Opportunities ofCognitive RadioTechnologies for AdvancedRegulatory Regimes

Eiman Mohyeldin, Max Riegel (Nokia Siemens Networks)

SDR‘12 – WInnComm – Europe

2012-06-29

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Outline

• Introduction

• Regulatory Regimes

• What is Shared Spectrum Access

• Role of Cognitive Radio Technologies in

Shared Spectrum Access

• Way Forward

• Conclusion

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Introduction ( 1/2)

Cognitive Radio in Practical Use

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Introduction (2/2)

• Potential Cognitive Radio Technologies: – Sensing

– Geo-location and access to databases

– Use of beacon or control channel such as CPC or CCC

• Possible deployment of Cognitive Radio System:– In frequency bands allocated exclusively to a single service; or

– In frequency bands that have multiple radio communication service allocations ( shared and opportunistic access)

• Possible and potential applications of Cognitive Radio technologies:

– TV white space application

– To improve the management of spectrum resources

▪ In single operator case

▪ In multiple operators domain

– In shared access of spectrum based on dynamic spectrum access.

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Characteristics of the different Regulatory Regimes

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Shared Spectrum Access

“Shared spectrum access” is where users or wireless applications are authorized to utilize the same range of frequencies on a non-exclusive basis in a defined sharing arrangement.

Key Features of Spectrum Shared Access:

• No limitation on applications and /or technology other than those required to avoid harmful interference and to reduce the risk of interference while maintaining an acceptable quality of service ;

• Licensing or coordination to avoid interference to non-collective use applications or to facilitate maintaining QoS for the future.

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Advanced regulatory Approach: Licensed Shared Access or Authorized Shared Access

Licensed Shared Access ( LSA) or Authorized Shared Access ( ASA) is a framework that enable sharing of spectrum between a number of licensed users. The primary licensed user(s) or incumbent utilizing the spectrum for a specific application would share spectrum with one or several new users (ASA or LSA users) for the same or different applications in accordance with a set of conditions to be defined through regulation

Key Features of ASA/ LSA:

• Unlock the band used by incumbent ( primary user of the band) for new

users

• ensure predictable quality of service for all right holders

• sharing agreements/ conditions among incumbent and the new users

LSA or ASA is not a sharing technique or a system, but ASA/LSA relies on dynamic/cognitive radio based sharing techniques (e.g. databases, sensing, …)

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ASA/LSA

(i.e. incumbent exists)

Bands available

to and shared

by „x“ ASA/LSA-

users

(x=1, 2, ..., n)

Channels actually used

by incumbent

(position could change

over time)

Spectrum band „owned“

by incumbent

fu fo

Difference between ASA/LSA and other licensing methods

temporary band of

or

ASA/LSA-user 1

ASA/LSA-user 2

ASA/LSA-user 3

Unlicensed band

Un-licensed band

Band shared by „x“

unregistered users

(x=1, 2, ..., ∞)

fu fo

Band available

for licensing light

Band shared by „x“

registered users having

a General Authorisation

(x=1, 2, ..., n)

fu fo

Licensing light

(no incumbent)

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Other/additional dimensions of ASA/LSA:Time- and area based sharing

Time

Time-periods actually used

by incumbent

Band permanently„owned“

by incumbent

ASA/LSA-user 1

ASA/LSA-user 2

ASA/LSA-user 3

temporary band of

Area

Parts of licensed area

actually used

by incumbent

Area licensed

to incumbent

ASA/LSA-user 1

ASA/LSA-user 3

temporary area of

ASA/LSA-user 2

ta te

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Drivers for Licensed/Authorized Shared Access

• Demand of spectrum is continuously increasing

• Many services use their spectrum

– not everywhere

– not all the time

– not in the entire allocated (licensed) band

• Spectrum is scarce increase of “overall spectrum efficiency” is a “must”!

• Technical means (databases) exist to enable access to spectrum that is unused or under-utilised by the incumbent in

– Spatial (geographical) domain

– Time domain

– Frequency domain

– or any combination of the above three

• There seems to be no appropriate licensing method to permit co-usage of unused spectrum of incumbent for a restricted number of co-users in a controlled manner guaranteeing not harmful interference to incumbent

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Example of an ASA-Implementation using Database ( Source: Annex 2 of CRCG report to ECC WGFM)

Administration/

Regulator

ASA Controller

ASA licensee (IMT-operator)

IMT-device uses spectrum according

to network control

Incumbent

grant/award of ASA rights

ASA spectrum and

award rules

where/when ASA spectrum

is available (Dynamic)

Incumbent prohibits use of ASA

spectrum

Base stationBase station

ASA Repository

Spectrum use

information Permission or interdiction of

use of ASA spectrum

Incumbent permits use of ASA

spectrum

Exclusive spectrum of IMT-

operator t.b.used

Use of exclusive + ASA spectrum

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Way Forward

• To foster actions on LSA/AS different action in Regulation

as well as in Standardization are required

• In Europe some actions have been started in the

Regulation domain, need to be followed and crystallized

• The standardization path should allow the way to define

requirements, functional architecture, protocols

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Conclusion

• Cognitive technologies enable new ways to share

spectrum more efficiently

• Dynamic spectrum access schemes are essential enabler

for accessing additional spectrum

• Advanced regulatory approaches for spectrum

authorization are needed to allow more flexibly shared use

of spectrum

• The big advantage of ASA/LSA: Enabling Timely

Availability and Licensed Use of Harmonized Spectrum for

mobile services with predictable QoS

• With Cognitive Radio technologies such as geo-location databases ASA/ LSA would be applicable to spectrum sharing in all bands and for all kinds of applications