OPT 453 Final PresentationOPT 453 Final Presentation Yvonne Bodell. Outline Lab 1: Entanglement and Bell’s Inequalities • Violation of ell’s Inequalities • Demonstration of

OPT 453 Final Presentation

Yvonne Bodell

Outline

Lab 1: Entanglement and Bell’s Inequalities

• Violation of Bell’s Inequalities

• Demonstration of cosine squared dependence

• Rotation of Quartz plate

• Experiment of our choice

Lab 2: Single Photon Interference, Wave-Particle Duality and Quantum Eraser

• Demonstration of wave-particle duality


Lab 3/4: Confocal Microscope Imaging of Single-Emitter Fluorescence

• Confocal microscope imaging of silver nano-rods in photonic bandgap material

• Fluorescent spectrum of nano-diamonds in photonic bandgap material

• Interval times of emitted photons from bowtie nano-antenna array

• Imaging and correlation from nano-diamonds with color centers

• Atomic Force Microscope with nano-diamond/polymer sample

Lab 1- Entanglement and Bell’s Inequalities

Background

- Entanglement photons are created using Spontaneous Parametric Down conversion.

- Counts taken on APD’s

Experiments

- Violation of Bell’s Inequalities

- Demonstration of cosine squared

dependence

- Rotation of Quartz plate

- Experiment of our choice















Lab 1- Experiment 1 Results


Polarizer A

Angle

Polarizer B

Angle

Average

Coincidence

Net

Coincidence

-45°

-22.5° 29.67 28.71

22.5° 9 7.83

67.5° 3.67 2.54

112.5° 37.67 36.40

0°

-22.5° 32.33 31.20

22.5° 32 30.90

67.5° 6 4.89

112.5° 10.33 9.05

45°

-22.5° 3.67 2.50

22.5° 24 22.90

67.5° 19.33 18.24

112.5° 10.33 9.17

90°

-22.5° 12.33 11.11

22.5° 3.33 2.15

67.5° 14.67 13.48

112.5° 36.33 35.13

Resulting S=2.54, entanglement was achieved

Polarizer A

Angle

Polarizer B

Angle

Average

Coincidence

Net

Coincidence

10° 0° 28.67 27.60

20° 0° 25.67 24.55

30° 0° 17.33 16.27

40° 0° 10.00 8.94

50° 0° 8.33 7.29

60° 0° 5.33 4.28

70° 0° 4.00 2.92

80° 0° 4.67 3.61

90° 0° 6.00 4.95

100° 0° 10.67 9.60

110° 0° 13.00 11.94

120° 0° 18.00 16.90

130° 0° 17.33 16.20

140° 0° 30.00 28.86

150° 0° 29.33 28.23

160° 0° 41.00 39.90

Resulting S=0.53, entanglement was NOT achieved

Polarizer A

Angle

Polarizer B

Angle

Average

Coincidence

Net

Coincidence

160° 10° 28.33 27.24

150° 20° 16.00 14.86

140° 30° 5.67 4.59

130° 40° 1.67 0.58

120° 50° 3.00 1.90

110° 60° 9.00 7.98

100° 70° 11.33 10.31

90° 80° 20.33 19.32

80° 90° 15.67 14.69

70° 100° 14.00 13.00

60° 110° 11.00 9.98

50° 120° 5.00 3.99

40° 130° 1.67 0.67

30° 140° 2.33 1.32

20° 150° 4.67 3.64

10° 160° 11.00 10.02

Resulting S=0.55, entanglement was NOT achieved

𝑆 ≡ 𝐸 𝑎, 𝑏 − 𝐸 𝑎, 𝑏′ + 𝐸 𝑎′, 𝑏 + 𝐸 𝑎′, 𝑏′𝐸 𝛼, 𝛽 =𝑁 𝛼, 𝛽 + 𝑁 𝛼⊥, 𝛽⊥ − 𝑁 𝛼, 𝛽⊥ − 𝑁(𝛼⊥, 𝛽)

𝑁 𝛼, 𝛽 + 𝑁 𝛼⊥, 𝛽⊥ + 𝑁 𝛼, 𝛽⊥ + 𝑁(𝛼⊥, 𝛽)

















0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350

Ave

rage

Coi

ncid

ence

Cou

nt

Polarizer B Angle (Degrees)

0 Degrees90 Degrees

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350

Ave

rage

Coi

ncid

ence

Cou

nt

Polarizer B Angle (Degrees)

135Degrees45Degrees

𝐹𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑉𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑦 =𝐼𝑚𝑎𝑥 − 𝐼𝑚𝑖𝑛

𝐼𝑚𝑎𝑥 + 𝐼𝑚𝑖𝑛

Polarizer A

Angle

(Degrees)

Fringe

Visibility

0 0.85

90 0.86

45 0.95

135 0.97

















0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

-15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15

Ave

rage

Co

inci

de

nce

Co

un

t

Vertical Rotation Angle (degrees)

(α,β)=(0°,0°) (α,β)=(45°,45°) (α,β)=(90°,90°) (α,β)=(-135°,135°)

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

-100 -50 0 50 100

Ave

rage

Co

inci

den

ce C

ou

nt

Horizontal Rotation Angle (degrees)

(α,β)=(0°,0°) (α,β)=(45°,45°) (α,β)=(90°,90°) (α,β)=(-135°,135°)

















No Quartz Plate

Polarizer A

Angle

Polarizer B

Angle

Average

Coincidence

Net

Coincidence

-45°

-22.5° 65.33 64.59

22.5° 17.33 16.65

67.5° 4.00 3.35

112.5° 47.67 46.92

0°

-22.5° 40.00 39.30

22.5° 42.67 42.03

67.5° 7.67 7.06

112.5° 13.67 12.98

45°

-22.5° 4.00 3.37

22.5° 25.67 25.11

67.5° 25.33 24.82

112.5° 9.67 9.04

90°

-22.5° 19.00 18.33

22.5° 4.33 3.71

67.5° 22.67 22.09

112.5° 52.00 51.34


45° Horizontal Angle Quartz Plate

Polarizer A

Angle

Polarizer B

Angle

Average

Coincidence

Net

Coincidence

-45°

-22.5° 78.33 76.10

22.5° 17.67 15.52

67.5° 8.00 5.95

112.5° 65.67 63.39

0°

-22.5° 60.67 58.57

22.5° 54.00 52.06

67.5° 8.67 6.82

112.5° 23.00 20.66

45°

-22.5° 3.67 1.44

22.5° 40.67 38.70

67.5° 36.00 34.11

112.5° 12.00 9.90

90°

-22.5° 30.00 27.57

22.5° 9.00 6.94

67.5° 43.33 41.28

112.5° 70.33 68.06


45° Horizontal, 20° Vertical Angle Quartz Plate

Polarizer A

Angle

Polarizer B

Angle

Average

Coincidence

Net

Coincidence

-45°

-22.5° 83.00 80.54

22.5° 21.67 19.41

67.5° 13.00 10.81

112.5° 76.33 73.75

0°

-22.5° 61.00 58.61

22.5° 56.33 54.23

67.5° 5.33 3.25

112.5° 19.33 16.98

45°

-22.5° 4.00 1.94

22.5° 39.33 37.31

67.5° 41.00 39.06

112.5° 10.67 8.61

90°

-22.5° 24.00 21.81

22.5° 6.00 3.92

67.5° 42.33 40.32

112.5° 72.00 69.68


𝑆 ≡ 𝐸 𝑎, 𝑏 − 𝐸 𝑎, 𝑏′ + 𝐸 𝑎′, 𝑏 + 𝐸 𝑎′, 𝑏′𝐸 𝛼, 𝛽 =𝑁 𝛼, 𝛽 + 𝑁 𝛼⊥, 𝛽⊥ − 𝑁 𝛼, 𝛽⊥ − 𝑁(𝛼⊥, 𝛽)

𝑁 𝛼, 𝛽 + 𝑁 𝛼⊥, 𝛽⊥ + 𝑁 𝛼, 𝛽⊥ + 𝑁(𝛼⊥, 𝛽)

Lab 2- Single Photon Interference

Background

- Interferometer separates polarizations

- Quantum eraser rotated to make “which path” information available and not

- Double slit experiment shows patterns expected from both wave and particle

Experiments

- Demonstration of wave-particle duality

- Experiment of our choice

















1 0 °

100°

190°

280°

20°

110°

200°

290°

30°

120°

210°

300°

40°

130°

220°

310°

50°

140°

230°

320°

60°

150°

240°

330°

70°

160°

250°

340°

80°

170°

260°

350°

90°

180°

270°

360°


0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350

Ave

rage

Fri

nge

Vis

ibili

ty

Polarization Angle (Degrees)

Quantum Eraser's Effect on Visibility

















Time (s) Exposure Acquisition Time (s) Exposure Acquisition Time (s) Exposure Acquisition

0.015

0.15

1.5

0.03

0.3

3

0.045

0.45

4.5

0.06

0.6

6

0.075

0.75

7.5

0.09

0.9

9

Lab 3/4- Imaging of Single-Emitter Fluoresence

Background

- HBT correlator allows us to see photon time intervals

- AFM measures topography of sample

Experiments

- Confocal microscope imaging of silver nano-rods in photonic bandgap material

- Fluorescent spectrum of nano-diamonds in photonic bandgap material

- Interval times of emitted photons from bowtie nano-antenna array

- Imaging and correlation from nano-diamonds with color centers

- Atomic Force Microscope with nano-diamond/polymer sample

- Laser of confocal microscope excited single emitter which results in a photon.

- Spectrometer allows us to see the wavelengths emitted by the sample















Lab 3/4- Experiment 1 Results


Position 1

Position 2 Position 3

5x5

10x10

20x20

25x25

















Images from spectrometer w/ listed exposure times

0.05s 0.1s 0.3s

0.5s 0.7s 0.9s

Images of sample w/ listed exposure times

0.01s 0.03s 0.05s

0.07s 0.09s 0.1s

















Figure 8: Left- Image of bowtie nano-antenna sample with visible light. Right- Image of bowtie nano-antenna sample with laser light.

Figure 9: Image of TTL pulse from APD.

Figure 10: (A) Initial flat correlation data. (B) Spike obtained after division and recombination.

(C) Spike shifted to the left. (D) Spike shifted even farther left.
















Lab 3/4- Experiment 4 Results Images of Raster Scans

Image Area APD #1 APD #2

40x40 um

25x25 um

15x15 um

15x15 um

















Figure 12: Left- Initial position of cantilever and tip. Right- Final position of cantilever and tip, brought closer to its own shadow on the sample.

Figure 13: Initial images taken of sample, 12x12 um. Left- topography. Right- amplitude.

Figure 14: Measurements taken on features present in initial 12x12 um image.

Figure 15: 4.08x4.08 um image. Left- topography. Middle- Measurement of feature. Right- amplitude.

No Measurement Taken

Figure 16: 2.5x2.5 um image. Left- topography. Middle- the feature was not measured. Right- amplitude.

Figure 17: 1.23x1.23 um image. Left- topography. Middle- Measurement of feature. Right- amplitude.

The End

Thank You!

Documents

OPT 453 Final PresentationOPT 453 Final Presentation Yvonne Bodell. Outline Lab 1: Entanglement and Bell’s Inequalities • Violation of ell’s Inequalities • Demonstration of