.13 30 2

e_PFTs Ever. angio. tree 3.37 0.49 2828 17

e_PFTs Trop. Rainforest tree 3.77 0.00 549 167

e_PFTs Shrub 4.22 0.72 566 9

e_PFTs C3 grass 4.50 0.37 427 26

e_PFTs Deci. angio. tree 4.64 0.35 2888 19

e_PFTs C3 crop 5.79 0.64 1672 5

e_PFTs Ever. savanna tree 7.18 0.02 309 18

44


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Supplementary Table 4: Estimated g1 values for each species from leaf gas exchange data. We used a non-linear regression model to 45

estimate g1 value from equation (1) for each species. * indicates only one g1 value was estimated for the whole set of data due to 46

insufficient replicates for individual species within the given data set. 47

g1 g1SE R2 RMSE Species Datacontrib Latitude Longitude PFT

2.41 0.04 0.74 0.01 Pinus_pinaster Alexandre Bosc 44.72 -0.77 Ever. gymno. tree

2.79 0.55 0.20 0.12 Arctoagrostis latifolia Alistair Rogers 71.32 -156.62 C3 grass

3.27 0.22 0.47 0.05 Arctophila fulva Alistair Rogers 71.32 -156.62 C3 grass

1.62 0.20 0.11 0.05 Carex aquatilis Alistair Rogers 71.32 -156.62 C3 grass

3.29 0.25 0.44 0.07 Dupontia fisheri Alistair Rogers 71.32 -156.62 C3 grass

0.95 0.10 0.30 0.03 Eriophorum angustifolium Alistair Rogers 71.32 -156.62 C3 grass

0.81 0.08 0.36 0.05 Petasites frigidus Alistair Rogers 71.32 -156.62 C3 grass

1.47 0.16 0.25 0.06 Salix pulchra Alistair Rogers 71.32 -156.62 Shrub

3.85 0.37 0.19 0.11 Salix rotundifolia Alistair Rogers 71.32 -156.62 Shrub

4.80 0.24 0.26 0.12 Betula pendula_AnaRey Ana Rey 55.52 -3.20 Deci. angio. tree

4.11 0.17 0.42 0.11 Eucalyptus cladocalyx_AH Arnaud Héroult -33.61 150.74 Ever. angio. tree

4.85 0.14 0.74 0.10 Eucalyptus dunnii_AH Arnaud Héroult -33.61 150.74 Ever. angio. tree

3.32 0.09 0.81 0.06 Eucalyptus melliodora_AH Arnaud Héroult -33.61 150.74 Ever. angio. tree

3.27 0.10 0.82 0.07 Eucalyptus saligna_AH Arnaud Héroult -33.61 150.74 Ever. angio. tree

3.75 0.09 0.58 0.09 Eucalyptus delegatensis Belinda Medlyn -35.65 148.15 Ever. angio. tree

4.70 0.17 0.83 0.04 Agathis australis Cate Macinnis-Ng -36.95 174.61 Ever. gymno. tree

2.62 0.07 0.60 0.04 Picea sitchensis Craig Barton 55.86 -3.24 Ever. gymno. tree

2.49 0.10 0.54 0.04 Pinus taeda_DE David Ellsworth 36.02 -78.98 Ever. gymno. tree

4.21 0.15 0.75 0.10 Eucalyptus saligna_DE David Ellsworth -33.61 150.74 Ever. angio. tree

2.25 0.10 0.65 0.01 Larrea tridentata David Tissue 29.24 -103.11 Shrub

7.32 0.63 0.65 0.15 Acacia mimula Derek Eamus -12.47 130.97 Ever. savanna tree

12.58 0.67 0.87 0.14 Alphitonia excelsa Derek Eamus -12.47 130.97 Ever. savanna tree

3.25 0.21 0.52 0.06 Angophora bakeri Derek Eamus -33.69 150.67 Ever. angio. tree


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9.87 1.14 0.26 0.21 Cochlospermum fraseri Derek Eamus -12.47 130.97 Ever. savanna tree

4.98 0.24 0.61 0.06 Eucalyptus parramattensis Derek Eamus -33.69 150.67 Ever. angio. tree

8.43 0.62 0.53 0.15 Eucalyptus tetrodonta Derek Eamus -12.47 130.97 Ever. savanna tree

10.40 1.05 0.39 0.22 Planchonia careya Derek Eamus -12.47 130.97 Ever. savanna tree

8.92 0.79 0.46 0.19 Terminalia ferdinandiana Derek Eamus -12.47 130.97 Ever. savanna tree

3.18 0.09 0.62 0.04 Acer rubrum Harvard forest data archive 42.54 -72.17 Deci. angio. tree

6.00 0.21 0.47 0.10 Betula alleghaniensis Harvard forest data archive 42.54 -72.17 Deci. angio. tree

5.25 0.17 0.47 0.09 Betula papyrifera Harvard forest data archive 42.54 -72.17 Deci. angio. tree

5.14 0.11 0.68 0.08 Quercus rubra Harvard forest data archive 42.54 -72.17 Deci. angio. tree

3.59 0.17 0.44 0.06 Alloteropsis semialata Linday Hutley & Samantha Setterfield -12.69 132.10 C4 grass

3.79 0.17 0.30 0.11 Andropogon gayanus Linday Hutley & Samantha Setterfield -12.69 132.10 C4 grass

4.23 0.10 0.73 0.05 A set of rainforest tree species* Zaragoza-Castells et al. 2.75 -52.25 Trop. rainforest tree

2.19 0.04 0.77 0.02 Juniperus monosperma Jean-Marc Limousin 34.39 -106.53 Ever. gymno. tree

2.22 0.05 0.79 0.01 Pinus edulis Jean-Marc Limousin 34.39 -106.53 Ever. gymno. tree

3.79 0.16 0.62 0.05 Acmena graveolens Jeff Kelly -16.10 145.45 Trop. rainforest tree

3.00 0.13 0.59 0.04 Argyrodendron peralatum Jeff Kelly -16.10 145.45 Trop. rainforest tree

3.46 0.13 0.55 0.05 Elaeocarpus grandis Jeff Kelly -16.10 145.45 Trop. rainforest tree

4.16 0.14 0.85 0.04 Liqiudambar styraciflua Jeff Warren 35.90 -84.33 Deci. angio. tree

5.56 0.20 0.62 0.16 A set of C3 grass species* Jesse Nippert & Troy Ocheltree 39.08 -96.56 C3 grass

1.04 0.09 0.50 0.08 A set of C4 grass species* Jesse Nippert & Troy Ocheltree 39.08 -96.56 C4 grass

3.46 0.27 0.80 0.08 Betula papyrifera Johan Uddling 45.60 -89.50 Deci. angio. tree

3.26 0.19 0.79 0.05 Populus tremuloides Johan Uddling 45.60 -89.50 Deci. angio. tree

1.73 0.09 0.70 0.02 Pinus taeda_JD John Drake 36.02 -78.98 Ever. gymno. tree

1.37 0.12 0.68 0.04 Acacia raddiana Jon Bennie 15.35 -1.47 Deci. savanna tree

9.45 0.75 0.30 0.18 Alysicarpus Jon Bennie 15.35 -1.47 C3 grass

2.51 0.11 0.55 0.10 Cenchrus Jon Bennie 15.35 -1.47 C4 grass

1.35 0.12 0.96 0.02 Dactiloctenium Jon Bennie 15.35 -1.47 C4 grass

3.98 0.57 0.49 0.23 Senegalia senegal Jon Bennie 15.35 -1.47 Deci. savanna tree

1.56 0.15 0.74 0.05 Tragus Jon Bennie 15.35 -1.47 C4 grass


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6.03 0.20 0.31 0.15 Zornia Jon Bennie 15.35 -1.47 C3 grass

5.59 0.06 0.64 0.17 Cotton (field) David Tissue -30.21 149.60 C3 crop

6.99 0.30 0.31 0.08 Fagus crenata Kohei Koyama & Kihachiro Kikuzawa 36.77 136.78 Deci. angio. tree

3.79 0.40 0.98 0.02 Acer nikoense Kouki Hikosaka 38.26 140.86 Deci. angio. tree

2.11 0.40 0.86 0.02 Aucuba japonica Kouki Hikosaka 38.26 140.86 Ever. angio. tree

2.17 0.16 0.95 0.01 Camellia japonica Kouki Hikosaka 38.26 140.86 Ever. angio. tree

1.69 0.11 0.83 0.01 Cryptomeria japonica Kouki Hikosaka 38.26 140.86 Ever. gymno. tree

7.70 1.15 0.91 0.14 Fagopyron dibotrys Kouki Hikosaka 38.26 140.86 C3 crop

10.08 0.28 0.74 0.04 Persicaria thunbergii Kouki Hikosaka 38.26 140.86 Ever. angio. tree

4.09 0.50 0.89 0.07 Phragmites communis Kouki Hikosaka 38.26 140.86 C3 grass

5.54 0.43 0.89 0.06 Pueraria lobata Kouki Hikosaka 38.26 140.86 Deci. angio. tree

2.12 0.06 0.47 0.04 Quercus crispula Kouki Hikosaka 38.26 140.86 Deci. angio. tree

8.38 0.20 0.79 0.03 Zanthoxylum ailanthoides Kouki Hikosaka 38.26 140.86 Deci. angio. tree

1.68 0.05 0.70 0.02 Picea abies_LT Lasse Tarvainen 58.39 12.15 Ever. gymno. tree

1.53 0.05 0.63 0.02 Picea sitchensis Lisa Wingate 56.63 -3.80 Ever. gymno. tree

3.01 0.27 0.84 0.03 Corymbia latifolia_AR Lucas Cernusak -13.08 131.12 Ever. savanna tree

5.07 0.30 0.85 0.03 Corymbia latifolia_DaR Lucas Cernusak -14.16 131.39 Ever. savanna tree

2.66 0.15 0.95 0.02 Eucalyptus aparrerinja_Boulia Lucas Cernusak -22.90 139.91 Ever. savanna tree

2.97 0.49 0.23 0.01 Eucalyptus coolibah_SP Lucas Cernusak -17.15 133.35 Ever. savanna tree

3.36 0.41 0.34 0.08 Eucalyptus miniata_HS Lucas Cernusak -12.50 131.15 Ever. savanna tree

3.41 0.24 0.77 0.03 Eucalyptus pruinosa_SP Lucas Cernusak -17.15 133.35 Ever. savanna tree

3.49 0.31 0.73 0.05 Eucalyptus tectifica_AR Lucas Cernusak -13.08 131.12 Ever. savanna tree

3.54 0.13 0.98 0.01 Eucalyptus terminalis_Boulia Lucas Cernusak -22.90 139.91 Ever. savanna tree

2.89 0.15 0.94 0.02 Eucalyptus terminalis_DrR Lucas Cernusak -15.18 132.37 Ever. savanna tree

6.38 0.43 0.94 0.07 Eucalyptus tetradonta_DaR Lucas Cernusak -14.16 131.39 Ever. savanna tree

2.99 0.27 0.84 0.03 Eucalyptus tetradonta_DrR Lucas Cernusak -15.18 132.37 Ever. savanna tree

3.43 0.37 0.88 0.04 Eucalyptus tetradonta_HS Lucas Cernusak -12.50 131.15 Ever. savanna tree

1.84 0.11 0.97 0.00 Manilkara Rowland et al. -1.72 -51.46 Trop. rainforest tree

3.66 0.11 0.63 0.04 Fagus sylvatica_ML Maj-Lena Linderson & Teis Mikkelsen 55.49 11.65 Deci. angio. tree


13

6.92 0.35 0.18 0.09 Quercus petraea_MB Mark Broadmeadow 51.28 -0.28 Deci. angio. tree

6.31 0.34 0.17 0.08 Quercus robur_MB Mark Broadmeadow 51.28 -0.28 Deci. angio. tree

3.94 0.17 0.27 0.04 Quercus rubra_MB Mark Broadmeadow 51.28 -0.28 Deci. angio. tree

2.73 0.17 0.82 0.03 Fagus sylvatica_MF Michael Freeman 55.45 11.56 Deci. angio. tree

1.73 0.08 0.93 0.01 Quercus ilex_StPaul_Les Mages Nicolas Martin-StPaul 44.22 4.13 Ever. angio. tree

1.56 0.06 0.95 0.01 Quercus ilex_StPaul_Puechabon Nicolas Martin-StPaul 43.73 3.58 Ever. angio. tree

1.58 0.08 0.89 0.02 Quercus ilex_StPaul_Vic la Gardiole Nicolas Martin-StPaul 43.48 3.75 Ever. angio. tree

1.09 0.04 0.80 0.03 Alloteropsis semialata Oula Ghannoum -26.53 146.39 C4 grass

4.47 0.34 0.72 0.03 Phillyrea angustifolia Paolo de Angelis 42.35 11.60 Shrub

4.47 0.34 0.72 0.03 Pistacia lentiscus Paolo de Angelis 42.35 11.60 Shrub

2.05 0.16 0.76 0.01 Quercus ilex Paolo de Angelis 42.35 11.60 Ever. angio. tree

1.29 0.01 0.69 0.01 Pinus sylvestris_PK Pasi Kolari 61.85 24.29 Ever. gymno. tree

2.03 0.03 0.75 0.03 Eucalyptus capillosa Patrick Mitchell -32.32 117.87 Ever. angio. tree

1.43 0.05 0.82 0.01 Eucalyptus salmonophloiia Patrick Mitchell -32.32 117.87 Ever. angio. tree

1.96 0.04 0.42 0.02 Chamaecyparis obtusa Qingmin Han 36.00 140.00 Ever. gymno. tree

2.09 0.03 0.42 0.02 Pinus densiflora Qingmin Han 35.00 138.00 Ever. gymno. tree

5.81 0.08 0.72 0.13 Brassica napus Maarten Op de Beeck 50.83 4.52 C3 crop

7.06 0.08 0.37 0.17 Brassica oleracea Maarten Op de Beeck 50.83 4.52 C3 crop

3.32 0.05 0.49 0.02 Fagus sylvatica_ML Markus Löw 48.40 11.62 Deci. angio. tree

3.46 0.07 0.77 0.07 Triticum aestivum Sabine Tausz-Posch -36.71 142.19 C3 crop

3.76 0.21 0.63 0.03 Juniperus thurifera Teresa Gimeno 40.54 -1.89 Ever. gymno. tree

1.12 0.11 0.62 0.03 Eragrostis lehmanniana Victor Resco de Dios 31.47 -110.53 C4 grass

1.61 0.13 0.57 0.04 Heteropogon contortus Victor Resco de Dios 31.47 -110.53 C4 grass

3.16 0.13 0.63 0.11 Prosopis velutina Wei Sun 31.66 -110.18 Shrub

4.52 0.45 0.81 0.07 Celtis reticulata Wei sun 31.66 -110.18 Shrub

9.27 0.43 0.53 0.13 Viguiera dentata Wei sun 31.66 -110.18 Shrub

5.57 0.13 0.83 0.04 Fagus crenata Yusuke Onoda 40.65 140.83 Deci. angio. tree

4.52 0.21 0.80 0.03 Lindera umbellata Yusuke Onoda 40.65 140.83 Shrub

3.73 0.15 0.81 0.02 Magnolia salicifolia Yusuke Onoda 40.65 140.83 Deci. angio. tree


14

Supplementary Table 5: Model coefficients for g1 as a function of MI and �̅�. The model 48

was fitted with a linear mixed-effects model as log(𝑔1) ~MI + T̅ + MI × T̅ using different 49

PFTs as the random effects to account for the differences in intercept among PFTs. 50

Model

Variables mean SE DF

Intercept 0.592 0.334 97

MI -0.119 0.252 97

�̅� 0.027 0.014 97

MI × �̅� 0.024 0.015 97

51


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