Optical Disc to Flash Drive Copier - Indian Institute of ...ee09d017/assignment_ee10m076_ee10s056.pdf · Firmware to support di erent lesystems of optical discs(ISO9660,UDF...) DMA

Stand-alone Optical disc to Flash drive copier

Optical Disc to Flash Drive Copier

Dileep Kumar.R S.RamprasathEE10M076 EE10S056

Dept. of Electrical Engineering

Indian Institute of Technology, Madras

14 September,2011

Optical Disc to Flash drive Copier 14 September,2011 1 / 21

Overview

Overview

Introduction

Market

Architecture

Optical Disc Drive

Serial ATA and USB

SATA-USB bridge and USB controller

Cost

Variants

Road-map


Introduction

Introduction

Flash drives are fast replacing Optical Disk drives

Flash offer superior data rates and compact sizes for almost sameprice/MB of data

Rewritability and security of the flash drives have hastened thedecline of Optical discs especially CD and DVD

Compact hand helds and Laptops no longer support/provideOptical Disc drives

Need for DATA migration is to newer technology like flash drivesfrom the older backups on CDs and DVDs is at its peak

Automatic copier from optical discs to flash drives with the rightset of features will be most welcome into the market


Market

Market

Individuals with large collections of audio/video discs

Shops trying to convert or setup digital stores

Online video services trying to update collection

Enterprises moving towards automated secure and robust backuptechnologies


Architecture

Architecture

Comprises of USB controller connected to sink port, USB-SATAbridge and Optical Disk Drive

Optical Disk drive considered to provide SATA output

USB-SATA bridge interfaces SATA to USB protocol with acontroller taking care of matching data rates

USB controller with a small kernel with the USB driver loaded totake care of I/O to flash drives

Figure: High level architecture of system


Optical Disk Drive

Optical Disk Drive

Broadly classified into CD(Compact Discs), DVD(Digital VersatileDisk) and BD(Blueray Discs)

Mostly follow one of the three file-systems(ISO 9660, ISO 13490,Universal Disk Format)

Application at hand requires only Read only disk drives for now

Standards at backend of Optical Disk drive is either Parallel ATAor Serial ATA


Optical Disk Drive Vendors

Vendors

Available as Single assembled package with SATA connectivityVendors providing Optical Disc Drives

AOpenAsusBenQHPHitachi-LG Electronics Data Storage (HLDS)IomegaMoser BaerPanasonicPioneerPhilips-BenQ Digital Solutions (PBDS)Sony-NEC (Sony NEC Optiarc)Toshiba-Samsung Storage Technology (TSST)


Optical Disk Drive Data rates for Disk drives

Data rates for Disk drives

Base speed of disksCD 1x ← 1.17Mbit/sDVD 1x ← 10.55Mbit/sBD 1x ← 36Mbit/s

Maximum multiplier for each caseCD 56xDVD 20xBD 12x

Parallel ATA or Serial ATA at the backend of the drives removesthe abstraction away from the filesystems and specifications ofdisk drives


Serial ATA

Serial ATA

Stands for Serial Advanced Technology Attachment

Used to connect host device to hard disk and optical disk drives

RevisionsRevision 1.0(1.5 Gbit/s)Revision 2.0(3.0 Gbit/s)Revision 3.0(6.0 Gbit/s)

All revisions are both backward and forward compatible

Has almost replaced Parallel ATA because of its inability tohandle higher hard disk transfer rates


USB Universal Serial Bus

Universal Serial Bus

Stands for Universal Serial Bus

Connector and protocol for communication between host devicesand all Human Interface devices

VersionsUSB 1.0(1.5 Mbit/s (Low-Bandwidth) and 12 Mbit/s(Full-Bandwidth))

USB 1.1

USB 2.0(480 Mbit/s (60 MB/s))USB 3.0(5.0 Gbit/s)


SATA-USB bridge

SATA-USB bridge

Comprises of Host interface controller, memory, controller anddevice interface controllerHost interface here corresponds to USB portDevice interface corresponds to SATA port connecting to theOptical Disk Drive

Figure: SATA to USB bridgeOptical Disc to Flash drive Copier 14 September,2011 11 / 21

SATA-USB bridge Controller

Controller

Firmware to support different filesystems of opticaldiscs(ISO9660,UDF...)

DMA engine to support different data rates

Memory to aid in rate matching using DMA

Memory also required for data format conversion betweenprotocols(SATA→USB)

Interface(I/F) comprises of PHY layer(analog frontend) untoTransport layer and data as packet is written to memory usingDMA engine


SATA-USB bridge Vendors

Vendors

Available as discrete ICs

Vendors providing USB-SATA bridgejmicron - JM20329, JM20339Genesys Logic - GL830Sunplus - SPIF215AOxford Semiconductor - OXU921SLucidPORT - USB300


SATA-USB bridge Vendors

Components

USB I/F consists of the analog front-end and packet decoder usedto connect the controller to the host device

Similarly SATA I/F consists of front-end to connect to either harddisk drives or optical disk drives

Controller is used to match the data rates and adjust according tothe host rate selection

Memory is used both as buffer and as storage of instructions forcontroller to decode USB data and format it into SATA packetsand vice versa


USB controller

USB controller

Comprises of a small controller core like micro-controller/ARMwith USB interfaceMemory required to load USB driver to interact with the flashdriveCode require to handle exceptions like less free space, RW erroretc..,

Figure: USB controllerOptical Disc to Flash drive Copier 14 September,2011 15 / 21

USB controller Controller

Controller

Controller essentially comprises of a core like µC or ARM

Support for different port formats like USB, SD, eSATA(forroad-map)

Firmware on ROM connected to controller

DMA with interrupt facility to allow matching different rates ofdata from different ports


USB controller Vendors

Vendors

Available as discrete ICs

Vendors providing USB-SATA bridgeTI - MSP430 seriesApplication specific Atmel AVR - XMEGA seriesARM7 based cores- eg OMAP, Samsung Exynos,STMicroelectronics(STR7x)8051 family with USB controller - NXP(LPC214x),Infineon(C54x), STMicroelectronics(uPSDx), TI(TUSBx)


USB controller Firmware

Firmware

Consists of a tiny kernel to handle interrupt events from DMAengine

Contains drivers to support different protocols and filesystems

Load the drivers to make the controller act as host device forUSB-SATA bridge

Configure DMA so as to match incoming data rate from bridgewith outgoing rate to USB port(Flash drive) depending on theversion of USB/speed of device


Cost

Cost

Optical Disk Drive $25 - $30 for Desktop drives and $30 - $40 forportables

USB-SATA bridge $10 - $15

USB controller $5 - $15

Assembly cost $10 - $12

Power Adapter or Battery $10 - $15

Total cost $60 - $97

Cost of firmware development can be distributed across theproducts sold

Stripped down versions of free and open source kernels likeuClinux can also be used to reduce cost


Variants

Optical disk drives are available at different rated max speedsdepending on power

SATA protocol allows 3.3V, 5V and 12V devices without anyprotocol changes

Lower power versions with lower voltages(including ultra lowpower controllers) can create another market segment

SoC based on unification of the USB-SATA bridge and USBcontroller can also be done using:

Flavours of ARM9 and beyond have on-die support for both SATAand USB(ARM used as an IP vendor)All interfaces/controllers can be designed from scratch(far highercost and time to market)Modified versions of micro-controllers based on 8051 core with thenecessary controllers can also do the job


Road-map

Road-map

Add support for future versions of USB and SATA

Add support for wider spectrum of devices like SD card, eSATA ..,

Low power versions capable of running long time on battery power

Unification of all controllers onto a single diemicroprocessor/controller capable of handling multiple protocols

Add support for newer optical disc formats like Blueray(BD),HD-DVD(high Density)

Add support to other filesystems like NTFS, ext etc.., for handlinglarger files especially in cases like HD-DVD and BD


Documents

Optical Disc to Flash Drive Copier - Indian Institute of ...ee09d017/assignment_ee10m076_ee10s056.pdf · Firmware to support di erent lesystems of optical discs(ISO9660,UDF...) DMA